ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new methodology to reduce harmonic distortion in UPQC using artificial neural network
and fuzzy logic controller. So this paper main aim is improve power quality by using UPQC with ANN and FLC. The most purpose of the proposed (ANN & FLC) is capable of providing good static and dynamic performances compared to PI controller. The UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12
switches. In 9 switch UPQC converter given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of three methods. They are one is PI controller technique, ANN controller technique and FLC controller technique. By contrast PI, FLC and ANN, ANN is better than (FLC & PI) for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network (ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power quality (PQ) devices. A whole
simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality FLC & PI controller’s results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits,
additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized
dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly “converts” most of those topological short comings into fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses,
Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably
designed management theme with PI and ANN with Fuzzy logic controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
KEYWORDS: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Comparison of PI and ANN Control Techniques for Nine Switches UPQC to Improve...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review on the UPQC to reinforce power quality. Typically this can be often speculated to gift a broad outline on the varied possible intelligent controls used with UPQC. The most purpose of a UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the
space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12 switches. In 9 switch UPQC converters given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of two methods. They are one is PI controller technique and other one is ANN controller technique. By contrast PI and ANN, ANN is better than PI for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network
(ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power-quality (PQ) devices. A whole simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality PI controller results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits, additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly ―converts‖ most of those topological short comings into
fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably designed management theme with PI and ANN with physical
phenomenon controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
Keywords: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC.
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with ...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract—A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually “converts” most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost.
Index Terms—Discontinuous pulse-width modulation, nine switch converter, power conditioner, power quality.
Design of UPQC with Minimization of DC Link voltage for the Improvement of Po...IDES Editor
Devices such as power electronics converters, inject
harmonic currents in the AC system and increase overall
reactive power demanded by the equivalent loads are presents
non-linear characteristics. Also, the number of sensitive loads
that require ideal sinusoidal supply voltages for their proper
operation has increased. In order to keep power quality under
limits proposed by standards, it is necessary to include some
sort of compensation. The aim of this paper is to present a
unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) with minimization
of DC Link voltage for the improvement of power quality by
Fuzzy logic controller as compared with PI controller. By the
proposed system is comprised of series and shunt Inverters
which can compensate the sag, swell, unbalance voltage,
Harmonics and reactive power. PI and fuzzy logic controllers
are used to stabilize DC link voltage and balance the active
power between shunt and series inverters for the enhancement
of power quality.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Comparison of PI and ANN Control Techniques for Nine Switches UPQC to Improve...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review on the UPQC to reinforce power quality. Typically this can be often speculated to gift a broad outline on the varied possible intelligent controls used with UPQC. The most purpose of a UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the
space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12 switches. In 9 switch UPQC converters given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of two methods. They are one is PI controller technique and other one is ANN controller technique. By contrast PI and ANN, ANN is better than PI for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network
(ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power-quality (PQ) devices. A whole simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality PI controller results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits, additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly ―converts‖ most of those topological short comings into
fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably designed management theme with PI and ANN with physical
phenomenon controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
Keywords: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC.
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with ...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract—A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually “converts” most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost.
Index Terms—Discontinuous pulse-width modulation, nine switch converter, power conditioner, power quality.
Design of UPQC with Minimization of DC Link voltage for the Improvement of Po...IDES Editor
Devices such as power electronics converters, inject
harmonic currents in the AC system and increase overall
reactive power demanded by the equivalent loads are presents
non-linear characteristics. Also, the number of sensitive loads
that require ideal sinusoidal supply voltages for their proper
operation has increased. In order to keep power quality under
limits proposed by standards, it is necessary to include some
sort of compensation. The aim of this paper is to present a
unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) with minimization
of DC Link voltage for the improvement of power quality by
Fuzzy logic controller as compared with PI controller. By the
proposed system is comprised of series and shunt Inverters
which can compensate the sag, swell, unbalance voltage,
Harmonics and reactive power. PI and fuzzy logic controllers
are used to stabilize DC link voltage and balance the active
power between shunt and series inverters for the enhancement
of power quality.
SRF THEORY BASED STATCOM FOR COMPENSATION OF REACTIVE POWER AND HARMONICSIAEME Publication
The power electronic devices like converters and inverters inject harmonic currents into AC
system due to their non linear characteristics. These devices draw high amount of reactive power
from source. The commencement of Nonlinear Load into the ac power system will have the effect of
harmonics. The presence of harmonics in system it will effected with power quality problems. Due
to this high amount of power losses and disoperation of power electronics devices is caused, along
with this Harmonics have a number of undesirable effects like Voltage disturbances. These
harmonics are needed to mitigate for Power Quality Enhancement in distributed system. Here the
device called STATCOM is one of the FACTS Devices which can be used to mitigate the harmonics
and reactive power compensation. The voltage source converter is core of the STATCOM and the
hysteresis current control is indirect method of controlling of VSC. In this paper we implement with
SRF based STATCOM control. SRF theory is implemented for the generation of controlling
reference current signals for controller of STATCOM. The Matlab\Simulink based model is
developed and simulation results are showed for linear and nonlinear load conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
The growing demand for electricity and the increasing integration of clean energies into the electrical grids requires the multiplication and reinforcement of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) projects throughout the world and demonstrates the interest in this electricity transmission technology. The transmitting system of the voltage source converter-high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) consists primarily of two converter stations that are connected by a dc cable. In this paper, a nonlinear control based on the backstepping approach is proposed to improve the dynamic performance of a VSC-HVDC transmission system, these transport systems are characterized by different complexities such as parametric uncertainties, coupled state variables, neglected dynamics, presents a very interesting research topic. Our contribution through adaptive control based on the backstepping approach allows regulating the direct current (DC) bus voltage and the active and reactive powers of the converter stations. Finally, the validity of the proposed control has been verified under various operating conditions by simulation in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
Pi controller based of multi level upqc using dq0 transformation to improve p...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Novel Power Factor Correction Rectifier for Enhancing Power QualityIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, the disturbances in power system due to low quality of power
are discussed and a current injection method to maintain the sinusoidal input
current which will reduce the total current harmonic distortion (THD) as well
as improve the power factor nearer to unity is proposed. The proposed
method makes use of a novel controlled diode rectifier which involves the
use of bidirectional switches across the front-end rectifier and the operation
of the converter is fully analyzed. The main feature of the topology is low
cost, small size, high efficiency and simplicity, and is excellent for
retrofitting front-end rectifier of existing ac drives, UPS etc. A novel strategy
implementing reference compensation current depending on the load
harmonics and a control algorithm for three-phase three-level unity PF
rectifier which draws high quality sinusoidal supply currents and maintains
good dc link- voltage regulation under wide load variation. The proposed
technique can be applied as a retrofit to a variety of existing thyristor
converters which uses three bidirectional switches operating at low frequency
and a half-bridge inverter operating at high frequency .The total power
delivered to the load is processed by the injection network, the proposed
converter offers high efficiency and not only high power factor but also the
Total Harmonic Distortion is reduced. Theoretical analysis is verified by
digital simulation and a hardware proto type module is implemented in order
to confirm the feasibility of the proposed system. This scheme in general is
suitable for the common variable medium-to high-power level DC load
applications.
Integration of Unified Power Quality Controller with DGIJRST Journal
This paper gives an insight into the analytical results of the intergration of Unified power quality controller (conditioner) with distribution generation system. The intergration is achieved by connecting the DClink throught rectifier to the distribution generatoion along with thwe connection of the series and shunt inverter to the same dc link. This type of connection can account for the voltage sag, voltage swell, along with the reduction of harmonics and also compensation of reactive power. The analysis is supported with the simulation which will are discussed in detail in the paper.
Environmental factors such as air pollution and increase in global warming by using polluting fuels are the most important reasons of using renewable and clean energy that runs in global community. Wind energy is one of the most suitable and widely used kind of renewable energy which had been in consideration so well. This paper introduces an electric power generation
system of wind based on Y-source and improved Y-source inverter to deliver optimal electrical power to the network. This new converter is from impedance source converters family. This presented converter has more degrees of freedom to adjust voltage gain and modulation. Also, by limiting the range of simultaneous control (shooting through) while it maintains the
highest power of maximizer, it can operate in higher modulation range. This causes the reduce of stress in switching and thus it will improve the quality of output. Recommended system had been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and shown results indicate accurate functionality.
Time Response enhancement utilizing photovoltaic based cascaded Landsman Converter (LC) structure is one of the soft strategies in the recent scenario. The prime function of a DC-DC Landsman converter is to optimize the output power of the photovoltaic array and reduce the output voltage ripples. This paper reveals the demonstration and simulation of the Cascaded Landsman Converter Inverter System (CLCIS) with a PV source. MATLAB Simulink-model for CLCIS has been created utilizing the components of Simulink and closed-loop examinations are performed with PI and Fractional-Order-PID (FOPID) Controllers. The present work deal with the comparison of transient and steady-state time responses of CLCIS with PI and FOPID controllers. The outcomes demonstrate that dynamic reaction is enhanced by utilizing FOPID controller.
Adaptive Modified Minimally Switched Hysteresis Controlled Shunt Active Power...idescitation
The main focus of this article is to investigate the
effects of Adaptive control on the switching frequency and
Total Harmonic Distortion of a modified, minimally switched
hysteresis controlled shunt active power filter. Reference
current generation was done using Instantaneous real and
reactive power algorithm. Pulses to the minimally switched
grid interactive inverter in which only two switches are
controlled at a time, had been generated using a modified
hysteresis current controller. Use of Modified Hysteresis
controller results in reducing the switching loses to one-third
but results in increase in current THD than the conventional
hysteresis controller. To overcome this, pulses to the modified
hysteresis controller were generated employing adaptive
control by modifying pulses from a conventional hysteresis
controller. Using adaptive control instantaneous switching
frequency was reduced and maintained nearly constant and
THD was brought to the limits specified by the standards,
thus overcoming the disadvantage of conventional and modified
hysteresis controller which has variable switching frequency.
A comparison of Modified Hysteresis controller with and
without Adaptive control has been made, to show the reduction
in THD. The system was simulated using MATLAB-
SIMULINK.
SRF THEORY BASED STATCOM FOR COMPENSATION OF REACTIVE POWER AND HARMONICSIAEME Publication
The power electronic devices like converters and inverters inject harmonic currents into AC
system due to their non linear characteristics. These devices draw high amount of reactive power
from source. The commencement of Nonlinear Load into the ac power system will have the effect of
harmonics. The presence of harmonics in system it will effected with power quality problems. Due
to this high amount of power losses and disoperation of power electronics devices is caused, along
with this Harmonics have a number of undesirable effects like Voltage disturbances. These
harmonics are needed to mitigate for Power Quality Enhancement in distributed system. Here the
device called STATCOM is one of the FACTS Devices which can be used to mitigate the harmonics
and reactive power compensation. The voltage source converter is core of the STATCOM and the
hysteresis current control is indirect method of controlling of VSC. In this paper we implement with
SRF based STATCOM control. SRF theory is implemented for the generation of controlling
reference current signals for controller of STATCOM. The Matlab\Simulink based model is
developed and simulation results are showed for linear and nonlinear load conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
The growing demand for electricity and the increasing integration of clean energies into the electrical grids requires the multiplication and reinforcement of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) projects throughout the world and demonstrates the interest in this electricity transmission technology. The transmitting system of the voltage source converter-high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) consists primarily of two converter stations that are connected by a dc cable. In this paper, a nonlinear control based on the backstepping approach is proposed to improve the dynamic performance of a VSC-HVDC transmission system, these transport systems are characterized by different complexities such as parametric uncertainties, coupled state variables, neglected dynamics, presents a very interesting research topic. Our contribution through adaptive control based on the backstepping approach allows regulating the direct current (DC) bus voltage and the active and reactive powers of the converter stations. Finally, the validity of the proposed control has been verified under various operating conditions by simulation in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
Pi controller based of multi level upqc using dq0 transformation to improve p...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Novel Power Factor Correction Rectifier for Enhancing Power QualityIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, the disturbances in power system due to low quality of power
are discussed and a current injection method to maintain the sinusoidal input
current which will reduce the total current harmonic distortion (THD) as well
as improve the power factor nearer to unity is proposed. The proposed
method makes use of a novel controlled diode rectifier which involves the
use of bidirectional switches across the front-end rectifier and the operation
of the converter is fully analyzed. The main feature of the topology is low
cost, small size, high efficiency and simplicity, and is excellent for
retrofitting front-end rectifier of existing ac drives, UPS etc. A novel strategy
implementing reference compensation current depending on the load
harmonics and a control algorithm for three-phase three-level unity PF
rectifier which draws high quality sinusoidal supply currents and maintains
good dc link- voltage regulation under wide load variation. The proposed
technique can be applied as a retrofit to a variety of existing thyristor
converters which uses three bidirectional switches operating at low frequency
and a half-bridge inverter operating at high frequency .The total power
delivered to the load is processed by the injection network, the proposed
converter offers high efficiency and not only high power factor but also the
Total Harmonic Distortion is reduced. Theoretical analysis is verified by
digital simulation and a hardware proto type module is implemented in order
to confirm the feasibility of the proposed system. This scheme in general is
suitable for the common variable medium-to high-power level DC load
applications.
Integration of Unified Power Quality Controller with DGIJRST Journal
This paper gives an insight into the analytical results of the intergration of Unified power quality controller (conditioner) with distribution generation system. The intergration is achieved by connecting the DClink throught rectifier to the distribution generatoion along with thwe connection of the series and shunt inverter to the same dc link. This type of connection can account for the voltage sag, voltage swell, along with the reduction of harmonics and also compensation of reactive power. The analysis is supported with the simulation which will are discussed in detail in the paper.
Environmental factors such as air pollution and increase in global warming by using polluting fuels are the most important reasons of using renewable and clean energy that runs in global community. Wind energy is one of the most suitable and widely used kind of renewable energy which had been in consideration so well. This paper introduces an electric power generation
system of wind based on Y-source and improved Y-source inverter to deliver optimal electrical power to the network. This new converter is from impedance source converters family. This presented converter has more degrees of freedom to adjust voltage gain and modulation. Also, by limiting the range of simultaneous control (shooting through) while it maintains the
highest power of maximizer, it can operate in higher modulation range. This causes the reduce of stress in switching and thus it will improve the quality of output. Recommended system had been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and shown results indicate accurate functionality.
Time Response enhancement utilizing photovoltaic based cascaded Landsman Converter (LC) structure is one of the soft strategies in the recent scenario. The prime function of a DC-DC Landsman converter is to optimize the output power of the photovoltaic array and reduce the output voltage ripples. This paper reveals the demonstration and simulation of the Cascaded Landsman Converter Inverter System (CLCIS) with a PV source. MATLAB Simulink-model for CLCIS has been created utilizing the components of Simulink and closed-loop examinations are performed with PI and Fractional-Order-PID (FOPID) Controllers. The present work deal with the comparison of transient and steady-state time responses of CLCIS with PI and FOPID controllers. The outcomes demonstrate that dynamic reaction is enhanced by utilizing FOPID controller.
Adaptive Modified Minimally Switched Hysteresis Controlled Shunt Active Power...idescitation
The main focus of this article is to investigate the
effects of Adaptive control on the switching frequency and
Total Harmonic Distortion of a modified, minimally switched
hysteresis controlled shunt active power filter. Reference
current generation was done using Instantaneous real and
reactive power algorithm. Pulses to the minimally switched
grid interactive inverter in which only two switches are
controlled at a time, had been generated using a modified
hysteresis current controller. Use of Modified Hysteresis
controller results in reducing the switching loses to one-third
but results in increase in current THD than the conventional
hysteresis controller. To overcome this, pulses to the modified
hysteresis controller were generated employing adaptive
control by modifying pulses from a conventional hysteresis
controller. Using adaptive control instantaneous switching
frequency was reduced and maintained nearly constant and
THD was brought to the limits specified by the standards,
thus overcoming the disadvantage of conventional and modified
hysteresis controller which has variable switching frequency.
A comparison of Modified Hysteresis controller with and
without Adaptive control has been made, to show the reduction
in THD. The system was simulated using MATLAB-
SIMULINK.
Advance Technology in Application of Four Leg Inverters to UPQCIJPEDS-IAES
This article presents a novel application of four leg inverter with
conventional Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Scheme to
Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC). The Power Quality problem
became burning issues since the starting of high voltage AC transmission
system. Hence, in this article it has been discussed to mitigate the PQ issues
in high voltage AC systems through a three phase Unified Power Quality
Conditioner (UPQC) under various conditions, such as harmonic mitigation
scheme, non linear loads, sag and swell conditions as well. Also, it proposes
to control harmoincs with various artificial intelligent techniques. Thus
application of these control technique such as Neural Networks (ANN)
Fuzzy Logic makes the system performance in par with the standards
and also compared with existing system. The simulation results based on
MATLAB/Simulink are discussed in detail to support the concept developed
in the paper.
Improvement of Power Quality using Fuzzy Logic Controller in Grid Connected P...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, the design of combined operation of UPQC and PV-ARRAY is designed. The proposed system is composed of series and shunt inverters connected back to back by a dc-link to which pv-array is connected. This system is able to compensate voltage and current related problems both in inter-connected mode and islanding mode by injecting active power to grid. The fundamental aspect is that the power electronic devices (PE) and sensitive equipments (SE) are normally designed to work in non-polluted power system, so they would suffer from malfunctions when supply voltage is not pure sinusoidal. Thus this proposed operating strategy with flexible operation mode improves the power quality of the grid system combining photovoltaic array with a control of unified power quality conditioner. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used in both three phase four leg inverters. A Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controllers are used for power quality improvement by reducing the distortions in the output power. The simulated results were compared among the two controller’s strategies With pi controller and fuzzy logic controller
Hardware Implementation of Single Phase Power Factor Correction System using ...IAES-IJPEDS
Rapid increase of consumers in electronics devices and the use of mains rectification circuits inside these electronic devices is the root cause of mains harmonic distortion. Automatic power factor correction techniques can be applied to the industries, power systems and households to make them stable inturns increases the efficiency of system as well as the apparatus. This paper deals with the hardware design of active power factor correction circuit employing boost converter which is used to boost the DC voltages with a controller based on PID control strategy. The pulses given to power switches by pulse width modulation techniques generated by utilizing micro-controller board, Arduino thus obviating the need of complex hardware circuitry. MATLAB/SIMULINK was used to design and tune the PID controller parameters. The simulation results are matching with the predictions and the same was implemented as hardware. The waveforms various test points and across capacitors were obtained, studied and compared with the theoretical waveforms and are found to be in precise proximity of theoretical waveforms.
Modeling Optimization Voltage Index Unified Power Flow Controller Equivalent ...IJMTST Journal
This paper presents an active-reactive power control strategy for voltage source converters (VSCs) based on derivation of the direct and quadrature components of the VSC output current. The proposed method utilizes a multivariable proportional-integral controller and provides almost completely decoupled control capability of the active and reactive power with almost full disturbance rejection due to step changes in the power exchanged between the VSC and the grid. It also imposes fast transient response and zero steady-state error as compared to the conventional power control approaches. The applicability of the proposed power control strategy for providing the robust stability of the system against the uncertainties of the load parameters is also investigated. The superiority of the proposed control strategy over conventional approaches in the new condition of supplying the load is demonstrated. The theoretical aspects of the proposed multivariable-based power control strategy and the conventional approaches are reviewed and simulation results are presented in two separate sections. MATLAB/Simulink 2009a is used to simulate different scenarios of the simulation.
Grid Connected PV System with Power Quality Improvement Using Intelligent Con...IJMTST Journal
The depletion of the fossil fuel resources and the global warming effects has led the world to think
seriously of other alternative sources of energy. So renewable energy resources (RES) are being connected to
the distribution systems, mostly done by using power electronic converters. But use of power electronic
converters and non-linear loads like at distribution level injects harmonics, which intern cause power quality
problems. Distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is very popular in compensating power problems for
nonlinear and unbalanced loads. Any change in the load affects the DC-link voltage (DCLV) directly.
Conventionally, a PI controller is used to maintain the DCLV to the reference value, but its transient response
is poor. So, fuzzy logic controller is proposed which shows better dynamic response. To trigger inverter HCC
is used. The proposed inverter with the control when connected to wind energy, helps the 3-phase 4-wire
linear/non-linear unbalanced load at point of common coupling appear as balanced linear load to the grid.
With MATLAB/Simulink simulation studies, the proposed control technique is demonstrated and evaluated
here.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The power quality issue will take new dimension due to power system restructuring and shifting trend towards
distributed generation. Huge loss in terms of time and money has made power quality problems a major anxiety for modern
industries with non-linear loads in electrical power system. Power quality consists of a large number of disturbances such
as voltage sags, swells, harmonics, notch, flicker, etc. Power quality problems can be mitigated by many methods but most
appropriate solution to mitigate these problems is FACTS devices. In this paper a brief survey of FACTS devices are
presented which are used to mitigate power quality problems.
Input switched closed-loop single phase SEPIC controlled rectifier with impro...IJECEIAES
DC power supply has become the driving source for some essential modern applications. Thereby, DC power conditioning has become a significant issue for engineers. Typically used rectifiers associated with a bridge structure is nonlinear in nature. Thereby, the current at input side of the rectifier contains harmonics, which also flow through the power line. The presence of harmonics causes several interruptions and reduce power quality. In this regard, a new close loop SEPIC controlled rectifier is proposed in this paper. The conventional scheme is arranged with a rectifier connected to a DC-DC converter, which is an open loop system. Consequently, such system cannot regulate voltage at load varying condition. The proposed SEPIC controlled rectifier can regulate voltage under load varying condition for a wide range. Additionally, the performance in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) of input current and power factor at AC side are also within satisfactory range for the closed loop configuration. The controlled rectifier has four operating phases associated with switching states and input voltage polarity. The close loop configuration also incorporates a current and a voltage loop at the feedback path. The comparative studies have been performed among the proposed closed loop construction, the open-loop structure as well as the conventional construction. The effectiveness of the proposed controlled rectifier is verified in terms of THD and input power factor considering the results obtained from simulation.
Harmonic analysis and Power factor improvement with UPQC under two Novel cont...IJERA Editor
This paper presents unified power quality conditioner (UPQC)for power quality improvements in terms of
harmonics compensation and power factor correction in a three-phase four-wire distribution system.The UPQC
is implemented with PWM controlled voltage source converter (VSC) and switching patterns are generated
through Indirect PI and Synchronous Reference Frame controller. The selected topology for voltage source
converter is the three-leg and six-leg VSC for Indirect PI and Synchronous reference frame (SRF) control
strategies respectively. The behavior of UPQC has been analyzed by considering a case study with switching of
three phase half bridge diode rectifier and a parallel star connected unbalanced R-L loads. Harmonic spectrum
of the source current and load voltage are compared in between without UPQC and with UPQC by considering
both control strategies. The complete system has been modeled using MATLAB software with its stimulus’s
sim power system toolboxes.
Similar to SIMULATION OF REDUCED SWITCH INVERTER BASED UPQC WITH FUZZY LOGIC AND ANN CONTROLLERS (20)
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2. 78 Shaik. Mabusubani & Suresh Kornepati
Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9638 Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0
agencies has become a figure of merit for the power utilities [6]. Unfortunately, this is becoming increasingly difficult to
do so, because
The size and number of non-linear and poor power Factor loads such as adjustable speed drives, computer power
supplies, furnaces, power converters and traction drives are finding its applications at domestic and industrial levels.
These nonlinear loads draw non-linear current and degrade electric power quality. The quality degradation leads to low
power-factor, low efficiency, overheating of transformers and so on [2]. The power electronic devices as a result of their
inherent non-linearity draw harmonic and reactive power from the availability. In 3 phase systems; the reactive power
burden, injected harmonics, excessive neutral currents and unbalance cause low system potency and poor power factor.
Additionally to the present, the ability system is subjected to numerous transients like voltage sags, swells, glints etc.
These transients would have an effect on the voltage at distribution levels. Excessive reactive power of loads would
increment the generating capability of generating stations and increment the transmission losses in lines. Thus provide of
reactive power at the load end becomes essential.
Power Quality (PQ) chiefly deals with problems like maintaining a set voltage at the purpose of Common
Coupling (PCC) for varied distribution voltage levels regardless of voltage fluctuations, maintaining close to unity power
issue power drawn from the supply, obstruction of current and voltage unbalance from passing upwards from varied
distribution levels, reduction of current and voltage harmonics within the system and suppression of excessive provide
neutral current.
Nowadays equipments exploitation power semiconductor devices, usually called active power filters (APF’s),
Active Power Line Conditioners (APLC’s) etc. are used for the power quality problems owing to their dynamic and
adjustable solutions [10]. This paper is intended to provide a comprehensive review on the topic of UPQC. Over 10
publications [1]-[11] are critically reviewed to get proper idea about different intelligent controller used with UPQC.
Beside this, this paper also discusses the most significant concepts that are utilized to control the UPQC.
Since its initial introduction, static power convertor development has full-grown quickly with several convertor
topologies currently pronto found within the open literature. Incidental this development is that the equally speedy
identification of application areas, wherever power converters will contribute absolutely toward raising the general system
quality [1], [2]. In most cases, the known applications would need the ability converters to be connected nonparallel [3] or
shunt [4], looking on the operational situations into consideration. Additionally, they have to be programmed with voltage,
current, and power regulation schemes in order that they will swimmingly make amends for harmonics, reactive power
flow, unbalance, and voltage variations. For even additional tight regulation of provide quality, each a shunt and a series
convertor square measure more with one amongst them tasked to perform voltage regulation, whereas the opposite
performs current regulation. nearly always, these 2 converters square measure connected in an exceedingly back to-back
configuration [5], victimization twelve switches in total and sharing a typical dc-link capacitance, as mirrored by the
configuration drawn in Figure 1(a). Wherever obtainable, a small supply may be inserted to the common dc link, if the
intention is to supply for distributed generation in an exceedingly small grid [6], while not considerably impacting on the
long proved correct functioning of the succeeding configuration.
Presenting a much better reduced semiconductor different for top quality series–shunt compensation, this paper
proposes one stage integrated nine-switch power conditioner, whose circuit association is shown in Figure 1(b). As its
name roughly inferred, the planned conditioner uses a nine-switch convertor with 2 sets of output terminals, rather than the
3. Simulation of Reduced Switch Inverter Based UPQC with Fuzzy Logic and ANN Controllers 79
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same old twelve switch back-to back convertor. The nine-switch convertor was earlier planned in [7] and [8] at regarding a
similar time, and was counseled for twin motor drives [9], rectifier–inverter systems, and uninterruptible power provides
[10]. Despite functioning as supposed, these applications are burdened by the restricted part shift and strict amplitude
sharing enforced between the 2 terminal sets of the nine-switch convertor.
During voltage sags, the second set of management schemes conjointly has the flexibility to endlessly keep the
load voltages inside tolerable vary. This sag mitigation ability, along with different abstract findings mentioned during this
paper however not within the open literature, has already been verified in experiment with favorable results discovered.
Figure 1: (a) Back-To-Back and (b) Nine-Switch Power Conditioners
POWER QUALITY
Power Quality (PQ) connected problems are a unit of most concern today. The widespread use of equipment, like
info technology instrumentality, power physical science like energy-efficient lighting, adjustable speed drives (ASD), PLC,
diode to a whole modification of electrical hundreds nature. These hundreds area unit at the same time the key causers and
also the major victims of power quality issues [8]. Because of their non-linearity, of these hundreds cause disturbances
within the voltage undulation. Alongside technology advance, the organization of the worldwide economy has evolved
towards globalization and also the profit margins of the many activities tend to decrease [11]. The magnified sensitivity of
the overwhelming majority of processes (services, residential and even industrial) to PQ issues turns the provision of
electrical power with quality an important issue for fight in each activity sector. The foremost crucial area units are the
continual method trade and also the info technology services. Once a disturbance happens, immense money losses could
happen, with the ensuing loss of productivity and fight. Though several efforts are taken by utilities, some shoppers need
tier of PQ beyond the extent provided by fashionable electrical networks. This means that some measures should be taken
so as to attain higher levels of Power Quality.
4. 80 Shaik. Mabusubani & Suresh Kornepati
Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9638 Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0
UNIFIED POWER QUALITY CONDITIONER
The Unified Power Quality Conditioner may be a custom power device that is used within the distribution system
to mitigate the disturbances that have an effect on the performance of sensitive and/or essential load. It is a kind of hybrid
APF and is that the solely versatile device which might mitigate many power quality issues connected with voltage and
current at the same time thus is multi functioning devices that compensate numerous voltage disturbances of the ability
offer, to correct voltage fluctuations and to stop harmonic load current from getting into the ability system. The system
configuration of a single-phase UPQC is shown in Figure 2. Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) consists of 2
IGBT primarily based Voltage supply converters (VSC), one shunt and one series cascaded by a typical DC bus. The shunt
convertor is connected in parallel to the load. It provides power unit support to the load and provides harmonic currents.
Whenever {the offer the availability the provision} voltage undergoes sag then series convertor injects appropriate voltage
with supply [2]. Therefore UPQC improves the ability quality by preventing load current harmonics and by correcting the
input power issue. the most elements of a UPQC square measure series and shunt power converters, DC capacitors,
low-pass and high-pass passive filters, and series and shunt transformers the most purpose of a UPQC is to catch up on
offer voltage power quality problems, such as, sags, swells, unbalance, flicker, harmonics, and for load current power
quality issues, such as, harmonics, unbalance, reactive current, and neutral current. The key elements of this technique
square measure as follows.
• 2 inverters —one connected across the load that acts as a shunt APF and different connected nonparallel with the
road as that of series APF.
• Shunt coupling inductance Lsh is employed to interface the shunt electrical converter to the network. It conjointly
helps in smoothing this wave. Generally associate isolation electrical device is employed to electrically isolate the
electrical converter from the network.
• a typical dc link that may be fashioned by employing a condenser or associate inductance. In Figure 2, the dc link
is accomplished employing a condenser that interconnects the 2 inverters and conjointly maintains a continuing
independent dc bus voltage across it.
• Associate LC filter that is a passive low-pass filter (LPF) and helps to eliminate high-frequency switch ripples on
generated electrical converter output voltage.
• Series injection electrical device that is accustomed connect the series electrical converter within the network.
An acceptable flip magnitude relation is commonly thought-about to scale back the voltage and current rating of
series electrical converter.
In principle, UPQC is associate integration of shunt and series APFs with a typical independent dc bus. The shunt
electrical converter in UPQC is managementled in current management mode such it delivers a current that is adequate to
the set price of the reference current as ruled by the UPQC control algorithmic program. To boot, the shunt electrical
converter plays a vital role in achieving needed performance from a UPQC system by maintaining the dc bus voltage at a
group reference price. So as to cancel the harmonics generated by a nonlinear load, the shunt electrical converter ought to
inject a current. Similarly, the series electrical converter of UPQC is managementled in voltage control mode such it
generates a voltage and injects nonparallel with line to realize a curved, free from distortion and at the required magnitude
voltage at the load terminal. Within the case of a voltage sag condition, actual supply voltage can represent the distinction
5. Simulation of Reduced Switch Inverter Based UPQC with Fuzzy Logic and ANN Controllers 81
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between the reference load voltage and reduced offer voltage, i.e., the injected voltage by the series electrical converter to
take care of voltage at the load terminal at reference price. Altogether the reference papers on UPQC, the shunt electrical
converter is operated as controlled current supply and also the series electrical converter as controlled voltage supply
except during which the operation of series and shunt inverters is interchanged.
A unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) may be a device .The UPQC, sort of a UPFC, employs 2 voltage
supply inverters (VSIs) that area unit connected to a standard dc energy storage condenser. One among these 2 VSIs is
connected serial with the AC line whereas the opposite is connected in shunt with an equivalent line. A UPFC is used in an
exceedingly power gear mechanism to perform shunt and series compensation at an equivalent time. Equally a UPQC may
perform each the tasks in an exceedingly power distribution system. However, at now similarities within the operational
principles of those 2 devices finish. Since an influence cable typically operates in an exceedingly balanced, distortion
(harmonic) free surroundings, a UPFC should solely give balanced shunt or series compensation. An influence distribution
system, on the other hand, could contain unbalance, distortion and even dc elements. Thus a UPQC should operate below
these surroundings whereas providing shunt or series compensation.
The UPQC may be a comparatively new device and not a lot of work has been reported thereon however. It has
been viewed as an integration of series and shunt active filters. It has been shown that it may be accustomed attenuate
current harmonics by inserting a series voltage proportional to the road current. Instead, the inserted series voltage is
supplemental to the voltage at the purpose of common coupling specified the device will give a buffer to eliminate any
voltage dip or flicker. It is additionally potential to control it as a mixture of those 2 modes. In either case, the shunt device
is employed for providing a path for the important power to flow to assist the operation of the series connected VSI.
Additionally enclosed during this structure may be a shunt passive filter to that all the comparatively low frequency
harmonics area unit directed.
Figure 2: UPQC General Block Diagram
OVERALL CONTROL CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION OF NINE SWITCH UPQC
Reference Generation (Phase Locked Loop)
Reference currents and voltages square measure generated victimization part secured Loop (PLL).
The management strategy is predicated on the extraction of Unit Vector Templates from the distorted input provide.
These templates are going to be then adore pure curving signal with unity (p.u.) amplitude. The 3-ph distorted input supply
voltage at PCC contains basic element and distorted element. To induce unit input voltage vectors Uabc, the input voltage
is perceived and increased by gain adequate to 1/Vm, wherever Vm is adequate to peak amplitude of basic input voltage.
6. 82 Shaik. Mabusubani & Suresh Kornepati
Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9638 Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0
These unit input voltage vectors square measure taken to part secured loop (PLL). With correct part delay, the unit vector
templates square measure generated.
The extraction of unit vector templates is
sin( )
sin( 120 )
sin( 120 )
a
b
c
U wt
U wt
U wt
=
= − °
= + °
Multiplying the height amplitude of basic input voltage with unit vector templates of above equation offers the
reference load voltage signals,
*
.abc m abcV V U=
Figure 3: Extraction of 3-Φ Reference Voltages Unit Vector Templates
In order to own distortion less load voltage, the load voltage should be adequate to these reference signals.
The measured load voltages square measure compared with reference load voltage signals. The error generated is then
taken to a physical phenomenon controller to get the desired gate signals for series APF. The unit vector templates are
often applied for shunt APF to compensate the harmonic current generated by non-linear load. The shunt APF is employed
to catch up on current harmonics likewise on maintains the dc link voltage at constant level. To realize the higher than
mentioned task the dc link voltage is perceived and compared with the reference dc link voltage. A PI controller then
processes the error. The signal from PI controller is increased with unit vector templates of equation (1) giving reference
supply current signals. The supply current should be adequate to this reference signal. So as to follow this reference current
signal, the 3-ph supply currents square measure perceived and compared with reference current signals. The error
generated is then processed by a physical phenomenon current controller with appropriate band, generating gating signals
for shunt APF.
CONTROL STRATEGY OF NINE SWITCH UPQC
Static Shunt Compensator Using PI
Nine Switch UPQC consists of shunt compensator and series compensator. The shunt compensator is
managementled by a PWM current control formula, whereas the series convertor is managementled by a PWM voltage
control formula. In step with the adopted management theme, these 2 components of 9 Switch UPQC have totally different
functions as follows:
7. Simulation of Reduced Switch Inverter Based UPQC with Fuzzy Logic and ANN Controllers 83
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Figure 4: Control Block Diagram of Shunt Inverter Using PI
Shunt electrical converter management in interconnected mode: Mode one of shows UPQC shunt voltage supply
electrical converter dominant diagram applying synchronous coordinate system theory technique wherever sensitive load
currents area unit Ia, Ib and Ic
0
0
dq
ldq abc abcI T I=
(1)
0
2 2
cos cos cos
3 3
2 2 2
sin sin sin
3 3 3
1 1 1
2 2 2
dq
abcT
π π
θ θ θ
π π
θ θ θ θ θ
− +
= − −
(2)
,ld ld ld lq lq lqI I I I I I= + = +% %
(3)
Where, Id is active and IQ is reactive a part of power. An AC and DC component is extracted by an occasional
pass filter. In this case:
l s cI I I= +
(4)
In Eq. 4, Is is that the supply current, Il is that the load current and Ic is that the compensating current injected by
shunt electrical converter. If compensation reference currents area unit thought-about as follow:
* *
,fd ld fq lqI I I I= =% %
(5)
In this case, the system`s currents are:
,s d ld sq lqI I I I= =
(6)
In the Eq. 6, simply the load current harmonics area unit remunerated. If power issue is taken into account too, the
reference currents would be as follow:
8. 84 Shaik. Mabusubani & Suresh Kornepati
Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9638 Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0
* *
,fd ld fq lqI I I I= =%
(7)
Then system currents are:
, 0sd lq sqI I I= =
(8)
* *
,cd ld dc cq lqI I i I I= + =%
(9)
Static Shunt Compensator Using ANN
In Figure 5 the fast current of the nonlinear load is expanded into three terms. The primary term is that the load
functions sent from PLL (Phase latched Loop) in accordance with equation.(3)
0
0
dq
L dq abc L abcI T i= (10)
By this remodel, the basic positive sequence parts area unit remodeled into dc Quantities in d and letter of the
alphabet axes, which may simply be extracted by low-pass, filter (LPF).
Figure 5: Control of the Shunt Converter of the Nine Switch UPQC Using ANN
All harmonic parts area unit remodeled into ac quantities with a harmonic shift
Lq LqLqI i i= +
%% (11)
Since L s ci i i= + (12)
Series Inverter Control Using PI
The duty of series electrical converter is compensating voltage distortions that are caused by fault in distribution
grid. Series electrical converter management calculates the voltage reference values, that are injected to grid by series
electrical converter.
9. Simulation of Reduced Switch Inverter Based UPQC with Fuzzy Logic and ANN Controllers 85
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Figure 6: Control Block Diagram of Series Inverter Using PI
In order to regulate series electrical converter of UPQC, load curving voltage dominant strategy is projected.
During this condition, UPQC series electrical converter would be controlled during a approach that it compensates the total
distortions and helps the voltage of load voltage keep (balanced curving 3-phase). so as to succeed in this aim, synchronous
frame of reference theory is applied (11).
* 0 *
0 . 0
0
m
dq
ldq abc labc
V
V T V
= =
(13)
( )
( )
( )
*
cos
cos 120
cos 120
m
labc m
m
V t
V V t
V t
ω θ
ω θ
ω θ
+
= + − °
+ + ° (14)
* *
0 0 0fdq ldq sdqV V V= −
(15)
Series Inverter Control Using ANN
The system aspect voltage might contain negative-zero-sequence still as harmonics parts which require to be
eliminated by the series compensator. The management of the series compensator is shown in Figure 7. The system
voltages are detected then reworked into synchronous dq-0 frame of reference exploitation equation (6).
Figure 7: Control Block Diagram of the Series Converter of the UPQC Using ANN
10. 86 Shaik. Mabusubani & Suresh Kornepati
Impact Factor (JCC): 5.9638 Index Copernicus Value (ICV): 3.0
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Neural networks are simplified models of the biological nervous systems. An NN can be defined as a data
processing system. Consisting of a large number of simple, highly interconnected processing elements (artificial neurons),
in an architecture inspired by the structure of the cerebral cortex of the brain.
An artificial neuron receives n inputs x1, x2…xn with weights w1, w2 ….wn attached to the input links.
The weighted sum of the inputs ( )Iφ .i iw x∑ is computed to be passed on to a nonlinear filter φ called activation
function to release the output ( )Iφ . Here, φ could be a step function, signum function, sigmoid function or hyperbolic
tangent function.
Neural networks are models of biological neural structures. The place to begin for many neural networks is a
model nerve cell (neuron).This nerve cell consists of multiple inputs and one output. Every input is changed by a weight
that multiplies with the input worth. The nerve cell can mix these weighted inputs and, with relevance a threshold worth
and activation operate, use these to work out its output. This behavior follows closely our understanding of however real
neurons work.
Figure 8: Model of Neural
While there is a good understanding of however a private somatic cell(neuron) works, there is still a good deal of
research and largely conjecture concerning the approach neurons organize themselves and therefore the mechanisms used
by arrays of neurons to adapt their behavior to external stimuli. There are an outsized variety of experimental neural
network structures presently in uses reflective this state of continuous analysis.
In our case, we will solely describe the structure, arithmetic and behavior of that structure referred to as the back
propagation network. This can be the foremost current and generalized neural network presently in use.
To build a back propagation network, proceed within the following fashion. First, take variety of neurons and
array them to create a layer. A layer has all its inputs connected to either a preceding layer or the inputs from the external
world, however not each at intervals a similar layer.
A layer has all its outputs connected to either a succeeding layer or the outputs to the external world, but not each
at intervals a similar layer. Next, multiple layers square measure then clad one succeeding the opposite in order that there's
Associate in Nursing input layer, multiple intermediate layers and at last Associate in Nursing output layer, as in Figure
11. Simulation of Reduced Switch Inverter Based UPQC with Fuzzy Logic and ANN Controllers 87
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three. Intermediate layers that are people who don‘t have any inputs or outputs to the external world, are referred to as
hidden layers. Back propagation neural networks are sometimes totally connected. This implies that every vegetative
cell(neuron) is connected to each output from the preceding layer or one input from the external world if the vegetative cell
is within the initial layer and, correspondingly, every vegetative cell has its output connected to each vegetative cell within
the succeeding layer.
Figure 9: Back Propagation Network
Generally, the input layer is taken into account a distributor of the signals from the external world. Hidden layers
square measure thought of to be categorizers or feature detectors of such signals.
( )j th j jY F U t= + ……… (16)
The output layer is taken into account a collector of the options detected and producer of the response. While this
read of the neural network could also be useful in conceptualizing the functions of the layers, you should not take this
model too virtually because the functions delineate might not be thus specific or localized.
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
The inherent characteristics of the changing loads, complexity and multi-variable conditions of the power system
limits the conventional control methods giving satisfactory solutions. Artificial intelligence based gain scheduling is an
alternative technique commonly used in designing controllers for non-linear systems. Fuzzy system transforms a human
knowledge into mathematical formula. Therefore, fuzzy set theory based approach has emerged as a complement tool to
mathematical approaches for solving power system problems. Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic establish the rules of a
nonlinear mapping. Fuzzy control is based on a logical system called fuzzy logic which is much closer in spirit to human
thinking and natural language than classical logical systems. Nowadays fuzzy logic is used in almost all sectors of industry
and science. One of them is using fuzzy logic controller with UPQC.
The main goal of UPQC in interconnected power systems is to enhance the power quality of the system. The
balance between production and consumption Control algorithms supported fuzzy logic are enforced in several processes.
The appliance control techniques has been motivated by the subsequent reasons: 1) Improved strength over the traditional
linear management algorithms; 2) Simplified control design for difficult system models; 3) Simplified implementation
12. 88 Shaik. Mabusubani & Suresh Kornepati
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Low –frequency oscillations are a common problem in large power systems. A power system stabilizer (PSS) can
provide a supplementary control signal to the excitation system and/or the speed governor system of the electric generating
unit to damp these oscillations. Due to their flexibility, easy implementation, and low cost, PSSs have been extensively
studied and successfully used in power systems for many years.
Most PSSs in use in electric power systems employ the classical linear control theory approach based on a linear
model of a fixed configuration of the power system. To improve the performance of UPQC, numerous techniques have
been proposed for their design, such us using intelligent optimization methods (genetic algorithms, neural networks, fuzzy
and many other nonlinear control techniques). It recent years, fuzzy logic Management has emerged as a robust tool and is
beginning to be utilized in numerous grid applications.
The application of fuzzy logic control techniques appears to be most suitable one whenever a well-defined control
objective cannot specified, the system to be controlled is a complex one, or its exact mathematical model is not available.
Recent analysis indicates that a lot of stress has been placed on the combined usage of fuzzy systems and neural networks.
The fuzzy logic controller designed can be of the form shown in Figure 2.
Figure 10: Fuzzy Logic Controller
The fuzzy logic controller is comprised of four main components: the fuzzification, the inference engine, the rule
base, and the defuzzification, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 11: Components of Fuzzy Controller
The fuzzifier transforms the numeric/crisp value into fuzzy sets; therefore this operation is called fuzzification.
The main component of the fuzzy logic controller is the inference engine, which performs all logic manipulations in a
fuzzy logic controller. The rule base consists of membership functions and control rules. Lastly, the results of the inference
process is an output represented by a fuzzy set, however, the output of the fuzzy logic controller should be a numeric/crisp
value. Therefore, fuzzy set is transformed into a numeric value by using the defuzzifier. This operation is called
defuzzification.
13. Simulation of Reduced Switch Inverter Based UPQC with Fuzzy Logic and ANN Controllers 89
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SIMULATION CIRCUITS
Figure 12: Block Diagram of Nine Switch UPQC
Figure 13: Block Diagram of Nine Switch UPQC with PI Controller
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Figure 14: Block Diagram of Nine Switch UPQC With ANN Controller
Figure 15: Block Diagram of Nine Switch UPQC with FUZZY Logic Controller
SIMULATION RESULTS
Figure 16: PI Controller with SAG Condition at Load Voltage, Input Voltage, and Injected Voltage
15. Simulation of Reduced Switch Inverter Based UPQC with Fuzzy Logic and ANN Controllers 91
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Figure 17: PI Controller with SAG Condition at Load Current, Input Current, and Injected Current
Figure 18: PI Controller with SWELL Condition at Load Voltage, Input Voltage, and Injected Voltage
Figure 19: PI Controller with SWELL Condition at Load Current, Input Current, and Injected Current
Figure 20: ANN Controller with SAG & SWELL Condition at Load Voltage, Input Voltage, and Injected Voltage
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Figure 21: ANN Controller with SAG & SWELL Condition at Load Current, Input Current, and Injected Current
Figure 22: FUZZY Logic Controller with SAG & SWELL Condition at
Load Voltage, Input Voltage, and Injected Voltage
Figure 23: FUZZY Logic Controller with SAG & SWELL Condition
at Load Current, Input Current, and Injected Current
Figure 24: Utility Side Voltage THD with ANN 1.36% at 3rd
Harmonic Order
17. Simulation of Reduced Switch Inverter Based UPQC with Fuzzy Logic and ANN Controllers 93
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RESULT TABLE
Table 1
CONCLUSIONS
The UPQC performance principally depends upon however accurately and quickly reference signals are derived.
The simulated result shows that it has considerable response time for yielding effective compensation in the network.
This may not be desirable in modern power system control. Using conventional compensator data, a fuzzy logic controller
(FLC) is tuned with large number of data points. Then conventional compensator was replaced with fuzzy logic controller
and ANN.
The simulation results have shown that the UPQC perform higher with ANN and FLC planned theme
eliminates each voltage similarly as current harmonics effectively. The ANN controller also performs in a similarly with
slightly better voltage compensation It is also observed that the response time for derivation of compensation signals
reduces significantly with improved accuracy.
The response of FUZZY & ANN controllers are THD is minimum and faster for the both the current and voltage
which is evident from the plots comparison compared with PI controller as shown Result Table. Proposed model for the
Nine Switch UPQC is to compensate input current harmonics and voltage harmonics caused by non-linear load. The work
can be extended to compensate the load current and supply voltage imperfections such as swells, sags, voltage imbalance,
current unbalance, interruptions, and flicker.
REFERENCES
1) M. F. Farias, P. E. Battaiotto, Investigation of UPQC for sag compensation in wind farms to weak grid
connection, IEEE Conf., .2010.
2) D. Graovac, V. Katic, and A. Rufer, ―Power quality compensation using universal power quality conditioning
system,ǁ IEEE Power Eng. Rev., vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 58–60, Dec. 2000.
3) Rvd Rama Rao and Dr. Subhransu.Sekhar. Dash, Power Quality Enhancement By Unified Power Quality
Conditioner Using Ann With Hysteresis Control, International Journal Of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 6– No.1, September 2010.
4) L. H. Tey, P. L. So, and Y. C. Chu, ―Neural network-controlled unified power quality conditioner for system
harmonics compensation,ǁ in Proc. IEEE/PES Transmiss. Distrib. Conf. Exhib., 2002, pp. 1038–1043.
5) K. S. Ravi Kumar and S. V. A. R. Sastry, Application of PI, Fuzzy Logic and ANN in Improvement of Power
Quality using Unified Power Quality Conditioner, ISSN : 2231-0711, IJCSET | June 2011 | Vol 1, Issue 5,
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6) Seyedreza Aali Unified Power Quality Conditioner Based on Neural-Network Controller for Mitigation of
Voltage and Current Source Harmonics, Journal of Electrical Engineering.
7) Kolhatkar Y. Y. and Das S. P., “Experimental investigation of a single-phase UPQC with minimum VA loading,”
IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 373-380, 2007.
8) Sudeep Kumar. R, Ganesan. P “250KVA unified power quality controller” center for development of Advanced
computing, Trivandrum, IEEE2006.
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side”, ICIEA 2006.
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Speed Wind Turbine and UPQC” Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IEEE 2009.
AUTHOR’S PROFILE
Mr. SHAIK. MABUSUBANI is a student of Sri Mittapalli College of Engineering, Guntur, AP. Currently he is
pursuing M. Tech in Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (12U91D5408) from S.M.C.E. He completed B. Tech
(E.E.E.) in Chalapati Institute of Technology. His area of interests include Power Quality by Custom Power Devices,
controllers like Conventional controllers, Artificial intelligence controlling techniques, power Electronics & Drives, Neuro
controller Neuro-fuzzy controllers, renewable energy resources, Fuzzy logic controllers.
Mr. SURESH. KORNEPATI presently working as Associate Professor & Head, Deportment of EEE in Sri
Mittapalli College of Engineering, Guntur, A. P. He having 12 years of Experience in Teaching. Currently he is pursuing
PhD in Andhra University. His area of interests include renewable energy resources, Power Quality by custom Power
Devices, Power System Operation, Control & Stability, Intelligent controlling techniques and Power Electronics & Drives.