Mount tambora
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Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano located on Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. It was formed by subduction and rose to over 4,300 meters tall. In 1815, Mount Tambora erupted in one of the largest eruptions in recorded history, killing over 71,000 people and causing global climate effects like the "Year Without a Summer". While still considered active, its last eruption was in 1967 and eruptions since have been non-explosive.
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Mt. TAMBORA " The Largest Volcanic Eruption in Recorded History "
The 1815 eruption of the Tambora volcano is generally considered as the largest and most violent volcanic event in recorded history. An estimated 150 km3 of volcanic material was released (the approximate equivalent to 16,000 Hiroshima bombs or eight times greater than the 1883 Krakatau eruption). The magnitude was seven on the VEI scale. It was an explosive central vent eruption with pyroclastic flows and a caldera collapse, causing tsunamis, and extensive land and property damage. It had a long-term effect on global climate. The eruption shot 400 million tons of sulfuric gases into the atmosphere, causing global cooling and creating what historians call ... \"The Year Without a Summer”
The explosions killed 92,000 people on Sumbawa and Lombok island, now part of Indonesia, and wiped out the kingdom of Tambora (The Pompeii of the East).
Mount tambora
Mount Tambora, located in Indonesia, erupted in 1815 in the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The eruption killed over 71,000 people and destroyed the top 4,000 feet of the mountain. Large amounts of ash and dust blasted into the atmosphere, contributing to unusually cold weather conditions in 1816 known as "The Year Without a Summer" that impacted crops and caused famine globally. The unusual weather from the eruption indirectly led Mary Shelley to write her famous novel Frankenstein while staying indoors that summer in Switzerland.
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The 1815 eruption of the Tambora volcano is generally considered as the largest and most violent volcanic event in recorded history. An estimated 150 km3 of volcanic material was released (the approximate equivalent to 16,000 Hiroshima bombs or eight times greater than the 1883 Krakatau eruption). The magnitude was seven on the VEI scale. It was an explosive central vent eruption with pyroclastic flows and a caldera collapse, causing tsunamis, and extensive land and property damage. It had a long-term effect on global climate. The eruption shot 400 million tons of sulfuric gases into the atmosphere, causing global cooling and creating what historians call ... \"The Year Without a Summer”
The explosions killed 92,000 people on Sumbawa and Lombok island, now part of Indonesia, and wiped out the kingdom of Tambora (The Pompeii of the East).
Mount tambora
Mount Tambora, located in Indonesia, erupted in 1815 in the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The eruption killed over 71,000 people and destroyed the top 4,000 feet of the mountain. Large amounts of ash and dust blasted into the atmosphere, contributing to unusually cold weather conditions in 1816 known as "The Year Without a Summer" that impacted crops and caused famine globally. The unusual weather from the eruption indirectly led Mary Shelley to write her famous novel Frankenstein while staying indoors that summer in Switzerland.
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The southern Indian granulite terrane is known for granulite - facies rocks which is formed during the ‘Pan-African orogeny.
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The southern margin of this block is defined by the Achankovil Shear Zone.
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The Achankovil Shear Zone (ACSZ) is major lineament of 8-10 km width and >100 km length.
The rocks in the zone display a prominent NW-SE trending foliation with steep dips to southwest.
Estimation of pressure and temperature (P-T) of this lithology was first carried out by Santosh (1987) based on conventional geothermometers and mineral equilibrium, that gave 700-800◦ C at 5.5-7.0 kbar.
Later study done by Nandakumar and Harley (2000) which is slightly higher 925 ± 20◦ C at 6.5-7.0 kbar .
3.1. Grt- Opx- Crd Gneiss
The Grt-Opx-Crd gneiss is a coarse-grained, granulite-facies rock with a probable pelitic protolith.
The mineralogy of a representative sample (KR19-5G1) is plagioclase (30-40%), ortho-pyroxene (20-30%), garnet (10-20%), K-feldspar (10-20%), quartz (5-10%), and cordierite (2-5%) with accessory of biotite, spinel, and sillimanite (Fig. 2a).
Garnet is very coarse-grained (3-6 mm) ,subidioblastic, and contains numerous fine-grained inclusions of sillimanite (0.05-0.2 mm), biotite (0.05-0.4 mm), spinel (0.05-0.1 mm), and quartz (0.05-0.1 mm).
The most significant feature of this rock is the direct contact relation of fine grained spinel and quartz (Spl + Qtz), which occur only as inclusions in garnet.
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If you want to help or donate please donate at my paypal:
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The southern Indian granulite terrane is known for granulite - facies rocks which is formed during the ‘Pan-African orogeny.
The region is composed of Neoproterozoic to Cambrian crustal blocks, dissected by large-scale shear zones (Palghat-Cauvery and Achankovil).
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The rocks in the zone display a prominent NW-SE trending foliation with steep dips to southwest.
Estimation of pressure and temperature (P-T) of this lithology was first carried out by Santosh (1987) based on conventional geothermometers and mineral equilibrium, that gave 700-800◦ C at 5.5-7.0 kbar.
Later study done by Nandakumar and Harley (2000) which is slightly higher 925 ± 20◦ C at 6.5-7.0 kbar .
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The Grt-Opx-Crd gneiss is a coarse-grained, granulite-facies rock with a probable pelitic protolith.
The mineralogy of a representative sample (KR19-5G1) is plagioclase (30-40%), ortho-pyroxene (20-30%), garnet (10-20%), K-feldspar (10-20%), quartz (5-10%), and cordierite (2-5%) with accessory of biotite, spinel, and sillimanite (Fig. 2a).
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If you want to help or donate please donate at my paypal:
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SUPPORT ME:
https://www.buymeacoffee.com/dyokimura6
CHECK MY GAMING CHANNEL:
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Mount Tambora, located in Indonesia, erupted in 1815 in the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The eruption killed over 71,000 people and destroyed the top 4,000 feet of the mountain. Large amounts of ash and dust blasted into the atmosphere, contributing to unusually cold weather conditions in 1816 known as "The Year Without a Summer" that impacted crops and caused famine globally. The eruption of Mount Tambora, a composite stratovolcano, was the indirect cause for Mary Shelley being inspired to write her classic novel Frankenstein.
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The document discusses evidence that mega-tsunamis from volcanic eruptions and flank collapses destroyed ancient civilizations over 50,000 years ago. Specifically, it notes that as the last glacial period ended around 12,000 years ago, stress imbalances triggered eruptions of stratovolcanoes located on shelves surrounding Asia. Landslides of these volcanoes would have generated mega-tsunamis over 100 meters high, capable of wiping out coastal settlements and islands across the northern hemisphere. The waters northeast of Taiwan in particular contain evidence of undersea volcanoes and faults that could have historically generated tsunamis impacting ancient civilizations.
Welcome volcanoe
This document discusses different types of volcanoes. It defines active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes and provides examples of each. Active volcanoes frequently erupt, like Mount Etna in Italy. Dormant volcanoes were once active but have not erupted recently, though future eruptions are possible, such as Vesuvius in Italy. Extinct volcanoes were once active but will not erupt again, for example Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa. The document also describes the vent and crater, which are key features of volcanoes, and how volcanoes can be beneficial to humans by providing rich soil and minerals, though eruptions also pose threats.
volcano
This document discusses different types of volcanoes. It defines active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes and provides examples of each. Active volcanoes frequently erupt, like Mount Etna in Italy. Dormant volcanoes were once active but have not erupted recently, though future eruptions are possible, such as Vesuvius in Italy. Extinct volcanoes were once active but will not erupt again, for example Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa. The document also describes the vent and crater, which are key features of volcanoes, and how volcanoes can be beneficial to humans by providing rich soil and minerals, though eruptions also pose threats.
Tectonic terror
This document provides information about tectonic hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. It discusses how plate tectonics causes the movement of tectonic plates, which in turn causes these hazards. It also describes some of the reasons why people live in areas prone to these hazards, such as fertile soil from volcanic eruptions and tourism drawn to volcanic landscapes. Minimizing damage requires understanding factors like a region's economic development and emergency preparedness.
Thira - Santorini, the Memory of an ancient Apocalypse
The island of Santorini is very popular with tourists who visit the Greek islands. It is also a special interest for the geologists, the vulcanologists, the archaeologists and historians.
Active Volcanoes in Europe
According to the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, a volcano is called 'active' wh...
Volcanoes
Geography Project on Volcanoes, made by a 14 year old student as his school submission work, has almost all the required information about the Volcanoes and includes case studies & maps of major volcanic regions of the world, active volcanoes of the world, Volcanic eruptions in the modern times.
Copyright (c) 2021-2022 Ishan Ketan Bhavsar
TO BE USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY
Thera greece
The document describes the Minoan eruption of the Thera volcano on the Greek island of Santorini. It was a Plinian eruption that devastated settlements on Santorini and nearby islands, including Akrotiri and Thera. Geological evidence shows the Thera volcano erupted numerous times over hundreds of thousands of years before collapsing into a circular caldera filled with seawater and small islands. The violent Minoan eruption produced 40-foot tsunamis, spread volcanic ash across Asia, and caused global cooling for three years.
Milena
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust where magma and gases erupt. During an eruption, volcanoes expel lava, ash, dust, gas and vapor. There are three types of volcanoes: active volcanoes that are currently erupting or may erupt soon, dormant volcanoes that have not erupted for a long time, and extinct volcanoes that have not erupted for over 10,000 years. Volcanic eruptions produce rocks and lava that make soil fertile for farming and also provide geothermal energy for human use, but they can also endanger lives through hazards like lava and ash flows, bombs and clouds during an eruption.
Presentation of volcanoes
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust that allow lava, ash, and gases to escape from underground. There are several types of volcanoes defined by their activity level. An active volcano has erupted within the last 10,000 years, while a dormant volcano is considered active but is not currently erupting. An extinct volcano has not erupted for over 10,000 years. The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia was one of the most devastating eruptions in history. It exploded with huge ash plumes and pyroclastic flows that destroyed surrounding villages and darkened skies for over 1,000 miles. Mount Tambora had been dormant for centuries before its massive eruption, which was the largest known
Mountain eruptioned welsy an explanation text
Etna is Europe's most powerful and active volcano located on the east coast of Sicily. It has a height of 3,352 meters and its eruptions have destroyed homes and cities throughout history. Etna's activity is caused by the movement of the African tectonic plate pushing under the European plate, creating instability in the region. The volcano has undergone many eruptions over hundreds of thousands of years that have formed and reformed its central cone and crater structures. Recent eruptions have signaled a potential change in Etna's character towards becoming a more explosive and destructive volcano.
VOLCANO_WEEK 1and2.pptx
1. Volcanoes are natural openings in the Earth's crust where molten rock and gases erupt.
2. The Philippines has many active volcanoes due to its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire. Some of the most notable active volcanoes include Taal Volcano, Mount Mayon, and Bulusan.
3. Volcanoes are classified based on their eruption history as either active or inactive, and by their shape as shield, cinder cone, or composite volcanoes.
AQA A2 Geography
Plate tectonics theory proposes that the Earth's crust is divided into plates that move over time. Evidence for this includes matching geological formations between continents that have since drifted apart. The Earth has a solid inner core, liquid outer core, and mantle below the crust. Plates meet at boundaries that are either constructive, where plates move apart, or destructive, where plates converge. Earthquakes are often caused by stresses building up at plate boundaries. Volcanic activity commonly occurs near plate boundaries as well.
Volcano
This document provides information about volcanoes, including definitions, types, and eruption processes. It begins by defining a volcano and its key components. It then describes the three most common types of volcanoes - stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, and caldera volcanoes - and provides examples of each. It distinguishes between active, inactive, and potentially active volcanoes, and lists some of the most notable examples in the Philippines. Finally, it outlines different types of volcanic eruptions and describes the hazards they can produce, such as pyroclastic flows, volcanic bombs, and lahars.
Volcanoes 2
Volcanoes form when molten rock erupts from the earth's crust. There are several types of volcanoes including shield volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, composite volcanoes, caldera volcanoes, and fissure volcanoes. Volcanoes are most common along tectonic plate boundaries in the Pacific Ring of Fire and where convection currents in the mantle upwell. Eruptions occur via explosions that release underground gases and magma due to a decrease in pressure from earthquakes or other crustal shifts. Major eruptions can cause widespread destruction through lava flows, poisonous gases, ash falls, and landslides.
Mariana trench
The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the ocean located in the western Pacific Ocean near Japan. It contains Challenger Deep, which at over 11km deep is the lowest point on Earth. The trench formed as the Pacific Plate subducts under the Philippine Plate. It hosts unique ecosystems based on hydrothermal vents, with organisms adapted to survive in extreme cold and high pressure. While challenging to explore, several expeditions including Trieste (1960) and Nereus (2009) have visited Challenger Deep to study the unique geology and biology of the deepest known part of our planet.
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Mount tambora
- 1. Mount Tambora Geography Project By : Cindy
- 2. Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, on the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. *A stratovolcano, is a tall, conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash .Stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions and quiet eruptions. The lava that flows from stratovolcanoes typically cools and hardens before spreading far due to high viscosity.
- 3. Latitude: 8° 15" S Longitude: 118° E
- 4. How was Mount Tambora formed It was formed by the active subduction zone beneath it which raised the mountain as high as 4,300m making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago.
- 5. 1815 ERUPTION The eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 is noted to be one of the most powerful eruptions in historic times, Tambora caused tsunamis and days of darkness.It also caused the temperature to decrease ,and that year it was called the Year Without Summer. The volcanic eruption claimed as many as 117,000 lives in Indonesia alone, and subsequently killed hundreds of thousands of people across the Northern Hemisphere.
- 6. Is Mount Tambora still active? Scientific experiments have indicated that Tambora had been dormant for 5,000 years but magma had been building up in the chamber. This build- up had reached its limit in 1815(what was showed just know). Mount Tambora is still active. Minor lava domes and flows have been extruded on the caldera floor during the 19th and 20th centuries. The last eruption was recorded in 1967. However, it was a very small, non-explosive eruption
- 7. Benefits There is a lot of gold and copper mine which is good for mining business. The beaches there offer great surfing and diving places with lots of marine life. And products produced by inhabitants.