This document discusses technology trends to address ongoing growth in internet traffic. It begins with an overview of Global Crossing, a tier 1 internet backbone provider. It then discusses the exploding growth in internet traffic driven by user demand. Looking forward, new transport technologies like ultra long haul are needed to address this growth and reduce costs per megabit as traffic increases. Ultra long haul uses technologies like advanced modulation, coherent detection, and low loss Raman amplification to allow optical signals to travel longer distances at lower costs. This will help transport costs align with price erosion in the IP transit market and allow global internet backbones to scale efficiently.
14 enns comtech_ef_data_sspi_brazil_2013-v1-daniel_ennsSSPI Brasil
The document discusses the growing demand for satellite bandwidth to support mobile backhaul and enterprise applications. It highlights how new high throughput satellite systems and advanced ground equipment technologies are enabling more efficient use of satellite capacity. These technologies allow satellite operators and service providers to offer lower cost solutions and more services to mobile network operators and enterprise customers.
This document provides an outline and overview of the international bandwidth and data market. It discusses key drivers of growth in the market including increasing usage of fixed, mobile, and broadband connections and new applications. It analyzes traffic demand and direction for various regions including Asia Pacific, Europe, and US & Canada. The document also outlines the submarine cable infrastructure and capacity for different regions, and provides ICT profiles for several Southeast Asian countries that detail their international connectivity and bandwidth situations.
Market size and growth of network services 2012 aspacDr.Joko Suryana
Global wholesale network services are growing, with some legacy products declining and new products increasing. Transponder prices globally average $600k-$1.2 million annually for C-band and $1.1-$1.7 million for Ku-band. In North America, recently negotiated Ku-band transponder leases average around $1.6 million per year, and up to $3 million in Europe. Mobile backhaul connections are growing at 20% annually, with fiber increasingly used over copper and microwave. Leased circuits in Europe typically cost $6,500-$10,000 per E1 annually, while in the US they are $8,300-$10,000. IPLC prices in Asia are around $
PLNOG 7: Jos Martens, Bart van der Sloot - Internet updates from around the w...PROIDEA
This document provides an agenda and summaries of topics that will be covered in an internet updates webinar from around the world. The agenda includes updates on Global Crossing, cloud computing opportunities, net neutrality in the US and Europe, and balancing cost and quality when buying IP transit and extending peering relationships. A summary of Global Crossing is also provided, outlining its global network and services. The document examines opportunities for communication, infrastructure, platform and security as cloud computing services and how these services are enabled by Global Crossing's global IP network. Net neutrality regulations in the US and Europe are discussed. The challenges of balancing network costs and quality when purchasing IP transit and peering relationships are also summarized.
Broadband Grant Workshop - PSC (Oneida County)WI Broadband
Broadband Grant workshops conducted by University Wisconsin Extension Broadband and E-Commerce Education Center for the Public Service Commission - Wisconsin.
Broadband Expansion Grant Workshop PSC Portage CountyWI Broadband
On behalf of the Public Service Commission (PSC), the Broadband & E-Commerce Education Center is hosting four workshops to help interested Wisconsin communities understand how to apply to the Broadband Expansion Grant program. The workshops will walk local broadband stakeholders through grant requirements including public/private partnerships and areas identified as “underserved”, the ingredients of success for the first round of broadband expansion grants, and walk through different broadband technologies to consider when applying for a grant.
PSC Broadband Grant Workshop September 2014WI Broadband
On behalf of the Public Service Commission (PSC), the Broadband & E-Commerce Education Center is hosting four workshops to help interested Wisconsin communities understand how to apply to the Broadband Expansion Grant program. The workshops will walk local broadband stakeholders through grant requirements including public/private partnerships and areas identified as “underserved”, the ingredients of success for the first round of broadband expansion grants, and walk through different broadband technologies to consider when applying for a grant.
This document discusses opportunities for wireless network optimization. It notes that mobile data traffic is growing rapidly driven by new services and devices. This is putting pressure on network capacity and quality of experience. The document examines challenges in offering bandwidth at low cost, optimizing network performance, and migrating from legacy to IP networks. It argues that network optimization can help address these challenges by reducing costs, improving quality of experience, and freeing up funds for reinvestment while preparing networks for future growth. The document provides an overview of Alcatel-Lucent's wireless optimization services and their value in helping operators meet these challenges.
14 enns comtech_ef_data_sspi_brazil_2013-v1-daniel_ennsSSPI Brasil
The document discusses the growing demand for satellite bandwidth to support mobile backhaul and enterprise applications. It highlights how new high throughput satellite systems and advanced ground equipment technologies are enabling more efficient use of satellite capacity. These technologies allow satellite operators and service providers to offer lower cost solutions and more services to mobile network operators and enterprise customers.
This document provides an outline and overview of the international bandwidth and data market. It discusses key drivers of growth in the market including increasing usage of fixed, mobile, and broadband connections and new applications. It analyzes traffic demand and direction for various regions including Asia Pacific, Europe, and US & Canada. The document also outlines the submarine cable infrastructure and capacity for different regions, and provides ICT profiles for several Southeast Asian countries that detail their international connectivity and bandwidth situations.
Market size and growth of network services 2012 aspacDr.Joko Suryana
Global wholesale network services are growing, with some legacy products declining and new products increasing. Transponder prices globally average $600k-$1.2 million annually for C-band and $1.1-$1.7 million for Ku-band. In North America, recently negotiated Ku-band transponder leases average around $1.6 million per year, and up to $3 million in Europe. Mobile backhaul connections are growing at 20% annually, with fiber increasingly used over copper and microwave. Leased circuits in Europe typically cost $6,500-$10,000 per E1 annually, while in the US they are $8,300-$10,000. IPLC prices in Asia are around $
PLNOG 7: Jos Martens, Bart van der Sloot - Internet updates from around the w...PROIDEA
This document provides an agenda and summaries of topics that will be covered in an internet updates webinar from around the world. The agenda includes updates on Global Crossing, cloud computing opportunities, net neutrality in the US and Europe, and balancing cost and quality when buying IP transit and extending peering relationships. A summary of Global Crossing is also provided, outlining its global network and services. The document examines opportunities for communication, infrastructure, platform and security as cloud computing services and how these services are enabled by Global Crossing's global IP network. Net neutrality regulations in the US and Europe are discussed. The challenges of balancing network costs and quality when purchasing IP transit and peering relationships are also summarized.
Broadband Grant Workshop - PSC (Oneida County)WI Broadband
Broadband Grant workshops conducted by University Wisconsin Extension Broadband and E-Commerce Education Center for the Public Service Commission - Wisconsin.
Broadband Expansion Grant Workshop PSC Portage CountyWI Broadband
On behalf of the Public Service Commission (PSC), the Broadband & E-Commerce Education Center is hosting four workshops to help interested Wisconsin communities understand how to apply to the Broadband Expansion Grant program. The workshops will walk local broadband stakeholders through grant requirements including public/private partnerships and areas identified as “underserved”, the ingredients of success for the first round of broadband expansion grants, and walk through different broadband technologies to consider when applying for a grant.
PSC Broadband Grant Workshop September 2014WI Broadband
On behalf of the Public Service Commission (PSC), the Broadband & E-Commerce Education Center is hosting four workshops to help interested Wisconsin communities understand how to apply to the Broadband Expansion Grant program. The workshops will walk local broadband stakeholders through grant requirements including public/private partnerships and areas identified as “underserved”, the ingredients of success for the first round of broadband expansion grants, and walk through different broadband technologies to consider when applying for a grant.
This document discusses opportunities for wireless network optimization. It notes that mobile data traffic is growing rapidly driven by new services and devices. This is putting pressure on network capacity and quality of experience. The document examines challenges in offering bandwidth at low cost, optimizing network performance, and migrating from legacy to IP networks. It argues that network optimization can help address these challenges by reducing costs, improving quality of experience, and freeing up funds for reinvestment while preparing networks for future growth. The document provides an overview of Alcatel-Lucent's wireless optimization services and their value in helping operators meet these challenges.
The document discusses carrier hotels, internet exchange points (IXPs), and net neutrality. It argues that establishing interconnection points like carrier hotels with IXPs promotes competition and helps address net neutrality concerns by reducing costs and barriers to direct network interconnection. Establishing more connection points through carrier hotels and actively participating in IXPs could help make net neutrality a non-issue.
This document summarizes a presentation on Ethernet services given in 2009. It discusses trends in Ethernet market penetration globally, controversies around Ethernet vs. IP technologies, how carriers are expanding Ethernet access through fiber, bonded copper, and E-NNIs. Key vertical markets and applications driving adoption are described. Factors for evaluating successful Ethernet service provider portfolios are outlined. Leaders in Ethernet services in the US, Europe, and Asia-Pacific are identified based on network reach and service breadth. Future directions for carriers are also summarized.
Transport network strategies at Telekom Austria Group- January 2014Wi-Fi 360
We would like to invite you to an exclusive webinar entitled 'Towards a Converged Network: Transport Network Strategies at Telekom Austria. This will present key new research findings from Maravedis-Rethink, and will feature our guest speaker, Alexander Schneider. Mr Schneider is head of transport network development at Telekom Austria Group, a frontrunner in European operators' move towards fixed/mobile convergence and all-IP networks.
Mr Schneider will discuss key elements of Telekom Austria's strategy for deploying a twenty-first century network which harnesses some of the most important new technologies in fixed and mobile telecoms. These include small cells, software defined networking and the migration to all-IP infrastructure. In particular, the presentation will focus on the strategies and challenges in backhaul and IP migration.
The webinar will offer a unique opportunity to gain details and insights into issues which are now facing many operators, and their suppliers, round the world, in the face of mounting data demands.
Mr Schneider's presentation will be complemented by highlights from Maravedis-Rethink's most recent research into the 4G RAN and backhaul deployment plans of the world's leading mobile providers. Maravedis-Rethink tracks the top 100 4G operators and their business strategies, and has a per-carrier analysis of small cell and Cloud-RAN deployment plans, among other topics. Research Director Caroline Gabriel will share exclusive data in areas including small cell backhaul and SON (self-optimizing networks).
Maravedis-Rethink:White Paper Sensification SCWSWi-Fi 360
This short paper looks at the requirement for densification; the scale of capacity that operators will need by 2018; and the critical enablers, such as self-optimizing network (SON) technology. The data points referenced come from surveys of over 75 mobile operators by Maravedis-Rethink’s RAN Research Service. Fuller findings will be published in June 2014 in a report entitled ‘Towards the Hyper-Dense Network: the shape of the HetNet 2013-2019’.
This document discusses different types of broadband internet access. It describes digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem, fibre optic, wireless, satellite, and broadband over powerline technologies. It provides details on connection speeds, advantages, and disadvantages of each. The document also lists broadband providers and plans available in the Cabinteely area of Ireland, and recommends UPC fibre internet and a Vodafone mobile WiFi device for a small business scenario based on speed and cost.
TransportWave provides microwave backhaul solutions as an alternative to traditional wired backhaul. They design, implement, own and operate the microwave networks to provide carriers significant operating expense savings compared to current transport costs. TransportWave can also scale the network capacity remotely as needed. Management has over 90 years of experience in wireless and wireline networks. TransportWave aims to reduce carriers' operating expenses through a reliable, scalable microwave backhaul solution that supports both TDM and Ethernet functionality.
This document summarizes a project to deploy a wireless VoIP network across two rural sites in Bangladesh, serving approximately 80 customers. Key aspects of the project included using commodity wireless networking equipment to build a wireless backbone and last-mile connections, evaluating performance of the wireless links and VoIP service, and exploring providing internet access to a school. The network was designed to use 802.11b wireless technology between repeater stations over distances up to 15km to deliver voice and data services in a cost-effective manner to rural areas that previously lacked affordable communication options.
Small Cell Industry Insight & Experience SharingSmall Cell Forum
1) Mobile data traffic is expected to grow exponentially over the next few years, driven largely by increased video consumption on mobile devices.
2) Indoor coverage and capacity is insufficient for many users, especially as fixed-line phones decline. Small cell solutions like LampSite are needed to improve indoor experiences.
3) Digitalization of indoor networks through small cell deployment has become an industry consensus to address these issues and enable new mobile broadband services. Early adopters of small cell solutions are seeing benefits like increased traffic and revenue.
An introduction to Wireless Small Cell NetworksMehdi Bennis
This document provides an introduction to small cell networks. It outlines that small cell networks are a necessary paradigm shift to meet increasing demand for mobile data by making cells smaller, denser, and smarter. Small cell networks include femtocells, picocells, relays, and device-to-device communications, which can operate with heterogeneous backhaul and be either closed, open, or hybrid access. Standardization efforts aim to enable interoperability, and self-organizing capabilities are important to maintain low costs as small cell density increases.
The document discusses the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), which was designed to support migration from current mobile networks to 3GPP Release 8 LTE networks through interoperability between LTE and other wireless access technologies. EPC provides a common anchor point for subscribers, acts as the policy and charging enforcement point, and allows smooth introduction of LTE while maintaining service continuity for subscribers. It discusses how mobile network operators can introduce EPC in steps while leveraging synergies with existing 3GPP networks to efficiently support increasing mobile data traffic demands on their networks.
FairPoint Communications is an internet service provider that operates in 18 states. It is investing over $40 million to expand broadband infrastructure in Maine over the next 5 years. Traditional network architectures with hub and spoke or full mesh configurations have limitations. IP/MPLS networks and carrier Ethernet services provide more scalable, robust, and cost-effective connectivity for multi-site businesses. FairPoint's VantagePoint network uses a next-generation IP/MPLS architecture to deliver diverse, high-performance connectivity with quality of service and other benefits over traditional network options.
The document discusses the future of mobile networks known as HetNets and the increasing role of small cells. It notes that small cell deployments are growing rapidly due to benefits like improved coverage, greater capacity and spectrum efficiency. Small cells are seen as key to meeting the exponential growth in mobile data traffic. The document also addresses network considerations around small cells including interference management, backhaul options and integrating small cells with Wi-Fi networks.
The document discusses the future of mobile networks known as HetNets and the increasing role of small cells. It notes that small cell deployments are growing rapidly, with over 1 million cells deployed by some major operators. Small cells provide benefits like improved coverage, greater capacity and spectrum efficiency. The document also discusses network considerations for HetNets including interference management and backhaul options. It examines usage scenarios for small cells like in homes, enterprises, rural networks and integrated with Wi-Fi.
VITEL_Broadband Satellite Access_Final2Stefano Zara
Satellite broadband provides ubiquitous internet access across wide geographic areas through satellite technology. It can help address the digital divide by providing broadband access to rural and remote areas that are difficult or expensive to connect via other means. Next generation high throughput satellites use multiple spot beams and frequency reuse to increase total bandwidth available up to hundreds of gigabits. This allows satellite broadband services to support applications requiring higher speeds. Satellite solutions can also provide business continuity by serving as reliable backup connections or primary links for connectivity in the event of terrestrial network failures or disasters. Additionally, satellite networks can be used to offload mobile data traffic and help relieve network congestion for cellular providers.
Neutral Path Communications delivers carrier neutral transport solutions such as dark fiber, wavelengths, Ethernet, and colocation services across its underground fiber backbone network spanning over 1,300 route miles and 110,000 fiber miles between Denver, Omaha, and Minneapolis. The company focuses on low latency fiber and meeting customers' network performance needs, which include regional fiber providers, wireless carriers, enterprises, and datacenter operators. Neutral Path recently expanded its Midwest backbone network to include a new low latency route between Omaha and Denver.
OpenCellular aims to democratize access to connectivity in rural areas where nearly half of people lack coverage. Their approach involves open source, open ecosystem networks with low-cost, low-power base stations that can be locally manufactured. Key elements are cell sites optimized for rural areas with smaller cells, lower power usage, and simplified installation that reduces total cost of ownership compared to traditional networks. The goal is to make connectivity more affordable and accessible for rural and remote communities around the world.
Long term evolution (LTE) is replacing the 3G services slowly but steadily and become a preferred choice
for data for human to human (H2H) services and now it is becoming preferred choice for voice also. In
some developed countries the traditional 2G services gradually decommissioned from the service and
getting replaced with LTE for all H2H services. LTE provided high downlink and uplink bandwidth
capacity and is one of the technology like mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and vehicular ad hoc network
(VANET) being used as the backbone communication infrastructure for vehicle networking applications.
When Compared to VANET and MANET, LTE provides wide area of coverage and excellent infrastructure
facilities for vehicle networking. This helps in transmitting the vehicle information to the operator and
downloading certain information into the vehicle nodes (VNs) from the operators server. As per the ETSI
publications the number of machine to machine communication (MTC) devices are expected to touch 50
billion by 2020 and this will surpass H2H communication. With growing congestion in the LTE network,
accessing the network for any request from VN especially during peak hour is a big challenge because of
the congestion in random access channel (RACH). In this paper we will analyse this RACH congestion
problem with the data from the live network. Lot of algorithms are proposed for resolving the RACH
congestion on the basis of simulation results so we would like to present some practical data from the live
network to this issue to understand the extent RACH congestion issue in the real time scenario.
To the 5th Generation? The Future of Mobile CommunicationsMarc NGIAMBA
The document summarizes Nigel Jefferies' presentation on the future of mobile communications and 5G. Some key points:
- Jefferies discusses Huawei's position as a leading ICT provider and its R&D centers worldwide.
- The Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) develops visions for the future of wireless technologies. Its vision is for 7 trillion wireless devices serving 7 billion people by 2020.
- Research directions for 5G include new radio link technologies to increase spectral efficiency by over 2x, small cells and dense heterogeneous networks, and device-to-device communications.
- Technologies like coordinated multi-site MIMO, cognition, and virtual relays could enable the goals of 5G
Managed services for Sudan's transmission network could provide operational expenditure (OPEX) savings through various approaches. Backbone optimization using high-capacity transmission technologies could reduce OPEX by up to 70% associated with 2G/3G backhaul. Bandwidth optimization techniques like silent call suppression and voice compression could save up to 50% of network bandwidth. Infrastructure sharing between operators through site rental, antenna sharing, and backhaul sharing could also lower costs while improving service quality.
The document discusses carrier hotels, internet exchange points (IXPs), and net neutrality. It argues that establishing interconnection points like carrier hotels with IXPs promotes competition and helps address net neutrality concerns by reducing costs and barriers to direct network interconnection. Establishing more connection points through carrier hotels and actively participating in IXPs could help make net neutrality a non-issue.
This document summarizes a presentation on Ethernet services given in 2009. It discusses trends in Ethernet market penetration globally, controversies around Ethernet vs. IP technologies, how carriers are expanding Ethernet access through fiber, bonded copper, and E-NNIs. Key vertical markets and applications driving adoption are described. Factors for evaluating successful Ethernet service provider portfolios are outlined. Leaders in Ethernet services in the US, Europe, and Asia-Pacific are identified based on network reach and service breadth. Future directions for carriers are also summarized.
Transport network strategies at Telekom Austria Group- January 2014Wi-Fi 360
We would like to invite you to an exclusive webinar entitled 'Towards a Converged Network: Transport Network Strategies at Telekom Austria. This will present key new research findings from Maravedis-Rethink, and will feature our guest speaker, Alexander Schneider. Mr Schneider is head of transport network development at Telekom Austria Group, a frontrunner in European operators' move towards fixed/mobile convergence and all-IP networks.
Mr Schneider will discuss key elements of Telekom Austria's strategy for deploying a twenty-first century network which harnesses some of the most important new technologies in fixed and mobile telecoms. These include small cells, software defined networking and the migration to all-IP infrastructure. In particular, the presentation will focus on the strategies and challenges in backhaul and IP migration.
The webinar will offer a unique opportunity to gain details and insights into issues which are now facing many operators, and their suppliers, round the world, in the face of mounting data demands.
Mr Schneider's presentation will be complemented by highlights from Maravedis-Rethink's most recent research into the 4G RAN and backhaul deployment plans of the world's leading mobile providers. Maravedis-Rethink tracks the top 100 4G operators and their business strategies, and has a per-carrier analysis of small cell and Cloud-RAN deployment plans, among other topics. Research Director Caroline Gabriel will share exclusive data in areas including small cell backhaul and SON (self-optimizing networks).
Maravedis-Rethink:White Paper Sensification SCWSWi-Fi 360
This short paper looks at the requirement for densification; the scale of capacity that operators will need by 2018; and the critical enablers, such as self-optimizing network (SON) technology. The data points referenced come from surveys of over 75 mobile operators by Maravedis-Rethink’s RAN Research Service. Fuller findings will be published in June 2014 in a report entitled ‘Towards the Hyper-Dense Network: the shape of the HetNet 2013-2019’.
This document discusses different types of broadband internet access. It describes digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem, fibre optic, wireless, satellite, and broadband over powerline technologies. It provides details on connection speeds, advantages, and disadvantages of each. The document also lists broadband providers and plans available in the Cabinteely area of Ireland, and recommends UPC fibre internet and a Vodafone mobile WiFi device for a small business scenario based on speed and cost.
TransportWave provides microwave backhaul solutions as an alternative to traditional wired backhaul. They design, implement, own and operate the microwave networks to provide carriers significant operating expense savings compared to current transport costs. TransportWave can also scale the network capacity remotely as needed. Management has over 90 years of experience in wireless and wireline networks. TransportWave aims to reduce carriers' operating expenses through a reliable, scalable microwave backhaul solution that supports both TDM and Ethernet functionality.
This document summarizes a project to deploy a wireless VoIP network across two rural sites in Bangladesh, serving approximately 80 customers. Key aspects of the project included using commodity wireless networking equipment to build a wireless backbone and last-mile connections, evaluating performance of the wireless links and VoIP service, and exploring providing internet access to a school. The network was designed to use 802.11b wireless technology between repeater stations over distances up to 15km to deliver voice and data services in a cost-effective manner to rural areas that previously lacked affordable communication options.
Small Cell Industry Insight & Experience SharingSmall Cell Forum
1) Mobile data traffic is expected to grow exponentially over the next few years, driven largely by increased video consumption on mobile devices.
2) Indoor coverage and capacity is insufficient for many users, especially as fixed-line phones decline. Small cell solutions like LampSite are needed to improve indoor experiences.
3) Digitalization of indoor networks through small cell deployment has become an industry consensus to address these issues and enable new mobile broadband services. Early adopters of small cell solutions are seeing benefits like increased traffic and revenue.
An introduction to Wireless Small Cell NetworksMehdi Bennis
This document provides an introduction to small cell networks. It outlines that small cell networks are a necessary paradigm shift to meet increasing demand for mobile data by making cells smaller, denser, and smarter. Small cell networks include femtocells, picocells, relays, and device-to-device communications, which can operate with heterogeneous backhaul and be either closed, open, or hybrid access. Standardization efforts aim to enable interoperability, and self-organizing capabilities are important to maintain low costs as small cell density increases.
The document discusses the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), which was designed to support migration from current mobile networks to 3GPP Release 8 LTE networks through interoperability between LTE and other wireless access technologies. EPC provides a common anchor point for subscribers, acts as the policy and charging enforcement point, and allows smooth introduction of LTE while maintaining service continuity for subscribers. It discusses how mobile network operators can introduce EPC in steps while leveraging synergies with existing 3GPP networks to efficiently support increasing mobile data traffic demands on their networks.
FairPoint Communications is an internet service provider that operates in 18 states. It is investing over $40 million to expand broadband infrastructure in Maine over the next 5 years. Traditional network architectures with hub and spoke or full mesh configurations have limitations. IP/MPLS networks and carrier Ethernet services provide more scalable, robust, and cost-effective connectivity for multi-site businesses. FairPoint's VantagePoint network uses a next-generation IP/MPLS architecture to deliver diverse, high-performance connectivity with quality of service and other benefits over traditional network options.
The document discusses the future of mobile networks known as HetNets and the increasing role of small cells. It notes that small cell deployments are growing rapidly due to benefits like improved coverage, greater capacity and spectrum efficiency. Small cells are seen as key to meeting the exponential growth in mobile data traffic. The document also addresses network considerations around small cells including interference management, backhaul options and integrating small cells with Wi-Fi networks.
The document discusses the future of mobile networks known as HetNets and the increasing role of small cells. It notes that small cell deployments are growing rapidly, with over 1 million cells deployed by some major operators. Small cells provide benefits like improved coverage, greater capacity and spectrum efficiency. The document also discusses network considerations for HetNets including interference management and backhaul options. It examines usage scenarios for small cells like in homes, enterprises, rural networks and integrated with Wi-Fi.
VITEL_Broadband Satellite Access_Final2Stefano Zara
Satellite broadband provides ubiquitous internet access across wide geographic areas through satellite technology. It can help address the digital divide by providing broadband access to rural and remote areas that are difficult or expensive to connect via other means. Next generation high throughput satellites use multiple spot beams and frequency reuse to increase total bandwidth available up to hundreds of gigabits. This allows satellite broadband services to support applications requiring higher speeds. Satellite solutions can also provide business continuity by serving as reliable backup connections or primary links for connectivity in the event of terrestrial network failures or disasters. Additionally, satellite networks can be used to offload mobile data traffic and help relieve network congestion for cellular providers.
Neutral Path Communications delivers carrier neutral transport solutions such as dark fiber, wavelengths, Ethernet, and colocation services across its underground fiber backbone network spanning over 1,300 route miles and 110,000 fiber miles between Denver, Omaha, and Minneapolis. The company focuses on low latency fiber and meeting customers' network performance needs, which include regional fiber providers, wireless carriers, enterprises, and datacenter operators. Neutral Path recently expanded its Midwest backbone network to include a new low latency route between Omaha and Denver.
OpenCellular aims to democratize access to connectivity in rural areas where nearly half of people lack coverage. Their approach involves open source, open ecosystem networks with low-cost, low-power base stations that can be locally manufactured. Key elements are cell sites optimized for rural areas with smaller cells, lower power usage, and simplified installation that reduces total cost of ownership compared to traditional networks. The goal is to make connectivity more affordable and accessible for rural and remote communities around the world.
Long term evolution (LTE) is replacing the 3G services slowly but steadily and become a preferred choice
for data for human to human (H2H) services and now it is becoming preferred choice for voice also. In
some developed countries the traditional 2G services gradually decommissioned from the service and
getting replaced with LTE for all H2H services. LTE provided high downlink and uplink bandwidth
capacity and is one of the technology like mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and vehicular ad hoc network
(VANET) being used as the backbone communication infrastructure for vehicle networking applications.
When Compared to VANET and MANET, LTE provides wide area of coverage and excellent infrastructure
facilities for vehicle networking. This helps in transmitting the vehicle information to the operator and
downloading certain information into the vehicle nodes (VNs) from the operators server. As per the ETSI
publications the number of machine to machine communication (MTC) devices are expected to touch 50
billion by 2020 and this will surpass H2H communication. With growing congestion in the LTE network,
accessing the network for any request from VN especially during peak hour is a big challenge because of
the congestion in random access channel (RACH). In this paper we will analyse this RACH congestion
problem with the data from the live network. Lot of algorithms are proposed for resolving the RACH
congestion on the basis of simulation results so we would like to present some practical data from the live
network to this issue to understand the extent RACH congestion issue in the real time scenario.
To the 5th Generation? The Future of Mobile CommunicationsMarc NGIAMBA
The document summarizes Nigel Jefferies' presentation on the future of mobile communications and 5G. Some key points:
- Jefferies discusses Huawei's position as a leading ICT provider and its R&D centers worldwide.
- The Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) develops visions for the future of wireless technologies. Its vision is for 7 trillion wireless devices serving 7 billion people by 2020.
- Research directions for 5G include new radio link technologies to increase spectral efficiency by over 2x, small cells and dense heterogeneous networks, and device-to-device communications.
- Technologies like coordinated multi-site MIMO, cognition, and virtual relays could enable the goals of 5G
Managed services for Sudan's transmission network could provide operational expenditure (OPEX) savings through various approaches. Backbone optimization using high-capacity transmission technologies could reduce OPEX by up to 70% associated with 2G/3G backhaul. Bandwidth optimization techniques like silent call suppression and voice compression could save up to 50% of network bandwidth. Infrastructure sharing between operators through site rental, antenna sharing, and backhaul sharing could also lower costs while improving service quality.
Since the photonic layer is the cheapest on a per-bit, per-function basis, and since
the key imperative before operator's today is to bridge the yawning gap between
exponentially increasing data traffic on the one-hand, and flat-to-declining revenues
on the other, a tighter coupling between the packet and optical layers to derive
operational, management, and deployment efficiencies, has...
This document discusses introducing IP transport capabilities into the Cello Packet Platform (CPP) telecommunications technology. It notes that voice traffic is being replaced by data traffic, putting new demands on networks to handle both delay-sensitive and packet-oriented traffic. While ATM was considered the solution for quality of service, issues around scalability, administration and cost have emerged. The document outlines six basic principles for IP services in CPP, including embedding an IP router across the main processor cluster and device boards, and fully distributing IPv4/IPv6 forwarding in hardware or software. Introducing IP support in CPP provides benefits to network operators by offering a consistent solution for TDM, ATM and IP transport.
Services and applications’ infrastructure for agile optical networksTal Lavian Ph.D.
Huge advancements in optical devices, components and networking.
The underline of the Internet is optical – How can we take advantage of this?
How can the applications take advantage of this?
Agile Optical Network is starting to appear. What services and interfaces we’ll need between the optical control and the applications?
What are the applications?
The Internet architecture was built on some 15-20 years old assumptions. Are some modifications needed?
Is packet switching good for all? In some cases, is circuit switching better? (move TeraBytes of SAN date, P2P, Streaming)
End-to-End Argument – Is is valid for all cases?
What cases not? What instead?
The current Internet architecture is based on L3. What is needed in order to offer services in L1-L2?
Computation vs. Bandwidth 10X in 5 years
Discussing the digital transformation of every part of the network with nfv s...Alberto Boaventura
This document discusses the digital transformation of telecommunication networks through new technologies like NFV/SDN. It covers several topics:
1. The evolution of networks from 4G to 4.5G to 5G and the transition to virtualized platforms.
2. Scenarios driving network transformation like the internet of things and tactile internet that will require networks to support higher data rates, lower latency, and more connections.
3. The challenges of planning networks to support new technologies and services while balancing costs and optimizing resources.
Terabit networks support transmission rates of at least one trillion bits per second and provide high bandwidth to meet increasing demands for data, voice, and video. Key requirements for terabit networks include scalability, flexibility, efficiency, improved network management, and rapid service recovery. Terabit network applications are characterized by unpredictable traffic demands and quality of service requirements. The document discusses technologies used to implement terabit networks such as dense wavelength division multiplexing for long-haul transmission, coarse wavelength division multiplexing for metropolitan areas, multi-protocol label switching, and a layered network architecture.
NetIX - Moving Traffic to the Expressway Jan 2016Ken Lefkowitz
NetIX provides a global carrier-class Ethernet network that directly connects content creators and users faster and cheaper than existing network architectures. By bypassing circuitous internet routes, NetIX shortens connection paths by up to 39% and enables 90% of websites to respond faster, with average connectivity costs reduced by 26% for members. NetIX has grown rapidly since launching in 2013 and now connects over 70 members through its global internet exchange, with traffic volumes increasing to 200 Gbps.
ASON – Automatically Switched Optical Networks
Dynamically switch the light path
Enabler for many applications
Controlled by UNI and NNI – Allow applications to set the light path
Allow to add the intelligence into the optical core
ASON:
The Automatic Switched Optical Network (ASON) is both a framework and a technology capability.
As a framework that describes a control and management architecture for an automatic switched optical transport network.
As a technology, it refers to routing and signalling protocols applied to an optical network which enable dynamic path setup.
Recently changed names to Automatic Switched Transport Network (G.ASTN)
The document discusses Alcatel-Lucent's proposal for implementing Converged Backbone Transformation (CBT) networks using MPLS/DWDM technology. CBT networks integrate IP and optical network layers to reduce costs and complexity while improving scalability, efficiency, and service delivery. Key elements of CBT include IP/optical integration using technologies like OTN, sub-port grooming, and control/management plane integration to provide end-to-end visibility and coordination across network domains. CBT networks are presented as enabling more cost-effective scaling to support growing traffic demands like video.
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PLNOG 6: Bart van der Sloot - Technology trends in terrestrial and subsea networks to cope with ongoing Internet growth
1. Technology trends in terrestrial and
subsea networks to cope with ongoing
Internet growth
Bart van der Sloot, Director Carrier Services
2. Presentation Overview
Global Crossing – who we are and what we do
Looking back and looking forward: exploding traffic growth…
Transport technology trends to address the challenges for global Internet
backbones – Ultra Long Haul
Different market / same services: how the Financial Trading market
exploits “our” transport technology trends –
Ultra Low Latency
Summary and conclusions
4. Global Crossing at a Glance
4
Network, VOIP,
Collaboration and
Data Centre Services
for Enterprises,
Governments and
Media/Broadcasting
The Carriers’ Carrier:
High capacity
Transport Services
Tier 1 Internet
Backbone
Unparalleled global sub-sea & terrestrial network
Core Network self built / self operated / fully owned
Team of over 5000 professionals in North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia
Core Network
5. Global Crossing’s global solution sets
A totally integrated and interoperable suite of IP and legacy services that support a
customer’s migration path to a fully converged environment.
15
Collaboration
Services
Video Conferencing
IP Video and iVideo
Web Conferencing
•Live Meeting
•eMeeting
•Web Meeting
Event Call
Data Transport
Services
EtherSphere
Ethernet
Private Line
Co-location
Wavelength
Private Line
Managed
Solutions
Professional
Services
Managed Network
Managed Security
Managed VoIP
Video Endpoint
Management
Applications
Performance
Management
Traditional
Voice Services
Outbound
Local
Toll Free
Converged
IP Services
IP VPN
IP Video
IP Transit
Remote VPN Access
Mobile IP Connect
•On-Net Plus
•Outbound
•Local Service
•Toll Free
SIP Trunking
•Community Peering
CDN Services
WAN Optimization
Data Centers
Secure Housing
Hosted Managed
Virtual Housing
Ready Access Audio
Communications
as a Service
(CaaS)
Genesis
Video Solutions
Full Time
Point to Point
Portable
Bandwidth
Video
Transport
Solutions
Occasional
Feeds
Managed
Monitoring
Commercial
Insertion
6. IP Transit
Recognized Tier 1 ISP with extensive global private and
public peering reaching 100% of the Internet
One seamless global IP network (AS#3549) with end-to-end
control
• Over 4.5 Tbps peering capacity
• Present not only in North-America and Europe, but in
Latin America, Asia and Australia as well
• Strong focus on network security and keeping malicious
traffic off the network
• First to deploy native IPv6 globally (2006)
• BGP Automation (RADB)
• Warsaw IP Node in PLIX-DC (LIM building)
Direct connectivity with top Internet destinations
Content: Google, Facebook, Youtube, Yahoo, Live, Blogspot,
MSN, Amazon
CDN’s: Akamai, Limelight, nLayer, CD-networks, EdgeCast
Major access networks and other Tier1’s
Renesys reports Global Crossing as 2rd most connected backbone Tier 1 ISP, globally
6
7. Top 13 Providers of 2010
7
“The rankings are a rather crude measure of size, as they are based entirely on the
quantity of IP space ultimately transited by each provider. However, it's the ranking
trends that are more revealing than any absolute number”
(source: Renesys Blog 2011)
8. Tier 1?.... Second in Renesys Ranking?....
Coverage of LatAm, Asia, Australia?.... So what?
• 40-50% of our traffic stays On-Net
• End-to-end transport across 5 regions
means
• Maximum control of latency and packet loss
• Independent from peering capacity with other networks
• Best security against malicious traffic
• Better end-user experience and lower total cost of operation
to run your network
8
9. Central & East European POP expansion
• Providing Tier1 connectivity in 4 additional cities
– Bratislava, Slovakia, Sitel building at
Kopèianska
– Bucharest, Romania, NXData Feper Building
(NXDATA-1),
– Sofia, Bulgaria, Neterra in the Sofia
Teleport/Data Centre
– Kiev, NewTelco
• Already present in
– Budapest, Hungary, BIX/Interware building
– Warsaw, Poland, at LIM Building (PLIX)
– Helsinki, Finland at Kvaidankatu 2
• All pops are diversely connected to the GC IP
backbone with multiple 10G uplinks
• Connected Istanbul, Turkey on diverse STM4
providing SDH and Ethernet services
– Pantel PoP location
9
11. "Email - I can't imagine life without it - is probably going away.“
- Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg, citing the stat that only 11% of teens email daily.
Internet Growth Continues
• Traffic continues to grow driven by user
demand
• Underlying international bandwidth
grows at >50% annually
• Utilization rate Traffic vs Capacity is at
around 50-60%
• Global Crossing’s IP traffic in 2010
increased 72.6% YoY from 4Q09.
12. International Internet Bandwidth
• ~30% of all international capacity is in use
by Top 5 Internet carriers
• 12Tbps Interregional capacity mainly
subsea (compared to 4.3Tbps in 2007)
• Subsea grows faster then terrestrial, US-
Latam and Europe to Asia are fastest
growers. Europe to Africa picking up
13. Price per Mb evolution
• As traffic continues to
grow and ARPU per user
remains flat. Price per Mb
needs to come down
• Traffic x Price/MB shows
growth
• Costs/Mb needs to follow
this trend
14. TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY TRENDS TO
ADDRESS THE CHALLENGES FOR GLOBAL
INTERNET BACKBONES
DESIGNING YOUR TRANSPORT ARCHITECTURE
15. Understanding the Costs of an IP Backbone
• Edge routers
• Core/Aggregation routers
• Backbone capacity
– Fiber
– Transmission equipment
• Space and power
• Peering interconnects
• People
• For a new customer
interconnect; costs attributes
are in Edge, Core and Backbone
16. Global Crossing Cost Evolution
• Increased router port
density drove down
costs for edge and
core routers
18. Global Crossing Cost Evolution
• Increased router port
density drove down
costs for edge and
core routers
• Transport cost didn’t
not follow the same
path and was not in
line with market price
erosion
• New Transport
equipment and new
architecture is needed
19. Considerations for backbone architecture/technology
10GE transport costs MUST support IP Transit market price erosion
Base transport architecture for US and Europe based upon Gen1 technologies
• Average wavelength services is US( 2000Km), Europe (1000 Km)
• Built to support “Tier 1 City” to “Tier 2 City” requirements, but selling Tier 1 to Tier 1
Gen1 technologies getting to the end of their technology and economical life
cycle. New architectures must focus now on clever ways to scale the core while
keeping cost down.
Future proof. You can’t change your network architecture every year.
Scaling approach: We must scale not only technologically, but economically
(“pay as you grow” versus “big lump sum investments”)
20. Architecture challenges
Increase flexibility – add cities or metro sites
Meet new market requirements
• Protected wavelength at small incremental cost
Reduce provisioning time
• Faster time to revenue
• Flexible scaling of capacity
Latency garantuees and monitoring
21. Optimize Network to align with major peering ports
Need to optimize costs for Tier1 cities while maintaining flexibility for Tier2 cities
22.
23. Planned architecture
Deploy Ultra Long Haul technology in addition to existing solution
ULH targeted at Tier1 cities – supporting 40G and 100G
Keep flexibility and local drop capability in Tier2 cities with existing infrastructure
This will bring the needed cost reduction for the transport part of the IP network
24. What does ULH mean?
Ultra Long Haulis a combination of advanced technologies that
allow optical services to be travel longer distances than previous
technologies, provide more flexibility in provisioning, creates near-zero touch
provisioning , and allows for end-end circuit monitoring.
It’s NOT just one thing.
It’s building a seamless network.
It’s supported by new Transponder and new Amplifier technology
24
25. Transponder and Add/Drop/Switch Enhancements
Modulation Schemes
• Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing, or
modulating, the phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave).
• BPSK, QPSK, DQPSK (Binary/Quadruple/Differential Phase Shift Keying) - minimizes optical
power inserted into fiber, minimizing non-linear effects of fiber
Coherent Detection- Uses digital signal processing to compensate for line
impairments.
Error Correction - SDFEC (Soft Decision Forward Error Correction) algorithms are
able to correct for higher error rates and allow systems to have lower OSNR
(Optical Signal Noise Ratio).
Photonic Integrated Chips (PICs) – Perpetuating Moore’s Law and help to drive the
costs down at regeneration sites
ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer) – Allows flow thru
provisioning at sites where no add/drop is required
Wavelength Selectable Switches (WSS)- Allow multiple directions of traffic to be
managed cost effectively. Small incremental optical switches.
25
26. Low loss Raman Amplification
In a Raman amplifier pump lasers are connected to the fiber and transmit optical
energy down the length of a fiber. As it passes along the fiber this extra energy
interacts with the optical signal increasing its strength.
Low Loss Optical Amplifiers offer minimal ASE noise (“Amplified Spontaneous
Emission” - lower noise floor) and allows more amplifiers to be cascaded.
Lower power usage, fast, in-line amplification, larger distances without
regeneration (…lower cost), robust
26
27. ULH-LH Systems
Optical parameters support much longer distances between OEO (Optical-
Electrical-Optical)
Drastically reduces space and power at low density sites.
ROADM / WSS technology allows for selective add/drop
• ROADM not required for optical signaling, but placed in line to accommodate only if low-
density drop location was required.
Ideal for Express traffic
Flexibility to drop or redirect traffic at junction sites
27
1000 Km- 3000 Km
RX
TX RX
TX
ROADM
WSSWSS
Photonic Architectures
28. 40GE Ratified!
28
June 21, 2010
40/100 Gb Ethernet Standard Ratified; First Interoperability Event November 2010
The IEEE Standards Board this month approved IEEE 802.3ba – a new version of the Ethernet standard which includes a single
architecture capable of supporting both 40 Gigabit Ethernet (40GbE) and 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE), along with physical layer
specifications for communication across backplanes, copper cabling, multimode fiber and single-mode fiber.
Standards Watch Blog
http://blogs.netapp.com/standards_watch/2010/06/40100-gb-ethernet-standard-ratified-first-interoperability-event-november-2010.html
IEEE ratifies 40-, 100- Gigabit Ethernet standard
MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. -- The Ethernet Alliance announced its congratulations to the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) and the
IEEE P802.3ba Task Force on the ratification of the IEEE Std. 802.3ba - 2010 standard. As an amendment to IEEE 802.3 base
standard, IEEE Std. 802.3ba specifies the technology and requirements for the development of higher speed Ethernet components
and systems that operate at 40 and 100 gigabits per second.
The new standard describes a single architecture capable of supporting both 40 Gigabit Ethernet (40GbE) and 100 Gigabit Ethernet
(100GbE), along with physical layer specifications for communication across backplanes, copper cabling, multimode fiber and single
mode fiber.
Interconnection World
http://www.interconnectionworld.com/index/display/article-display/2367085283/articles/connector-specifier/standards/2010/june/ieee-ratifies_40-.html
29. Future of Ethernet 40GE and 100GE
IEEE HSSG 802.3ba interfaces
Focus on 40GBASE-LR4, offices are not set up for multi-mode.
CFP Interfaces
Do not expect the initial deployments of 40GE to meet the (3 x 10G) cost points!
Full 40GE will take still quite some development
100GE with 4x25G might be more economical sooner then 40GE
Expect to give cost effects 2013-2014
29
40GBASE-SR4 supporting 40 GbE over 100 meters of Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) using four parallel 10 Gbps lanes;
40GBASE-LR4 supporting 40 GbE over 10 km of Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) using four 10 Gbps CWDM channels;
100GBASE-SR10 supporting 100 GbE over 100 meters of MMF using ten parallel 10 Gbps lanes;
100GBASE-LR4 supporting 100 GbE over 10 km of SMF using four 25 Gbps WDM channels; and
100GBASE-ER4 supporting 100 GbE over 40 km of SMF using four 25 Gbps WDM channels.
30. Sub-Sea Challenges (Transatlantic, Pacific, LatAm)
Many Trans-Atlantic systems are over 10 years old
o Typically 4-fiber-pair systems – enabling different technology per fiber pair
o Suboptimal amplifier performance for newer higher rate services
o These systems have non-linearities that must be overcome, requiring additional
electronics or higher cost electronics must be used to compensate
o Current Trans-Atlantic bandwidth prices are too low to justify a new cable build (>500
mln Euro)
Often fiber pairs are already in use, so upgrades must either:
o Migrate traffic to other fiber pairs
o Clear enough spectrum to put in newer technologies (guard-band requirements)
Limitations on using 40G and 100G modulation
o Longer spans or spans with high non-linear properties
o This may ease as SD-FEC becomes commercially available (2012-2013)
30
31. How we handle those challenges – augment principles
Deploy higher rate modulation schemes to defer “Sub-sea”
augments
Minimize Latency
Minimize impact of upgrade on existing customer base
• Try to clear fiber pairs, or ample spectrum
How can we achieve these goals?
• Look at newer modulation schemes: PM-QPSK, PM-BPSK, DPSK
• Use Coherent Receivers or Fiber Bragg Gratings
• Proper annual Forecasting
• Continuously work with vendors to develop technologies that will
increase our overall capacity per fiber pair
31
32. AND NOW SOMETHING COMPLETELY DIFFERENT:
HOW THE FINANCIAL TRADING MARKET
EXPLOITS “OUR” TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY
TRENDS
ULTRA LOW LATENCY TECHNOLOGY
33. 33
High Frequency Trading
33
High-frequency traders buy and sell thousands of shares every
second
Over the past 10 years, algorithmic trading has overtaken the
industry.
By some estimates, computer-aided high-frequency trading
now accounts for about 70 percent of total trade volume.
The TABB Group estimates that 10 milliseconds of latency could
impact revenues negatively by 10%.
Another study estimates a 1 millisecond advantage in latency
can be worth $100M/year to a financial institution
(InformationWeek, April 2007)
The financial industry’s obsession with minute differences in
latency between different fiber routes has triggered a wave of
telecom network optimization, with service providers going so
far as to lay new fiber, if needed, to shave miles—and
milliseconds—off of key trading routes.
34. High Frequency Trading – Direct Market Access
Strategies
Electronic trading facilities give investors a way to interact with the order book
of an exchange.
Investment companies and other private traders utilize information technology
infrastructure to control the way a trading transaction is managed.
Infrastructure is combined with algorithmic trading to create a high
performance trading platform – we are part of that platform.
Traders in New
York or Chicago
Financial Exchanges in
London or Frankfurt
Global Crossing Transport
Low Latency Wavelengths
Buying decision is based on Speed!
36. Dispersion & Compensation methods
Dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave
depends on its frequency.
The most familiar example of dispersion is probably a rainbow, in which
dispersion causes the spatial separation of a white light into components
of different wavelengths (different colors).
Dispersion causes pulses to spread in optical fibers, degrading signals over
long distances;
To compensate for dispersion additional fiber (on coils) can be inserted –
sometimes up to 50km on a coil – adding latency
A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a type of distributed Bragg reflector
constructed in a short segment of optical fiber that reflects particular
wavelengths of light and transmits all others.
36
37. What contributes to latency ?
• Fiber Distance
• Dispersion Compensation
Methods
• System processing Time-
– Transponders
– Muxing methods
– FEC
• How can we minimize it?
– Shortest route selection
– Use technologies that
minimize discrete dispersion
compensation
• Coherent Detection
• Fiber Bragg Gratings
37
Global Crossing Ultra Low Latency Routes
38. Summary
Trends in Ultra Long Haul technology and 40G/100G Ethernet
will continue to support traffic growth and cost reduction,
supporting flat end-user pricing at growing bandwidth
Trends in Subsea Technology support growth on existing cable
systems, but new construction is unavoidable over time
High Frequency Financial Traders apply the same services to
different applications – driving investments in faster and new
routes
38
39. Making it Even Easier To Connect….
Or use our fully integrated social media presence ….
19
Come to our booth, talk to Roland Vrijheid or Boleslaw Kraus