The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami was a magnitude 9.1-9.3 earthquake that occurred off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia on December 26, 2004, generating huge tsunami waves and causing over 230,000 confirmed deaths in 14 countries, with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and India experiencing the most deaths and damage to lives and property. The disaster devastated communities, destroyed fishing fleets and tourism industries in coastal areas, and caused long-term environmental impacts across the affected regions.

2.  The term tsunami comes from the Japanese 津波, tsu
mean harbour and nami mean wave.
 A series of water waves caused by the displacement of
a large volume of a body of water is known as tsunami.
 Tsunami waves do not resemble normal sea waves
because their wavelength is far longer.

3. Tsunamis cause damage by two mechanisms
 The smashing force of a wall of water travelling at high
speed,
 The destructive power of a large volume of water
While everyday wind waves have a wavelength of about
100 metres and a height of roughly 2 metres, a tsunami
in the deep ocean has a wavelength of about 200
kilometres. Such a wave travels at well over 800
kilometres per hour (500 mph).

6. Step 2
While a Tsunami is
Step 1 travelling is gains speed
A Tsunami is coursed by in the deeper water but it
Volcanos, earthquakes and is not as visible in the
Land slides deep water.
Step 4
Step 3
The waves
crashes on the The wave slows down in
beach or land. the shallow water and it
visible to see and it gains
height.
Step 5
After the Tsunami
with all the
destruction

7. Earthquake
Water column up and
down
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Tsunami

9. Get in a pool or the bath tub and put your hand a good
ways down and then pull it up quickly but not out of
the water, pull up strong but don't break the surface
and watch the result. Not exactly a tsunami, but a
simple version of the science.

10. Back
On December 26 ,
2004

12. # It was an undersea earthquake.
# Occurred on December 26, 2004 of magnitude 9.3 with an
epicentre off the west cost of Sumatra, Indonesia.
#Second deadliest earthquake of all time
observed up to 10 minutes

13. Date 26
December
2004
Magnitude 9.1–9.3 Mw[1]
Depth 30 km
Type Undersea
Indonesia
Countries or
Sri Lanka
regions
India
Thailand
Maldives
230,210 –
Casualties 280,000 deaths

15. In an opinion piece in The Wall Street Journal, published
five days after the tsunami, a journalist, Andrew
Browne, argued that the human destruction of coral
reefs may have played a role in exacerbating the
destruction caused by the tsunami. Many countries
across Asia, including Indonesia, Sri Lanka and
Bangladesh, have put forth efforts to destroy the coral
surrounding their beaches, and instead make way for
shrimp farms and other economic choices.

16. Country
where Confirmed Estimated1 Injured Missing Displaced
deaths
occurred
Indonesia 130,736 167,799 n/a 37,063 500,000+[55]
Sri Lanka 35,322[56] 35,322 21,411[56] n/a 516,150[56]
India 12,405 18,045 n/a 5,640 647,599
Thailand 5,3953[57] 8,212 8,457[58] 2,817[57] 7,000
Somalia 78 289[59] n/a n/a 5,000[60]
Myanmar 61 400–600[61] 45 200[62] 3,200
(Burma)
Maldives 82[63] 108[64] n/a 26 15,000+
Malaysia 68[65] 75 299[66] 6 n/a
Tanzania 10[67] 13 n/a n/a n/a

17. Seychelles 3[68] 3 57[68] n/a 200[69]
Bangladesh 2 2 n/a n/a n/a
South Africa 24[70] 2 n/a n/a n/a
Yemen 2[71] 2 n/a n/a n/a
Kenya 1 1 2 n/a n/a
Madagasca n/a n/a n/a n/a 1,000+[72]
Total ~184,167 ~230,273 ~125,000 ~45,752 ~1.69
million

20. Father cries as he
holds the hand of his
eight-year-old son
killed in a tsunami in
Cuddalore, 180 km
south of the Indian city
of Madras, December
27, 2004

21. Asitha Fernando, a nine-
year-old Sri Lankan
boy, mourns the death of
his mother in
Koralawella, south of
Colombo Sri Lanka
December 28, 2004 who
was killed when a tsunami
hit the area on Sunday

22. oThe two main occupations affected by the tsunami were
fishing and tourism.
oIn Sri Lanka artisanal fishery is an important source of
fish for local markets. industrial fishery is the major
economic activity, providing direct employment to about
250,000 people. . Preliminary estimates indicate that 66%
of the fishing f leet and industrial infrastructure have been
destroyed by the wave surges.
oBoth the earthquake and the tsunami have affected
shipping in the Malacca Straits, which separate Malaysia
and the Indonesian Island of Sumarta by changing the
depth of the seabed

23.  the Indian Ocean earthquake has
caused an enormous environmental
impact that will affect the region for
many years to come.
 severe damage has been inf licted
on ecosystems
the spread of solid and liquid waste and
industrial chemicals, water pollution and
the destruction of sewage collectors and
treatment plants threaten the
environment
 Sea Salt comes on soil and it is costly to
restore for agriculture , . It also causes
the death of plants and important soil
micro-organisms.

25.  Contact friends and family immediately if possible
 It is important to stay calm during evacuation. Further, it is also
important to remember that you should evacuate to a place of higher
ground.
 If you are in a school, college or university do what the staff tell you to.
 If you are on the beach or somewhere within a tsunami zone and feel
an earthquake, do not wait for a warning. Immediately move away from
the low lying area to a higher one. Keep in mind that if this occurs, you
may have only minutes to move to higher ground.
 In other words, stay calm but be quick! If there is a regional
earthquake, sometimes a warning will not be posted before the
tsunami hits home.

26.  Another well known precursor to a tsunami is that the
tide will often roll out extremely quickly and far. Know
this. However, if this occurs you likely have very little
time before the tsunami hits. So, evacuate to higher
ground immediately.
 6. If you are on the beach and an earthquake or some
other tsunami warning sign occurs, it may be prudent
to keep in mind that multi story hotels with concrete
reinforcement may provide a safe haven.

27. 1. If you are in the open ocean, do not
return to port.
2. If you are in port, it might be advisable
to communicate with the harbor
authority
3. owners of small boats advised to leave
their vessels and move to higher ground.
Owners of bigger boats will have to
decide whether they have the time and
desire to move their boat to deeper water
in a calm and orderly manner.