This paper introduces a new optimization method to determine the optimal allocation of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) in the distribution systems. UPQC is a versatile Custom Power Device (CPD) to solve problems related to voltage and current by the series and shunt compensator in the distribution systems. The task of UPQC highlighted in this paper is the required load reactive power is provided by both the series and shunt compensators. The UPQC’s steady state compensation capability has given a solution for providing reactive power compensation in large distribution systems. The optimization method adopted is Moth Flame Optimization (MFO). The best location and series compensator voltage are determined using MFO. The voltage injected by the series compensator and reactive power injected by the shunt compensator is incorporated in the load flow method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated with standard distribution systems.
Improvement of Power Quality using Fuzzy Logic Controller in Grid Connected P...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, the design of combined operation of UPQC and PV-ARRAY is designed. The proposed system is composed of series and shunt inverters connected back to back by a dc-link to which pv-array is connected. This system is able to compensate voltage and current related problems both in inter-connected mode and islanding mode by injecting active power to grid. The fundamental aspect is that the power electronic devices (PE) and sensitive equipments (SE) are normally designed to work in non-polluted power system, so they would suffer from malfunctions when supply voltage is not pure sinusoidal. Thus this proposed operating strategy with flexible operation mode improves the power quality of the grid system combining photovoltaic array with a control of unified power quality conditioner. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used in both three phase four leg inverters. A Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controllers are used for power quality improvement by reducing the distortions in the output power. The simulated results were compared among the two controller’s strategies With pi controller and fuzzy logic controller
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Comparison of PI and ANN Control Techniques for Nine Switches UPQC to Improve...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review on the UPQC to reinforce power quality. Typically this can be often speculated to gift a broad outline on the varied possible intelligent controls used with UPQC. The most purpose of a UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the
space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12 switches. In 9 switch UPQC converters given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of two methods. They are one is PI controller technique and other one is ANN controller technique. By contrast PI and ANN, ANN is better than PI for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network
(ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power-quality (PQ) devices. A whole simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality PI controller results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits, additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly ―converts‖ most of those topological short comings into
fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably designed management theme with PI and ANN with physical
phenomenon controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
Keywords: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC.
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with ...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract—A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually “converts” most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost.
Index Terms—Discontinuous pulse-width modulation, nine switch converter, power conditioner, power quality.
This document summarizes a study that proposes a new method to improve voltage profiles in power systems by determining optimal locations for reactive power compensation devices like capacitor banks. The method utilizes modal analysis and calculates a reactive participation index (RPI) to identify buses that would most effectively improve voltage levels when compensated. The method is tested on the South Sulawesi power system in Indonesia, identifying key under-voltage buses. Capacitors are added iteratively at the buses with the highest RPI until all voltages are within limits. The results demonstrate improved voltage profiles and increased stability compared to alternative configurations.
SIMULATION OF REDUCED SWITCH INVERTER BASED UPQC WITH FUZZY LOGIC AND ANN CON...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new methodology to reduce harmonic distortion in UPQC using artificial neural network
and fuzzy logic controller. So this paper main aim is improve power quality by using UPQC with ANN and FLC. The most purpose of the proposed (ANN & FLC) is capable of providing good static and dynamic performances compared to PI controller. The UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12
switches. In 9 switch UPQC converter given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of three methods. They are one is PI controller technique, ANN controller technique and FLC controller technique. By contrast PI, FLC and ANN, ANN is better than (FLC & PI) for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network (ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power quality (PQ) devices. A whole
simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality FLC & PI controller’s results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits,
additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized
dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly “converts” most of those topological short comings into fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses,
Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably
designed management theme with PI and ANN with Fuzzy logic controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
KEYWORDS: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC
IRJET- Analysis of Open Loop Distribution Static Compensator for Improvin...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the analysis and simulation of an open loop distribution static compensator (D-STATCOM) for improving power quality in a distribution system. Key points:
1. A D-STATCOM model is developed in MATLAB Simulink to compensate for reactive power demand from nonlinear and unbalanced loads, improve source power factor, and reduce total harmonic distortion in source currents.
2. Simulation results show that before compensation, source currents are unbalanced and distorted due to nonlinear loads. The D-STATCOM is able to maintain unity power factor at the source and mitigate harmonics after compensation.
3. Operating modes of the D-STATCOM include reactive power compensation to regulate voltage, and active power compensation
The document summarizes research on using a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) with a Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) to mitigate power quality issues for a welding load. It describes modeling a DVR system using MATLAB/Simulink to compensate for voltage sags, swells and total harmonic distortion (THD) injected at the source. Simulation results show the DVR is able to maintain a constant output voltage and current at the load during faults, regulating the voltage. The ZSI provides benefits like boosting the DC link voltage, reducing current and voltage ripples, and operating under short circuits. The control strategy uses sinusoidal pulse width modulation to generate gate pulses for the inverter.
Improvement of Power Quality using Fuzzy Logic Controller in Grid Connected P...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, the design of combined operation of UPQC and PV-ARRAY is designed. The proposed system is composed of series and shunt inverters connected back to back by a dc-link to which pv-array is connected. This system is able to compensate voltage and current related problems both in inter-connected mode and islanding mode by injecting active power to grid. The fundamental aspect is that the power electronic devices (PE) and sensitive equipments (SE) are normally designed to work in non-polluted power system, so they would suffer from malfunctions when supply voltage is not pure sinusoidal. Thus this proposed operating strategy with flexible operation mode improves the power quality of the grid system combining photovoltaic array with a control of unified power quality conditioner. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used in both three phase four leg inverters. A Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controllers are used for power quality improvement by reducing the distortions in the output power. The simulated results were compared among the two controller’s strategies With pi controller and fuzzy logic controller
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Comparison of PI and ANN Control Techniques for Nine Switches UPQC to Improve...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review on the UPQC to reinforce power quality. Typically this can be often speculated to gift a broad outline on the varied possible intelligent controls used with UPQC. The most purpose of a UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the
space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12 switches. In 9 switch UPQC converters given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of two methods. They are one is PI controller technique and other one is ANN controller technique. By contrast PI and ANN, ANN is better than PI for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network
(ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power-quality (PQ) devices. A whole simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality PI controller results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits, additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly ―converts‖ most of those topological short comings into
fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably designed management theme with PI and ANN with physical
phenomenon controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
Keywords: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC.
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with ...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract—A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually “converts” most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost.
Index Terms—Discontinuous pulse-width modulation, nine switch converter, power conditioner, power quality.
This document summarizes a study that proposes a new method to improve voltage profiles in power systems by determining optimal locations for reactive power compensation devices like capacitor banks. The method utilizes modal analysis and calculates a reactive participation index (RPI) to identify buses that would most effectively improve voltage levels when compensated. The method is tested on the South Sulawesi power system in Indonesia, identifying key under-voltage buses. Capacitors are added iteratively at the buses with the highest RPI until all voltages are within limits. The results demonstrate improved voltage profiles and increased stability compared to alternative configurations.
SIMULATION OF REDUCED SWITCH INVERTER BASED UPQC WITH FUZZY LOGIC AND ANN CON...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new methodology to reduce harmonic distortion in UPQC using artificial neural network
and fuzzy logic controller. So this paper main aim is improve power quality by using UPQC with ANN and FLC. The most purpose of the proposed (ANN & FLC) is capable of providing good static and dynamic performances compared to PI controller. The UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12
switches. In 9 switch UPQC converter given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of three methods. They are one is PI controller technique, ANN controller technique and FLC controller technique. By contrast PI, FLC and ANN, ANN is better than (FLC & PI) for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network (ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power quality (PQ) devices. A whole
simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality FLC & PI controller’s results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits,
additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized
dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly “converts” most of those topological short comings into fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses,
Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably
designed management theme with PI and ANN with Fuzzy logic controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
KEYWORDS: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC
IRJET- Analysis of Open Loop Distribution Static Compensator for Improvin...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the analysis and simulation of an open loop distribution static compensator (D-STATCOM) for improving power quality in a distribution system. Key points:
1. A D-STATCOM model is developed in MATLAB Simulink to compensate for reactive power demand from nonlinear and unbalanced loads, improve source power factor, and reduce total harmonic distortion in source currents.
2. Simulation results show that before compensation, source currents are unbalanced and distorted due to nonlinear loads. The D-STATCOM is able to maintain unity power factor at the source and mitigate harmonics after compensation.
3. Operating modes of the D-STATCOM include reactive power compensation to regulate voltage, and active power compensation
The document summarizes research on using a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) with a Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) to mitigate power quality issues for a welding load. It describes modeling a DVR system using MATLAB/Simulink to compensate for voltage sags, swells and total harmonic distortion (THD) injected at the source. Simulation results show the DVR is able to maintain a constant output voltage and current at the load during faults, regulating the voltage. The ZSI provides benefits like boosting the DC link voltage, reducing current and voltage ripples, and operating under short circuits. The control strategy uses sinusoidal pulse width modulation to generate gate pulses for the inverter.
Artificial neural network based unity power factor corrector for single phas...IJECEIAES
Due to the negative effects of the non-linear semiconductor devices and the passive electrical components (inductor and capacitor) in the converter circuits, and that are deteriorating the power factor (PF) and total harmonics distortion (THD) of grid current, this study proposes a novel unity PF correction controller based on a new algorithm of neural network to improve the performance of a single phase boost DC-DC converter with respect to the mentioned concerns. The controller guarantees stable load voltage. The PF corrector, firstly measures the phase shift between grid voltage and grid current waveforms, then through a new artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm, a suitable duty cycle is predicted to guide and control the converter to reduce the phase shift between grid voltage and grid current as possible to have maximum PF which is unity PF, and to improve the THD level of grid current. The proposed system is simulated and evaluated via Simulink of MATLAB, the simulation results are collected at constant duty cycle and at controlled duty cycle through the proposed PF controller using different loads. The presented PF controller guarantees the unity power factor, and enhances the grid alternating current THD.
This document discusses optimizing the energy production of an autonomous photovoltaic (PV) system with a simple charge regulator. The study determines the optimal open circuit voltage range of the PV field for 12V and 24V storage systems. Mathematical models are developed for PV modules, storage batteries, and charge regulators. Simulation results show that a PV field's open circuit voltage between 16-23V optimizes energy production for a 12V system, and between 34-43V for a 24V system, under standard test conditions. The optimal voltage ensures the intersection point between the PV and battery voltage-current characteristics is near the PV module's maximum power point.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document presents a control scheme for a D-STATCOM (distribution static compensator) to compensate for power factor and harmonic current in an electric power distribution system. It begins by introducing D-STATCOM technology and its role in providing reactive power support and voltage regulation on distribution feeders. It then describes the proposed control scheme, which is based on instantaneous power theory and aims to make the source current purely sinusoidal with unity power factor. Simulation results are presented comparing the proposed control scheme to an existing one, showing the new scheme achieves unity power factor compensation after a load is switched on.
Modified T-type topology of three-phase multi-level inverter for photovoltaic...IJECEIAES
In this article, a three-phase multilevel neutral-point-clamped inverter with a modified t-type structure of switches is proposed. A pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme of the proposed inverter is also developed. The proposed topology of the multilevel inverter has the advantage of being simple, on the one hand since it does contain only semiconductors in reduced number (corresponding to the number of required voltage levels), and no other components such as switching or flying capacitors, and on the other hand, the control scheme is much simpler and more suitable for variable frequency and voltage control. The performances of this inverter are analyzed through simulations carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink environment on a threephase inverter with 9 levels. In all simulations, the proposed topology is connected with R-load or RL-load without any output filter.
NON-ISOLATED SOFT SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER AND LOAD AT FULL RANGE OF ZVS IAEME Publication
A non isolated soft switching DC–DC converter and load at full range of zero-voltage
switching (ZVS) characteristic is proposed. The proposed converter consists of an auxiliary circuit,
an inductor, two switches, and 2 diodes to achieving high efficiency at full range of load. At low
and heavy loads, ZVS of switching device is achieved by energy storing component. The inductor
energy stored varies with load and hence results in minimizes conduction loss. This leads to
switching of device for full range of load. The proposed DC - DC converter achieves high
efficiency as switching loss is reduced due to soft switching and ZVS operation which severe to
reduce conduction loss. The efficiency is improved about 4% in boost mode (2.5% in buck mode) at
full range of load. To verify the performance of the proposed converter, experimental results
prototype are presented.
Integration of Unified Power Quality Controller with DGIJRST Journal
This paper proposes integrating a Unified Power Quality Controller (UPQC) with a distributed generator (DG). The UPQC consists of series and shunt inverters connected to a common DC link, and can compensate for power quality issues like voltage sags/swells, harmonics, and reactive power. Integrating a DG connected through a rectifier to the DC link allows the system to operate in two modes: interconnected mode where the DG supplies power to the source and load, and islanding mode where the DG only supplies the load during a source voltage interruption. Simulations show the integrated system can compensate for voltage sags and swells in both forward and reverse power flow modes between the DG and
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Improvement the voltage stability margin of Iraqi power system using the opti...IJECEIAES
The detection of potential voltage collapse in power systems is essential to maintain the voltage stability in heavy load demand. This paper proposes a method to detect weak buses in power systems using two stability indices: the voltage stability margin factor (dS/dY) and the voltage collapse prediction index (VCPI). Hence, the paper aims to improve the voltage stability of Iraqi transmission grid by allocating FACTS devices in the optimal locations and optimal sizes. Two types of FACTS are used in this paper which are Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) and static var compensator (SVC). The objective function of the problem is fitted using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The proposed method is verified using simulation test on Diyala-132 kV network which is a part of the Iraqi power system. The results observed that improvement the voltage stability margin, the voltage profile of Diyala-132 kV is increased and the power losses is decreased.
Neural Network based p-q-r Theory for Harmonic Reduction and Neutral Current ...IJECEIAES
This document presents a neural network (NN) based p-q-r control strategy for a distributed static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) in a three-phase four-wire (3P4W) distribution system. The DSTATCOM integrates a three-phase four-leg voltage source converter with a DC capacitor. The control strategy uses two artificial neural network controllers - one to calculate reference signals for the three-phase three-wire shunt active power filter, and another to produce reference signals for the single-phase active power filter to mitigate neutral current under unbalanced conditions. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink validate the effectiveness of the NN based control algorithm in reducing total harmonic distortion, compensating reactive power
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new control approach for unified power quality conditioners (UPQC) called UPQC-S. The UPQC-S allows the series inverter of the UPQC to simultaneously compensate for voltage sags/swells and support reactive power needs of the load. This is accomplished through active power control and power angle control (PAC) theory. The paper provides mathematical analysis to extend the PAC approach for the UPQC-S. Simulation and experimental results validate that the UPQC-S can effectively compensate voltage disturbances while sharing reactive power load between the inverters.
The document describes a study investigating the design and performance of a photovoltaic system acting as a static synchronous compensator (PV-STATCOM) to enhance power quality in a microgrid application. Key components of the PV-STATCOM design are described, including the voltage source converter, DC bus capacitor, interfacing inductor, and control strategy using proportional-integral and hysteresis current controllers. Simulation results in MATLAB show the PV-STATCOM effectively mitigating current harmonics from nonlinear loads and injecting compensating current to improve power quality from 0.1 to 0.2 seconds as demonstrated in the current and voltage waveforms.
Power Quality Enhancement using DSTATCOM by Immune Feedback Control Algorithmijtsrd
This paper proposes an immune feedback control algorithm for a three phase distribution static compensator DSTATCOM to mitigate several power quality problems such as harmonics, reactive power, and load unbalancing at distribution level. This control algorithm proposed for DSTATCOM, is validated for maintaining power factor to unity, load balancing, and harmonics reduction of supply currents. In this application, the proposed control algorithm on a DSTATCOM is implemented for the compensation of nonlinear loads. The simulations were performed in the environment of MATLAB SIMULINK. P. Thirumala | K. Mahesh "Power Quality Enhancement using DSTATCOM by Immune Feedback Control Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29812.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29812/power-quality-enhancement-using-dstatcom-by-immune-feedback-control-algorithm/p-thirumala
Hybrid bypass technique to mitigate leakage current in the grid-tied inverterIJECEIAES
The extensive use of fossil fuel is destroying the balance of nature that could lead to many problems in the forthcoming era. Renewable energy resources are a ray of hope to avoid possible destruction. Smart grid and distributed power generation systems are now mainly built with the help of renewable energy resources. The integration of renewable energy production system with the smart grid and distributed power generation is facing many challenges that include addressing the issue of isolation and power quality. This paper presents a new approach to address the aforementioned issues by proposing a hybrid bypass technique concept to improve the overall performance of the grid-tied inverter in solar power generation. The topology with the proposed technique is presented using traditional H5, oH5 and H6 inverter. Comparison of topologies with literature is carried out to check the feasibility of the method proposed. It is found that the leakage current of all the proposed inverters is 9 mA and total harmonic distortion is almost about 2%. The proposed topology has good efficiency, common mode and differential mode characteristics.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
POWER STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A UNIFIED POWER FLOW C...IJITE
The unified power quality conditioner is the equipment used for regulated voltage distortion and voltage
unbalance in a power system. UPFC can enhance the power to flow through the transmission system by
controlling the power flow and voltage stability of the transmission line within their limits. This paper
presents a control scheme and Theoretical derivation of the unified power flow conditioner and the
simulation results are compared and contrasted in detail. UPFC is a combination of shunt Active and
series active power filters. UPFC contains a DC link capacitor in a single-phase voltage source inverter
with two back to back connected, three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire are arranged. The
fundamental target of this work is to determine the causes and impacts of power quality problems,
specifically voltage sag, voltage swell, power factor, and Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) and enhance
the power quality of a transmission system by UPFC based Transformative Intrinsic Algorithm (TIA). The
Simulation of the proposed method is developed by Mat lab Simulink software, and the simulation result
shows, the proposed method gives better solutions to control the power imbalance in the distribution
system with its cost-effectiveness.
This paper focus on distribution system by applying different control techniques in order to improve the performance of the system. In the distribution system mainly concentrate on power quality issues like reactive power control, harmonic elimination, power factor correction, etc. Because of power quality problems voltage, current, frequency are continuously changing in power systems. These changes will effects the performance of power systems. Power quality problems can be compensated by placing DSTATCOM which is connected at PCC in parallel. It is shunt connected VSI along with the filters, with the help of DSTATCOM voltage sag, swell and THD can be controlled. This paper presents detailed explanation about performance and configuration of latest control techniques to control the DSTATCOM.
IRJET - Review Paper on RSC-MLC Base Smart PV-DSTATCOM for Multi Objective Pu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using a Real Switch Count Multi-Level Converter (RSC-MLC) based smart PV-DSTATCOM for multiple objectives including improving power quality, compensating reactive power flow, and optimizing the DC link voltage. A DSTATCOM uses a voltage source converter to inject current and control reactive power flow. The proposed method uses an RSC-MLC to regulate the DC link voltage from a PV source, reducing voltage stress on switches and minimizing losses. It can supply solar power to loads and compensate reactive power with battery support when solar power is unavailable. The document reviews related work on DSTATCOM control and applications and provides details on controlling the proposed RSC-MLC based PV-
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Comparative Analysis of Power Quality Enhancement of Distribution System usin...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of using a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) to improve power quality in a 16-bus distribution system. A UPQC combines series and shunt active power filters to mitigate both voltage and current-based power quality issues. The document describes the components and control strategies of a UPQC. It then models a UPQC connected to the 16-bus system and compares the performance of using different controller types for the UPQC: proportional-integral (PI) controller, neural network, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The modeling results show the effectiveness of a UPQC in enhancing power quality by reducing issues like voltage sag, harmonics, and interruptions.
IRJET- Load Balancing using Fact DevicesIRJET Journal
This document discusses load balancing in distribution systems using FACTS devices. It begins with an introduction to load balancing challenges in distribution systems due to varying and uneven loads over time and location. FACTS devices like D-STATCOM can be used to balance loads by injecting compensating currents. The document then presents the control circuit used for D-STATCOM, which generates reference currents based on instantaneous real and reactive power calculations. A simulation model is shown demonstrating how D-STATCOM can balance an unbalanced and non-linear load, reducing total harmonic distortion. In conclusion, D-STATCOM is an effective FACTS device for distribution system load balancing and power quality improvement.
IRJET- Design and Performance Analysis of Three-Phase Solar PV Integrated UPQCIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study on the design and performance analysis of a three-phase solar PV integrated unified power quality conditioner (UPQC).
2) The UPQC consists of series and shunt compensators connected back-to-back via a common DC link to improve power quality issues like voltage sag/swell and current harmonics. Solar PV is integrated to provide clean energy and regulate the DC link voltage.
3) Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the UPQC successfully compensates for voltage sag/swell at the load terminal and regulates the load voltage during disturbances, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving power quality.
Artificial neural network based unity power factor corrector for single phas...IJECEIAES
Due to the negative effects of the non-linear semiconductor devices and the passive electrical components (inductor and capacitor) in the converter circuits, and that are deteriorating the power factor (PF) and total harmonics distortion (THD) of grid current, this study proposes a novel unity PF correction controller based on a new algorithm of neural network to improve the performance of a single phase boost DC-DC converter with respect to the mentioned concerns. The controller guarantees stable load voltage. The PF corrector, firstly measures the phase shift between grid voltage and grid current waveforms, then through a new artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm, a suitable duty cycle is predicted to guide and control the converter to reduce the phase shift between grid voltage and grid current as possible to have maximum PF which is unity PF, and to improve the THD level of grid current. The proposed system is simulated and evaluated via Simulink of MATLAB, the simulation results are collected at constant duty cycle and at controlled duty cycle through the proposed PF controller using different loads. The presented PF controller guarantees the unity power factor, and enhances the grid alternating current THD.
This document discusses optimizing the energy production of an autonomous photovoltaic (PV) system with a simple charge regulator. The study determines the optimal open circuit voltage range of the PV field for 12V and 24V storage systems. Mathematical models are developed for PV modules, storage batteries, and charge regulators. Simulation results show that a PV field's open circuit voltage between 16-23V optimizes energy production for a 12V system, and between 34-43V for a 24V system, under standard test conditions. The optimal voltage ensures the intersection point between the PV and battery voltage-current characteristics is near the PV module's maximum power point.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document presents a control scheme for a D-STATCOM (distribution static compensator) to compensate for power factor and harmonic current in an electric power distribution system. It begins by introducing D-STATCOM technology and its role in providing reactive power support and voltage regulation on distribution feeders. It then describes the proposed control scheme, which is based on instantaneous power theory and aims to make the source current purely sinusoidal with unity power factor. Simulation results are presented comparing the proposed control scheme to an existing one, showing the new scheme achieves unity power factor compensation after a load is switched on.
Modified T-type topology of three-phase multi-level inverter for photovoltaic...IJECEIAES
In this article, a three-phase multilevel neutral-point-clamped inverter with a modified t-type structure of switches is proposed. A pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme of the proposed inverter is also developed. The proposed topology of the multilevel inverter has the advantage of being simple, on the one hand since it does contain only semiconductors in reduced number (corresponding to the number of required voltage levels), and no other components such as switching or flying capacitors, and on the other hand, the control scheme is much simpler and more suitable for variable frequency and voltage control. The performances of this inverter are analyzed through simulations carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink environment on a threephase inverter with 9 levels. In all simulations, the proposed topology is connected with R-load or RL-load without any output filter.
NON-ISOLATED SOFT SWITCHING DC-DC CONVERTER AND LOAD AT FULL RANGE OF ZVS IAEME Publication
A non isolated soft switching DC–DC converter and load at full range of zero-voltage
switching (ZVS) characteristic is proposed. The proposed converter consists of an auxiliary circuit,
an inductor, two switches, and 2 diodes to achieving high efficiency at full range of load. At low
and heavy loads, ZVS of switching device is achieved by energy storing component. The inductor
energy stored varies with load and hence results in minimizes conduction loss. This leads to
switching of device for full range of load. The proposed DC - DC converter achieves high
efficiency as switching loss is reduced due to soft switching and ZVS operation which severe to
reduce conduction loss. The efficiency is improved about 4% in boost mode (2.5% in buck mode) at
full range of load. To verify the performance of the proposed converter, experimental results
prototype are presented.
Integration of Unified Power Quality Controller with DGIJRST Journal
This paper proposes integrating a Unified Power Quality Controller (UPQC) with a distributed generator (DG). The UPQC consists of series and shunt inverters connected to a common DC link, and can compensate for power quality issues like voltage sags/swells, harmonics, and reactive power. Integrating a DG connected through a rectifier to the DC link allows the system to operate in two modes: interconnected mode where the DG supplies power to the source and load, and islanding mode where the DG only supplies the load during a source voltage interruption. Simulations show the integrated system can compensate for voltage sags and swells in both forward and reverse power flow modes between the DG and
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Improvement the voltage stability margin of Iraqi power system using the opti...IJECEIAES
The detection of potential voltage collapse in power systems is essential to maintain the voltage stability in heavy load demand. This paper proposes a method to detect weak buses in power systems using two stability indices: the voltage stability margin factor (dS/dY) and the voltage collapse prediction index (VCPI). Hence, the paper aims to improve the voltage stability of Iraqi transmission grid by allocating FACTS devices in the optimal locations and optimal sizes. Two types of FACTS are used in this paper which are Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) and static var compensator (SVC). The objective function of the problem is fitted using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The proposed method is verified using simulation test on Diyala-132 kV network which is a part of the Iraqi power system. The results observed that improvement the voltage stability margin, the voltage profile of Diyala-132 kV is increased and the power losses is decreased.
Neural Network based p-q-r Theory for Harmonic Reduction and Neutral Current ...IJECEIAES
This document presents a neural network (NN) based p-q-r control strategy for a distributed static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) in a three-phase four-wire (3P4W) distribution system. The DSTATCOM integrates a three-phase four-leg voltage source converter with a DC capacitor. The control strategy uses two artificial neural network controllers - one to calculate reference signals for the three-phase three-wire shunt active power filter, and another to produce reference signals for the single-phase active power filter to mitigate neutral current under unbalanced conditions. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink validate the effectiveness of the NN based control algorithm in reducing total harmonic distortion, compensating reactive power
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new control approach for unified power quality conditioners (UPQC) called UPQC-S. The UPQC-S allows the series inverter of the UPQC to simultaneously compensate for voltage sags/swells and support reactive power needs of the load. This is accomplished through active power control and power angle control (PAC) theory. The paper provides mathematical analysis to extend the PAC approach for the UPQC-S. Simulation and experimental results validate that the UPQC-S can effectively compensate voltage disturbances while sharing reactive power load between the inverters.
The document describes a study investigating the design and performance of a photovoltaic system acting as a static synchronous compensator (PV-STATCOM) to enhance power quality in a microgrid application. Key components of the PV-STATCOM design are described, including the voltage source converter, DC bus capacitor, interfacing inductor, and control strategy using proportional-integral and hysteresis current controllers. Simulation results in MATLAB show the PV-STATCOM effectively mitigating current harmonics from nonlinear loads and injecting compensating current to improve power quality from 0.1 to 0.2 seconds as demonstrated in the current and voltage waveforms.
Power Quality Enhancement using DSTATCOM by Immune Feedback Control Algorithmijtsrd
This paper proposes an immune feedback control algorithm for a three phase distribution static compensator DSTATCOM to mitigate several power quality problems such as harmonics, reactive power, and load unbalancing at distribution level. This control algorithm proposed for DSTATCOM, is validated for maintaining power factor to unity, load balancing, and harmonics reduction of supply currents. In this application, the proposed control algorithm on a DSTATCOM is implemented for the compensation of nonlinear loads. The simulations were performed in the environment of MATLAB SIMULINK. P. Thirumala | K. Mahesh "Power Quality Enhancement using DSTATCOM by Immune Feedback Control Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29812.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29812/power-quality-enhancement-using-dstatcom-by-immune-feedback-control-algorithm/p-thirumala
Hybrid bypass technique to mitigate leakage current in the grid-tied inverterIJECEIAES
The extensive use of fossil fuel is destroying the balance of nature that could lead to many problems in the forthcoming era. Renewable energy resources are a ray of hope to avoid possible destruction. Smart grid and distributed power generation systems are now mainly built with the help of renewable energy resources. The integration of renewable energy production system with the smart grid and distributed power generation is facing many challenges that include addressing the issue of isolation and power quality. This paper presents a new approach to address the aforementioned issues by proposing a hybrid bypass technique concept to improve the overall performance of the grid-tied inverter in solar power generation. The topology with the proposed technique is presented using traditional H5, oH5 and H6 inverter. Comparison of topologies with literature is carried out to check the feasibility of the method proposed. It is found that the leakage current of all the proposed inverters is 9 mA and total harmonic distortion is almost about 2%. The proposed topology has good efficiency, common mode and differential mode characteristics.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
POWER STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A UNIFIED POWER FLOW C...IJITE
The unified power quality conditioner is the equipment used for regulated voltage distortion and voltage
unbalance in a power system. UPFC can enhance the power to flow through the transmission system by
controlling the power flow and voltage stability of the transmission line within their limits. This paper
presents a control scheme and Theoretical derivation of the unified power flow conditioner and the
simulation results are compared and contrasted in detail. UPFC is a combination of shunt Active and
series active power filters. UPFC contains a DC link capacitor in a single-phase voltage source inverter
with two back to back connected, three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire are arranged. The
fundamental target of this work is to determine the causes and impacts of power quality problems,
specifically voltage sag, voltage swell, power factor, and Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) and enhance
the power quality of a transmission system by UPFC based Transformative Intrinsic Algorithm (TIA). The
Simulation of the proposed method is developed by Mat lab Simulink software, and the simulation result
shows, the proposed method gives better solutions to control the power imbalance in the distribution
system with its cost-effectiveness.
This paper focus on distribution system by applying different control techniques in order to improve the performance of the system. In the distribution system mainly concentrate on power quality issues like reactive power control, harmonic elimination, power factor correction, etc. Because of power quality problems voltage, current, frequency are continuously changing in power systems. These changes will effects the performance of power systems. Power quality problems can be compensated by placing DSTATCOM which is connected at PCC in parallel. It is shunt connected VSI along with the filters, with the help of DSTATCOM voltage sag, swell and THD can be controlled. This paper presents detailed explanation about performance and configuration of latest control techniques to control the DSTATCOM.
IRJET - Review Paper on RSC-MLC Base Smart PV-DSTATCOM for Multi Objective Pu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using a Real Switch Count Multi-Level Converter (RSC-MLC) based smart PV-DSTATCOM for multiple objectives including improving power quality, compensating reactive power flow, and optimizing the DC link voltage. A DSTATCOM uses a voltage source converter to inject current and control reactive power flow. The proposed method uses an RSC-MLC to regulate the DC link voltage from a PV source, reducing voltage stress on switches and minimizing losses. It can supply solar power to loads and compensate reactive power with battery support when solar power is unavailable. The document reviews related work on DSTATCOM control and applications and provides details on controlling the proposed RSC-MLC based PV-
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Comparative Analysis of Power Quality Enhancement of Distribution System usin...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of using a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) to improve power quality in a 16-bus distribution system. A UPQC combines series and shunt active power filters to mitigate both voltage and current-based power quality issues. The document describes the components and control strategies of a UPQC. It then models a UPQC connected to the 16-bus system and compares the performance of using different controller types for the UPQC: proportional-integral (PI) controller, neural network, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The modeling results show the effectiveness of a UPQC in enhancing power quality by reducing issues like voltage sag, harmonics, and interruptions.
IRJET- Load Balancing using Fact DevicesIRJET Journal
This document discusses load balancing in distribution systems using FACTS devices. It begins with an introduction to load balancing challenges in distribution systems due to varying and uneven loads over time and location. FACTS devices like D-STATCOM can be used to balance loads by injecting compensating currents. The document then presents the control circuit used for D-STATCOM, which generates reference currents based on instantaneous real and reactive power calculations. A simulation model is shown demonstrating how D-STATCOM can balance an unbalanced and non-linear load, reducing total harmonic distortion. In conclusion, D-STATCOM is an effective FACTS device for distribution system load balancing and power quality improvement.
IRJET- Design and Performance Analysis of Three-Phase Solar PV Integrated UPQCIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study on the design and performance analysis of a three-phase solar PV integrated unified power quality conditioner (UPQC).
2) The UPQC consists of series and shunt compensators connected back-to-back via a common DC link to improve power quality issues like voltage sag/swell and current harmonics. Solar PV is integrated to provide clean energy and regulate the DC link voltage.
3) Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the UPQC successfully compensates for voltage sag/swell at the load terminal and regulates the load voltage during disturbances, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving power quality.
Influence of Static VAR Compensator for Undervoltage Load Shedding to Avoid V...IJAPEJOURNAL
In the recent years, operation of power systems at lower stability margins has increased the importance of system protection methods that protect the system stability against various disturbances. Among these methods, the load shedding serves as an effective and last-resort tool to prevent system frequency/voltage instability. The analysis of recent blackouts suggests that voltage collapse and voltage-related problems are also important concerns in maintaining system stability. For this reason, voltage also needs to be taken into account in load shedding schemes. This paper considers both parameters in designing a load shedding scheme to determine the amount of load to be shed and its appropriate location .The amount of load to be shed from each bus is decided using the fixed step size method and it’s location has been identified by using voltage collapse proximity index method. SVC is shunt connected FACTS device used to improve the voltage profile of the system. In this paper impact of SVC on load shedding for IEEE 14 bus system has been presented and analyzed.
IRJET- Enhancement of Power Flow Capability in Power System using UPFC- A RevieWIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) to enhance power flow capability in power systems. The UPFC is a flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device that can control both real and reactive power flows on a transmission line. It consists of two voltage source converters connected by a DC link: a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). The STATCOM controls reactive power and the DC link voltage, while the SSSC injects a controlled AC voltage in series with the transmission line to vary the transmission line impedance and power flow. Simulation results show that a UPFC installed on the IEEE 5 bus test system can control power flows and
This document presents a modified controller for a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) that adds static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) functionality. The modified controller provides additional benefits like reactive power compensation at the grid side through voltage regulation, in addition to voltage regulation at the load side. It discusses the configuration of traditional UPQC and interline UPQC (iUPQC), and how the modified controller for iUPQC is developed using Park's transformation. It incorporates a QSTATCOM component in the controller to provide grid voltage regulation capabilities. The controller inputs and outputs are described. The series converter synthesizes the current drawn from the grid, while the shunt converter synthesizes the voltage at the load terminal.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Advance Technology in Application of Four Leg Inverters to UPQCIJPEDS-IAES
This article presents a novel application of four leg inverter with
conventional Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Scheme to
Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). The Power Quality problem
became burning issues since the starting of high voltage AC transmission
system. Hence, in this article it has been discussed to mitigate the PQ issues
in high voltage AC systems through a three phase Unified Power Quality
Conditioner (UPQC) under various conditions, such as harmonic mitigation
scheme, non linear loads, sag and swell conditions as well. Also, it proposes
to control harmoincs with various artificial intelligent techniques. Thus
application of these control technique such as Neural Networks (ANN)
Fuzzy Logic makes the system performance in par with the standards
and also compared with existing system. The simulation results based on
MATLAB/Simulink are discussed in detail to support the concept developed
in the paper.
Harmonic analysis and Power factor improvement with UPQC under two Novel cont...IJERA Editor
This paper presents unified power quality conditioner (UPQC)for power quality improvements in terms of
harmonics compensation and power factor correction in a three-phase four-wire distribution system.The UPQC
is implemented with PWM controlled voltage source converter (VSC) and switching patterns are generated
through Indirect PI and Synchronous Reference Frame controller. The selected topology for voltage source
converter is the three-leg and six-leg VSC for Indirect PI and Synchronous reference frame (SRF) control
strategies respectively. The behavior of UPQC has been analyzed by considering a case study with switching of
three phase half bridge diode rectifier and a parallel star connected unbalanced R-L loads. Harmonic spectrum
of the source current and load voltage are compared in between without UPQC and with UPQC by considering
both control strategies. The complete system has been modeled using MATLAB software with its stimulus’s
sim power system toolboxes.
This document describes a control scheme for a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) to improve power quality. The UPQC integrates series and shunt active filters connected back-to-back via a common DC link capacitor. It compensates for power quality issues like sags, swells, harmonics, reactive power, and imbalance. The control scheme uses hysteresis control for the shunt active filter to regulate the DC link voltage and compensate for load harmonics and reactive power. For the series active filter, the control scheme determines the appropriate voltage to inject to make the load voltages balanced and distortion-free while maintaining the desired magnitude. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Augmentation of Real & Reactive Power in Grid by Unified Power Flow ControllerIJERA Editor
In this paper, a Power Flow Control in transmission line with respect to voltage condition (L-G, L-L-G, L-L)
over come by using unified power flow controller. The existing system employs UPFC with transformer less
connection with both series and shunt converter. This converter have been cascaded with multilevel inverters
which is more complicated to enhance the performance of UPFC.A proposed system consist of three terminal
transformer for shunt converter and six terminal transformer for series converter. Shunt converter & series
converter is coupled with common DC capacitor. DC link capacitor voltage is maintained using PID controller
and synchronous reference frame theory (SRF) is used to generate reference voltage & current signal.
Simulation studies are carried out for (L-G, L-L-G, L-L real & reactive power compensation results will be
shown in this paper)
Artificial Intelligence Technique based Reactive Power Planning Incorporating...IDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using artificial intelligence techniques and FACTS controllers for reactive power planning in real-time power transmission systems. The paper formulates the reactive power planning problem and incorporates flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices like static VAR compensators (SVC), thyristor controlled series capacitors (TCSC), and unified power flow controllers (UPFC). Evolutionary algorithms like evolutionary programming (EP) and differential evolution (DE) are applied to find the optimal locations and settings of the FACTS controllers to minimize losses and costs. Simulation results on IEEE 30-bus and 72-bus Indian test systems show that UPFC performs best in reducing losses compared to SVC and TCSC.
Performance Improvement of the Radial Distribution System by using Switched C...idescitation
Distribution system is the major link which provides supply to the consumers
from the high voltage transmission system. The load on the distribution system is not
constant and it changes with respect to time throughout the working period. The voltage
drop and power losses occur in the distribution system mainly depends on the nature of the
load which is applied on the system. The voltage drop and power losses frequently occurs
mainly on those systems which are supplying load to the industrial areas, this is mainly
because of the existence of more reactive power. To overcome these problems shunt
compensation is employed to reduce or suppress those effects to an extent. The main aim of
this paper is to determine the specific value of the shunt capacitance required to achieve the
permissible voltage tolerance limits and maximum percentage of power loss reduction in a
sample two feeder radial distribution system.
An Improved UPQC Controller to Provide Grid-Voltage RegulationIJMTST Journal
In this paper presents an improved controller for the dual topology of the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) extending its capability in power quality compensation, as well as in micro-grid applications. By the use of this controller, beyond the conventional UPQC power quality features including voltage sag/swell compensation, the iUPQC will also compensate reactive power support to regulate not only the load-bus voltage, but also the voltage at the grid-side bus. We can say, the iUPQC will work as a STATCOM at the grid side, while providing also the conventional UPQC compensations at the load terminal or micro-grid side. Experimental results are provided to verify the new functionality of the equipment.
Optimal siting and sizing of unified power flow controller using sensitivity...IJECEIAES
This paper presents Sensitivity constrained placement of unified power flow controller (UPFC) considering active-power flow sensitive index (APFSI) and static voltage stability index (STATIC-VSI) to minimize active-power losses and to improve power transmission capacity. The sensitive factors are derived with respect to voltage, phase angle and current to formulate APFSI. Transmission line impedance parameters along with active and reactivepower flow measurements are considered to formulate static-VSI. Sensitivity constrained differential evolutionary (SCDE) algorithm is proposed for parameter setting through which power control and minimization of losses in system can be achieved. Testing is performed on IEEE-5, 14 and 30-bus networks in MATLAB and results indicate that SCDE is robust optimization technique compared to conventional method and genetic algorithm (GA).
Improvement of Power Quality by using Injection Super Capacitor UPQC for BLDC...IJMTST Journal
This paper presents the operation of unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) as a universal active power
conditioning device to mitigate both current as well as voltage distortions at a distribution end of power
system network. The UPQC is designed by combining a series active power filter and shunt active power filter
which shares a common DC link capacitor and series active filter mitigate the voltage related harmonics in
power supply side and shunt active filters are mitigate the current related harmonics of non linear loads.
UPQC mitigate the harmonics and other harmonic sensitive loads. Among from them unified power quality
conditioner was widely studied by different controllers and we applied to BLDC motor for updating of load
characteristics that improve the power quality in distribution side.
IRJET-Power Flow & Voltage Stability Analysis using MATLAB IRJET Journal
This document presents a MATLAB program for power flow analysis and voltage stability analysis of power systems. It begins with an introduction to power flow analysis and its importance. It then discusses voltage stability concepts like voltage collapse and improvement methods. The methodology section describes the Newton-Raphson power flow method and P-V and Q-V curves used for voltage stability analysis. It also provides the algorithm and case study details for the IEEE 14 bus system implemented in MATLAB. The program allows for power flow solutions, calculation of P-V and Q-V curves, and voltage stability assessment of power systems.
Power Flow & Voltage Stability Analysis using MATLAB IRJET Journal
This document presents a MATLAB program for power flow analysis and voltage stability analysis of power systems. It begins with an introduction to power flow analysis and its importance. It then discusses voltage stability concepts like voltage collapse and improvement methods. The methodology section describes the Newton-Raphson power flow method and P-V and Q-V curves used for voltage stability analysis. It also provides the algorithm and case study details for the IEEE 14 bus system implemented in MATLAB. The program allows for power flow solutions, calculation of P-V and Q-V curves, and voltage stability assessment of power systems.
Power quality improvement using fuzzy logic controller based unified power fl...nooriasukmaningtyas
The power quality of the electrical system is an important issue for industrial, commercial, and housing uses. An increasing request for high quality electrical power and an increasing number of distorting loads had led to increase the consideration of power quality by customers and utilities. The development and use of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTs) controllers in power transmission systems had led to many applications of these controllers. A unified power flow controller (UPFC) is one of the FACTs elements which is used to control both active and reactive power flow of the transmission line. This paper tried to improve power quality using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based UPFC, where it used to control both active and reactive power flow, decreas the total harmonic distortion (THD), correct power factor, regulate line voltage and enhance transient stability. A comparison study of the performance between the system with a conventional PID controller and FLC has been done. The theoretical analysis has been proved by implementing the system using MATLAB/SIMULINK package.
Similar to Moth Flame Optimization Method for Unified Power Quality Conditioner Allocation (20)
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
2. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Moth Flame Optimization Method for Unified Power Quality Conditioner… (M. Laxmidevi Ramanaiah)
531
The most common classification of UPQC is based on voltage compensation methods. These
include UPQC-P (active power injection), UPQC-Q (reactive power injection), UPQC-S (active and reactive
power injection) and UPQC-VAmin (minimum apparent power injection). Another classification is based on
the physical structure. These include UPQC-R (right shunt), UPQC-L (left shunt), UPQC-I (interline)
UPQC-MC (multi-converter), UPQC-MD (modular), UPQC-ML (multi-level), UPQC-D (distributed) and
UPQC-DG (distributed generator integration).
In this paper, the application of UPQC for improving the voltage is realized for large distribution
system by way of utilizing the series compensator i.e. DVR. The problem with UPQC placement has been
solved by numerous methods as detailed in [8-12].
Boutebel et al. [8] has used the hybrid optimization technique combining differential evolution and
PSO for determining the optimal sizing and location of the UPQC device in radial distribution systems.
Ganguly et al. [9] has introduced the phase angle control model of UPQC known as UPQC–PAC to validate
the concept of maximal utilization of series inverter. The series inverter also shares the load reactive power
along with the shunt inverter in steady state conditions, leading to a decrease in the rating of shunt inverter.
Atma Ram Gupta et al. [10] has modeled the shunt compensator as the source of 1 MVAr reactive power and
by assuming the voltage at the candidate bus as 1 p.u. The value of series reactive power compensation is
calculated in the steady state. The total power losses are calculated by placing the acquired size of UPQC at
the respective buses. The bus having the minimum value of losses is selected as candidate bus for UPQC
installation. M. Hosseini et.al [11] has demonstrated the effectiveness of UPQC to improve steady state
voltage. S. A. Taher et.al [12] has used Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm to decide the optimal location
of unified power quality conditioner for different loading conditions and also the savings with UPQC are
obtained. DE results are compared with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Immune Algorithm (IA).
This paper also explores the capability of series and shunt compensator of UPQC to participate in
load reactive power compensation in steady state by a new Optimization method known as a Moth Flame
Optimization method. The losses and voltages for the network are obtained with the load flow method
described in the following section
2. RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM LOAD FLOW
Load flow is an important tool to assess the performance of the distribution system. S. D. Chiang
et.al [13] has developed decoupled and fast decoupled load flow method. S. Ghosh et al. [14] has developed a
load flow method based on estimation of effective real and reactive power loads. J. H. Teng et.al [15] has
proposed two matrices Bus Injection to Branch Current (BIBC) and Branch Current to Bus Voltage (BCBV)
to solve the load flow equations.
Here the active power load and reactive power load at the mth bus is denoted by ( ) and ( )
respectively.
( ) : Voltage at the mth bus
: Branch current and : Load current
( ), ( ) are the receiving end node voltage and sending end node voltage respectively.
( ), ( ) and ( ) are the impedance, resistance and reactance for the ith branch respectively.
Calculation of load currents:
( ) (
( ) ( )
( )
) (1)
Formation of BIBC matrix:
By applying the Kirchhoff’s Current Law to the distribution network, BIBC matrix can be formed.
Consider a six bus network which is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Six bus system network configuration
3. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2018 : 530 – 537
532
The BIBC matrix, which gives the relation between load and branch currents, for Figure 1 is given
as
[ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ][ ] (2)
Bus voltage is obtained by Equation (4)
( ) ( ) ( ) (3)
( ) ( ) ( ) (4)
The error in voltage is calculated. If the error is less than tolerance then the load flow converges.
The power losses in a distribution system are given by (5) and (6)
∑ ( ( )) ( ) (5)
∑ ( ( )) ( ) (6)
Here n is the total number of branches.
3. UPQC STRUCTURE
A UPQC as the combination of series and shunt compensator is displayed in Figure 2 [3].
Figure 2. Equivalent circuit of UPQC
Here is the sending end voltage, is the source impedance, PCC is the pont of common
coupling, is the voltage injected by series compensator, is the shunt compensating current and is
the load bus voltage.
The series compensator generates a voltage and injects it in series with the line near to the receiving
end such that the voltage at the load side is always maintained at desired voltage magnitude.
The new load bus voltage , after injecting voltage by the series compensator is calculated as
given in Equation (7)
(7)
The complex power obtained by the series compensator is obtained as follows:
(8)
4. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Moth Flame Optimization Method for Unified Power Quality Conditioner… (M. Laxmidevi Ramanaiah)
533
Here is the branch current in which series compensator is included.
The function of shunt compensator is to provide load VAr support.
Figure 3 shows the phasor diagram for series voltage injection.
Figure 3. Phasor diagram for series voltage injection
The UPQC series compensator is modeled as a source of real and reactive power whereas shunt
compensator is modeled as the source of reactive power.
With the injection of voltage by the series compensator, the receiving end voltage is changed to .
The reactive power to be injected is calculated as given in Equation (9).
(9)
compensating current after series compensation which is calculated as given in [16].
4. MOTH FLAME OPTIMIZATION
The inspiration of this algorithm [17] is the navigation method of moths known as transverse
orientation. Moths fly at night using the moonlight. By keeping a constant angle concerning the moon, moths
fly in straight line to achieve the goal. The convergence of moths is towards the light. Similar to moths,
flames are the key elements of this optimization based on which the moths update their positions. Flames are
the best solutions. In each iteration the flames are sorted based on fitness. The moths update their positions
with respect to their corresponding flames. The principal moth dependably updates its position concerning
the best flame. The number of flames decreases adaptively over the course of iterations.
4.1. Algorithm for finding the Location and Series Compensator Voltage of UPQC
Step 1: Initialize the moth population size, maximum iterations, dimensions of the search space, minimum
and maximum limits of the moth positions.
Step 2: Run the load flow and find the real power loss before optimization.
Step 3: Generate randomly the moth positions of the order [ ] within the limits, where m denotes the
moth population size and n denotes the dimension. The dimensions are location, real and imaginary part of
series injected voltage, for one UPQC.Hence, n is assumed as 3.
Step 4: Set the iteration count to 1.
Step 5: Find the number of flames using Equation (10).
Number of flames
( )
(10)
Here N is the maximum number of flames, m is the current iteration number and T is the maximum number
of iterations.
Step 6: Run the load flow by injecting the voltage at the corresponding location as given in Equation (7) and
by injecting the reactive power as given in Equation (9).
Step 7: Evaluate the fitness. Discard the moths which violate the constraint that the voltage at the
corresponding location should not exceed 1 p.u. Sort the moths based on fitness values.
Step 8: Initialize these moths as flames and fitness values as flame fitnesses. If current iteration number is
greater than 1 then sort the moths based on fitness values of the moths in the previous iteration and the
5. ISSN: 2088-8708
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534
current iteration and assign these to flames. Select the best flame fitness and its corresponding flame position
known as best flame position.
Step 9: Initialize given by Equation (11)
( ) ( ) (11)
Step 10: Calculate the distance of the pth
moth for the qth
flame using Equation (12)
(12)
Step 11: Update the position of the moth using Equation (13)
( ) (13)
Where S=Spiral function.The Spiral Function is given in Equation (14)
( ) ( ) (14)
Where ( ) (15)
b is a constant which defines the shape of the spiral function (logarithmic spiral). It is assumed as 1
in this paper.
Step 12: Increase the iteration number.
Step 13: Reprise the steps from 5-12 until the iterations reach their maximum limit.
Step 14: Display the best flame fitness and the corresponding best flame position which gives the location of
UPQC and voltage injected by the series compensator.Print the results for real and reactive injected by the
series compensator and reactive power injected by the shunt compensator.
5. RESULTS
The test systems considered for checking the effectiveness of the proposed method are 10-bus,
34-bus and 33-bus systems. The losses, voltage profile, location and real and reactive power injected by
UPQC are determined.
5.1. Results of 10-bus System
10-bus system is a 23 kV system. The data of the system is taken from [20]. The real and reactive
load on the system is 12368 kW and 4186 kVAr respectively. 6 buses out of 10 buses have under voltage
problem.
From Table 1, it can be concluded that bus 7 has the least loss in real power which is 599.6457 kW.
The voltage to be injected by the series compensator is 0.0134 + 0.3929i p.u. The voltage improvement is
from 0.8375 p.u. @bus 10 to 0.9377 p.u. @bus 10 which is shown in Figure 4.
Table 1. Results of 10 bus System
Description Without UPQC With UPQC
Bus No - 7
Total real power loss (kW) 783.7785 599.6457
Total reactive power loss (kVAr) 1036.5 793.8046
Complex Voltage injected by the series compensator (p.u.) - 0.0134 + .3929i
Real power injected by the series compensator (kW) - 607.50
Reactive power injected by the series compensator (kVAr) - 1751.6
Reactive power injected by the shunt compensator (kVAr) - 499.7686
Minimum voltage (p.u.) 0.8375@bus 10 0.9377@bus 10
Nodes with under voltage problem (<0.95) 6 2
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Figure 4 Voltage Profile for 10 bus system without and with consideration of UPQC
5.2. Results of 34-bus System
34-bus system is a 11 kV system. The data of the system is taken from [18]. The real and reactive
load on the system is 4636.5 kW and 2873.5 kVAr respectively. 6 buses out of 34 buses have under voltage
problem.
Table 2. Results of 34 bus System
Description Without UPQC With UPQC
Bus No - 26
Total real power loss (kW) 221.7235 149.5901
Total reactive power loss (kVAr) 65.1100 43.9272
Complex Voltage injected by the series compensator (p.u.) - 0.3021i
Real power injected by the series compensator (kW) - 302.75
Reactive power injected by the series compensator (kVAr) - 23.412
Reactive power injected by the shunt compensator (kVAr) - 1163.1
Minimum voltage (p.u.) 0.9417 @bus 27 0.9563@ bus 25
Nodes with under voltage problem (<0.95) 6 0
From Table 2, it can be concluded that bus 26 has the least loss in real power which is 149.5901kW.
The voltage to be injected by the series compensator is 0.0000 + 0.3021i p.u. The voltage improvement is
from 0.9417 p.u. @bus 27 to 0.9563 p.u. @bus 25 which is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Voltage Profile for 34 bus system without and with consideration of UPQC
5.3. Results of 33-bus system
33-bus system is a 12.66 kV system. The data of the system is taken from [19]. The real and reactive
load on the system is 3715 kW and 2300 kVAr respectively. 21 buses out of 33 buses have under voltage
problem.
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536
Table 3. Results of 33 bus System
Description Without UPQC With UPQC
Bus No - 31
Total real power loss (kW) 202.6771 123.4237
Total reactive power loss (kVAr) 135.141 83.6298
Complex Voltage injected by the series compensator (p.u.) - 0.3080i
Real power injected by the series compensator (kW) - 256.39
Reactive power injected by the series compensator (kVAr) - 59.241
Reactive power injected by the shunt compensator (kVAr) - 954.2685
Minimum voltage (p.u.) 0.9131@bus 18 0.9273 @bus 18
Nodes with under voltage problem (<0.95) 21 10
From Table 3, it can be concluded that bus 31 has the least loss in real power which is 123.4237
kW. The voltage to be injected by the series compensator is 0.0000 + 0.3080i p.u. The voltage improvement
is from 0.9131 p.u. @bus 18 to 0.9273 p.u. @bus 18 which is shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Voltage profile without and with consideration of UPQC in 33 bus system
Table 4 shows the comparison of UPQC placement results for 33-bus distribution system. The
method proposed in Reference [12] is Differential Evolution optimization method. The corresponding
reduction in real power loss is 25.84 %. The method proposed in Reference [10] is based on placement of
UPQC at each and every bus in the distribution system and obtaining the real power losses. The reduction in
real power losses is 27.99 %. The method proposed in this paper is placement of UPQC by using Moth Flame
Optimization method. The reduction in real power losses is 39.10%.
Table 4. Results of 33 bus System
Description Ref [12] Ref [10] Proposed method
Optimal location 29 30 31
Real power loss (kW) 150.3 151.94 123.4237
Minimum voltage (p.u.) - 0.9177 0.9273
Real Power Loss reduction (%) 25.84 27.99 39.10
Size of shunt compensator
Size of series compensator
914.1 kVAr
0.0015 kVAr
1000 kVAr
385.44 kVAr
954.2685 kVAr
256.39+j59.241 kVA
6. CONCLUSION
A new optimization method known as Moth Flame Optimization method is used to determine the
optimal allocation of Unified Power Quality Conditioner in the distribution system. UPQC’s series
compensator provides both real and reactive power and shunt compensator provides the required load
reactive power. This functionality of UPQC allows the series compensator to take part in reactive power
compensation. The best location and complex voltage injected by series compensator of UPQC is obtained by
using MFO. MFO has strong convergence characteristics for solving the problem of UPQC placement. The
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Moth Flame Optimization Method for Unified Power Quality Conditioner… (M. Laxmidevi Ramanaiah)
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results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method to reduce real power losses and improve the voltage
profile. Comparative results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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