This document discusses morphology, which is the study of word structure and formation. It covers topics such as morphemes, derivation, compounding, inflection, and morphological phenomena. Some key points include: - Morphology analyzes the structure of words and how new words are created. - Words can consist of free or bound morphemes. Affixes like prefixes and suffixes can derive new words from bases. - Compounding involves combining two existing words into a single new word, usually a noun, verb, or adjective. - Inflection changes a word's form to indicate grammatical properties through processes like pluralization, verb conjugation, and comparative/superlative forms.

1. Directed by :
#Elita Angela
#Weni Siti
Anantasari
#Shovalina Helka

2. The Analysis of Word Structure…

3.  In Lingustics, morphology is the identification,
analysis, and description of the structure of a given
language and other linguistic units, refer to the part
of the grammar that is concerned with words and
word formation. as we will see, the study of
morphology offers important insights into how
language works, revealing the need for different
categories of words, the presence of word-internal
structure and the existence of operations that create
and modify words in various ways.

4.  Words and Word Structure
 Derivation
 Compounding
 Inflection
 Other Morphological Phenomena
 Morphophonemics

6.  Free and Bound Morpheme
Free morpheme is a morpheme that can be a word by
itself, whereas bound morpheme is a morpheme that
must be attached to another element
 Allomorphs
Allomorphs is the variant form of a morpheme. The
morpheme used to express indefiniteness in English has
two allomorphs -an before a word that begins with a
vowels sound and -a before a word that begins with a
consonant sound.
Example: an apple a table

7. Words can be divided into two, the simple words and complex words.
Words consisting of one or more morpheme:
One Two Three More than trhree
And
Girl Girl-s
Hunt Hunt-er Hunt-er-s
Act Act-ive Act-iv-ate Re-act-iv-ate

8.  Roots and Affixes
Complex words typically consist of a root morpheme and
one or more affixes.
 Bases
A base is the form to which an affix is added.
Example:
N A N
V Af Af A N Af
teach er un kind book s
V
V
A Af Af
Black en ed

9. Is an affixional process that forms a word with a
meaning and / or category distinct from that of
its base.

10.  Some English Derivational Affixes
A partial list of English derivational affixes, along with
information about the catagory of their usual base and
of the resulting new word.
 Complex Derivation
N
V
A
V Af Af Af
act ive ate ion

11. Affix Change Example
Suffixes
-able V A Fix-able
-ment V N Protect-ion
-ful N A Treat-ment
-ize1 N V Hope-ful
-ish A N Vapor-ize
-ate A V Tall-ish
-ly A Adv Activ-ate
-ness A N Slow-ly
Preffixes
ex- N N Ex-wife
re- V V Re-state
in- A A In-complete

12. The combination of two already existent words. With
very few exceptions, the resulting compound words is
a noun, a verb, or an adjective.

13. Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds
N V A
N N N V N A
Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide
Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds
Greenhouse(aglass-enclosedgarden) greenhouse(ahousepaintedgreen)
Blackboard(achalkboard) blackboard(aboardthatisblack)

14. The modification of a word’s form to indicate
grammatical information of various shorts.

15.  For nouns, verbs and adjectives the set of inflected
forms often help us identify the word class
 􀂃 E.g. noun ‘cat’: singular cat, plural cats
 Plural form (only for count nouns, i.e. nouns
denoting things that can be counted like cats, e not
mass terms such as water)
 􀂃 cats, criteria, knives, teeth, sheep

16. Regular verbs
walk
walks
sing
sing
Irregular verbs
walking
walked
singing
sang

17.  Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenest
Happy happier happiest
 However, some adjectives do not take these
endings:
curious more curious, most curious
foolish more foolish, most foolish

18.  Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived
from adjectives by adding –ly (curiously, foolishly)
 But they don’t have any other regular forms and
are not inflected themselves
 Prepositions don’t take any special form and don’t
inflect
 You can use, High Tone is assosiated with the past
tense, and low tone with the future.

21.  Words can be divided into word classes.
 We can broadly distinguish lexical from function
words.
 The major word classes in lexical words are nouns,
verbs, prepositions, adjectives and adverbs.

22. Thank You Very
Much