Detailed information is given for each type!

1. MORPHEME
ISLOMJON KARIMOV

2. MORPHEME
• A morpheme might be a word, or might be part of a word.
• It is "a small unit of language that contains meaning.“
• It cannot be divided into smaller meaningful segments without changing its meaning
or leaving a meaningless remainder.
• They can be classified as free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, or bound
morphemes, which must be combined with another morpheme to form a complete
word.

3. FREE MORPHEMES
• Free morphemes are considered to be base words in linguistics. Base words that can
stand alone.
• There are two kinds of free morphemes based on what they do in a sentence: lexical
morphemes and functional morphemes
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4. FREE MORPHEMES
• FUNCTIONAL MORPHEMES
Function words serve as a grammatical connection
between content words. They are not typically
combined with affixes that change their meaning.
1. Articles: the, a, an
2. Demonstratives: this, that, those, these
3. Auxiliary Verbs: will, is, must, does
4. Quantifiers: some, many, few
5. Prepositions: under, over, to, by
6. Pronouns: he, she, his, her
7. Conjunctions: for, and, but, or
• LEXICAL MORPHEMES
Free morphemes that make up the main meaning of
a sentence are content words. Their parts of speech
include:
1. Nouns: girl, hat, house, fire
2. Verbs: walk, sleep, say, eat
3. Adjectives: quick, nice, fun, big

5. BOUND MORPHEMES
• AFFIX
• An "affix" is a bound morpheme that occurs
before or after a base. An affix that comes
before a base is called a "prefix.“
 Antedate Capitalism
 Disregard Happily
 Prehistoric Gardener
 Unhealthy Kindness
An affix that comes after a base is called a
"suffix."
• ROOTS
• A root is a form which is not further
analysable, either in terms of derivational or
inflectional morphology. It is that part of
word-form that remains when all
inflectional and derivational affixes have
been removed.
 - ceive / -duce
 re- ceive re-duce
 de- ceive

6. DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES
• Derivational affixes serve to alter the meaning of a word by building on a base.
In the examples of words with prefixes and suffixes above, the addition of the prefix un- to
healthy alters the meaning of healthy. The resulting word means "not healthy." The
addition of the suffix -er to garden changes the meaning of garden, which is a place where
plants, flowers, etc., grow, to a word that refers to 'a person who tends a garden.’
It should be noted that all prefixes in English are derivational. However, suffixes may be
either derivational or inflectional.

7. INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES
• There are numerous derivational affixes in English. In contrast, there are only eight "inflectional affixes" in
English, and these are all suffixes. English has the following inflectional suffixes, which serve a variety of
grammatical functions when added to specific types of words.
1. -'s (possessive) with nouns *Jane's brother
2. _s (plural) * pens
3. -ing (present participle) *teaching
4. s (3rd person singular) with verbs *she likes
5. -ed (past tense) *played
6. -en (past participle) *forgotten
7. – est (superlative) with adjectives *happiest
8. –er (comparative) *happier

8. All words are morphemes, but not all morphemes are words ?
• First of all, it is not true that “all words are morphemes” ! Some words are morphemes
while some are not.
• A morpheme is the smallest meaningful grammatical unit in a language, example:
cat, like & so on
• The difference between a word and a morpheme is that a morpheme may or may not
stand alone, but a word is always freestanding.
• A freestanding morpheme is called a root, here you can say that all roots are
morphemes but not all morphemes are roots.

9. REFERENCE
1. https://www.researchgate.net/post/What-is-the-difference-between-root-word-and-stem-word
2. https://www.slideshare.net/nazikduhoki/morphology-presentation-13096828
3. https://examples.yourdictionary.com/bound-and-free-morpheme-examples.html
4. https://www.quora.com/What-is-an-example-of-a-morpheme-that-is-not-a-
word#:~:text=All%20words%20are,built%20up%20again