gastroenteritis by bharath kumar medesun student

2. Introduction
 Gastroenteritis or infectious diarrhoea is a medical
condition characterized by inflammation ("-itis") of
the gastrointestinal tract that involves both the
stomach ("gastro"-) and the small intestine ("entero"-),
resulting in some combination of diarrhoea, vomiting,
and abdominal pain and cramping

3. Symptoms
 Diarrhoea
 Dehydration
 Abdominal pain
 Abdominal cramping
 Vomiting
 Headache
 Fever and chills

4. Etiology
 Virus: rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus.
 Bacteria: campylobacter jejuni, E.coli, salmonella,
shigella.
 Parasite: Giardia lambila.
 Drugs: Increased risk in persons using H2 receptor
antagonists, proton pump inhibitors.

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 Gastroenteritis is defined as vomiting or diarrhea due
to infection of the small or large bowel. The changes in
the small bowel are typically noninflammatory, while
the ones in the large bowel are inflammatory. The
number of pathogens required to cause an infection
varies from as few as one (for Cryptosporidium) to as
many as (for Vibrio cholerae)

6. DIAGNOSIS
 Stool culture
 Serum glucose in infants
 Dehydration
 Differential diagnosis
 Other potential causes of signs and symptoms that
mimic those seen in gastroenteritis that need to be
ruled out include appendicitis, volvulus, inflammatory
bowel disease, urinary tract infections, and diabetes
mellitus.

7. TREATMENT
 Antiemetics
 Antibiotics
 Antimotility agents

8. Plan and counseling for
patient
 Drink liquids: It is important to prevent or treat
dehydration.
 Eat bland foods: When child feel hungry, give soft,
bland foods. Example, bananas, clear soup, mashed
potatoes. Do not have dairy products, sugary drinks, or
drinks with caffeine until child feels better.
 Continue breast feeding for the child.
 Maintain hygienic conditions around the child.

9. Prevent the spread of
gastroenteritis
 Cook safely: Wash your hands and raw vegetables before
you cook. Cook meat, fish, and eggs fully. Do not use the
same dishes for raw meat as you do for other foods.
Refrigerate any leftover food immediately.
 Wash hands, laundry, and surfaces: This will help
prevent the spread of germs.
 Be aware when you camp or travel: Drink only clean
water.
 Avoid alcohol intake.
 Rotavirus vaccination to children.
 Avoid spicy and oily foods.
 https://www.medesunglobal.com

10. Thank you…