The Hinduja Hospital webinar discusses health awareness regarding various monsoon-related diseases, including malaria, dengue, leptospirosis, typhoid, diarrhea, and hepatitis A & E. Each disease is outlined with its causes, symptoms, and modes of transmission, emphasizing the importance of safety and preventive measures. The presentation also highlights vector control and food safety tips to mitigate these health risks during the monsoon season.

1. Hinduja Hospital Webinar Series: A Health Awareness Initiative
Monsoon Maladies
by
Dr. Khusrav Bajan
Consulting Physician, HH

2. Types
Vector Borne Water Borne
• Malaria • Typhoid fever
• Dengue • Leptospirosis
• Chikungunya • Diarrhea
• Leptospirosis • Hepatitis A & E

3. Vector - Borne

4. MALARIA
• Malaria is an infectious  Click to edit Master
disease caused by a text styles
parasite Plasmodium, ◦ Second level
which infects red blood  Third level
cells.  Fourth level
 Fifth level
• It is caused by the
vector Female
ANOPHELES which
mainly bites in the
nights ( from Dusk to
Dawn )

5. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS  Click to edit Master
text styles
• Fever, chills, muscle aches, ◦ Second level
and headache.  Third level
 Fourth level
• Cycles of chills, fever, and
 Fifth level
sweating that repeat every
one, two, or three days are
typical.
• Mostly normal between
fever spikes

6. Dengue
• Caused by the Vector Aedes
Egypti which bites in the daytime
• Causes fever, chills, headache,
pain upon moving the eyes, and
low backache. Painful aching in the
legs and joints.
• Major Rash ( Glove and Stocking
distribution )

7. Dengue
• 3 Types
– Dengue fever
– Dengue shock syndrome
– Dengue Hemorrhagic fever
• Could be simple on one hand but
could be fatal on the other
• Usually a Biphasic illness
characterised by severe
dehydration

8. Chikungunya
• Chikungunya is a viral disease  Click to edit Master
spread by the Aedes Egypti text styles
mosquito which also causes
◦ Second level
Dengue.
 Third level
 Fourth level
• Chikungunya symptoms  Fifth level
include severe debilitating
persistent joint pain, body
rash, headache and fever.

9. Leptospirosis

10. Leptospirosis
• It is an infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria called a
spirochete.
• Leptospirosis can be transmitted by many animals such as rats,
skunks, opossums, raccoons, foxes, and other vermin.
• It is transmitted though contact with infected soil or water.
• The soil or water is contaminated with the waste products of an
infected animal.
• People contract the disease by either ingesting contaminated food
or water or by broken skin and mucous membrane (eyes, nose,
sinuses, mouth) contact with the contaminated water or soil.

11. Water – Borne

12. Typhoid Mary
• Mary Mallon, now known as Typhoid Mary, seemed a
healthy woman when a health inspector knocked on
her door in 1907, saying that she was the cause of
several typhoid outbreaks.
• Since Mary was the first "healthy carrier" of typhoid
fever in the United States, she did not understand
how someone not sick could spread disease -- so she
tried to fight back
• After a trial and then a short run from health officials,
Typhoid Mary was recaptured and forced to live in
relative seclusion upon North Brother Island off New
York.

13. Typhoid
• Typhoid fever is a common worldwide bacterial disease,
transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated
with the feces of an infected person, which contain the
bacterium Salmonella enterica
• The name of "typhoid" comes from the neuropsychiatric
symptoms common to typhoid and typhus
• The infected person may be normal in the 1st week and then
may become toxic, have an altered mentation and would
have unbroken fever

14. Diarrhea
• Infections that can cause diarrhea
usually are spread by ingesting
food or water or touching objects
contaminated with stool.
• It is usually caused by E.coli or
sometimes is caused by viruses
• May lead to profuse dehydration,
sepsis , MODS and death if not
treated promptly

15. Hepatitis
• Transmitted thru’ contaminated water and
A/E
food
• Incubation period around 2 weeks
• Mild fever and then profuse vomiting and
distaste at the sight of food
• Usually self limiting but may sometimes
cause life – threatening fulminant hepatic
failure especially pregnant women. ( E > A )

16. Hepatitis
A/E

17. Safety Tips
Vector control
• Early detection, reporting and Rx of initial cases of malaria, dengue etc.
• Biological control
– Use of fish larvae, personal measures such as repellants, creams, nets etc.
• Community participation and control
– Avoid water or sewage to accumulate in the surroundings
• Chemical control
– Insecticide sprays, malathion fogging etc

18. Safety Tips
Food & Water control
• Avoid non veg food and animal milk as animals might be at risk from drinking
contaminated water
• Avoid eating raw veggies, salads and fruits
• Cook and grill your food before eating
• Avoid eating outside food or drinking water especially from road side vendors
• Boil water and milk before drinking
• Always wash your hands thoroughly before cooking food or after using the toilet
• Do not keep cuts and wounds open

19. Thank - U
Dr. Khusrav Bajan