The presentation held at the conference organized by EC JRC on 9-10 April 2012, dealing with white certificates. The focus is on monitoring plans and their increasing role in the Italian scheme, especially for industry.

1. The

2. rules

3. and

4. the

5. market

6.
do

7. change...

8. You

9. need

10.
If

11. you

12. don’t

13. want

14. to

15. grope

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in

17. the

18. dark...

19.
FIRE!

20.
www.fire-italia.org White certificates: Evaluation of the monitoring plan projects in Italy
Dario Di Santo, FIRE
EC-JRC Workshop on experiences and policies on energy saving obligations and WhC
Gazzada Schianno (VA) 9-10 April 2013

21. FIRE
The Italian Federation for the Rational use of Energy is a no-profit
association that promotes energy efficiency, supporting energy manager,
ESCOs and other companies dealing with energy.
Besides the activities directed to its nearly 500 members, FIRE operates
under an implementing agreement with the Ministry of Economic
Development to manage the Italian energy manager network since 1992.
In order to promote energy efficiency FIRE cooperates and deals with
public authorities, energy technology and service companies,
consultants, medium and large consumers, universities and associations
to promote best practices and improve the legislation.
www.fire-italia.org
EGE certification
Energy Management Experts
UNI CEI 11339
www.fire-italia.org www.secem.eu Gestione Energia magazine

22. FIRE activities and projects
www.enforce-een.eu www.hreii.eu/demo www.soltec-project.eu
Among closed projects:
- www.hreii.eu
- www.e-quem.enea.it
- www.eu-greenlight.org
- www.enerbuilding.eu
- Eurocontract
www.ener-supply.eu www.esd-ca.eu
Besides to dedicated meetings, FIRE organises the Enermanagement
www.fire-italia.org conference, workshops, and training courses. It implements dissemination
campaigns, surveys, market analysis and studies.
Among the subjects with which FIRE has cooperated there are ENEA, GSE,
RSE, large companies, universities, associations, agencies and trade fairs
organizers.
3

23. Saving evaluation methods
Deemed savings
Saving evaluation method Engineering estimates
Monitoring plan
Deemed savings (progetti standard): the saving is evaluated with
D.S.
respect to the number of installed reference units (e.g. square meter, file
kW, number of installed units). No measures are required. Only
standardized solutions can be included in a deemed saving file.
Engineering estimates (progetti analitici): the saving is evaluated with E.E.
respect to some measured quantities through a dedicated algorithm file
defined in the considered file. Required meters are also indicated in
the considered file.
www.fire-italia.org Monitoring plans (progetti a consuntivo): the method is similar to the
previous one, but the algorithm, the baseline, the additional saving
coefficient, and the needed meters should be preliminarily proposed PPPM
by the applicant PPPM and approved from GSE (with ENEA-RSE).
After the PPPM is accepted the proponent will get WhC by presenting
RVC (at least once a year).

24. Market trends and monitoring plans
WhCpricetrend
Introduction
120
Monitoring plans 110
100
90
Sectors and tech
WhC'sprice(Euro)
80
70
Conclusions
60
50
40
30
20
10
Source:FIREevaluaIonbasedonAEEGandGMEdata
0
/05 06
/07 06
/10 06
/01 06
/03 07
/06 07
/08 07
/11 07
/01 07
/04 08
/06 08
/09 08
/11 08
/02 08
/04 09
/07 09
/09 09
/12 09
/03 09
/05 10
/07 10
/10 10
/01 10
/03 11
/05 11
/08 11
/11 11
/02 11
/04 12
/05 12
/08 12
/11 12
/02 12
13
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
/20
ItalianWhCtargetsandresults
/03
(dataupdatedtoFebruary282013)
07
16
25
24
16
27
05
28
06
29
08
17
09
18
17
28
01
22
01
02
11
20
19
11
22
31
30
15
07
17
31
07
06
05
%8.000%% Marketsessiondata 80%%
May31stsession DSO'sreimbursement TypeIII TypeII TypeI
%6.000%% 60%%
%4.000%% 40%%
%2.000%% 20%%
www.fire-italia.org
ktoe
%
%!%%%% 0%%
2005% 2006% 2007% 2008% 2009% 2010% 2011% 2012%
!2.000%% !20%%
!4.000%% !40%%
Source:%FIRE%based%on%AEEG%and%GME%data%
2012: 31%
!6.000%% !60%%
monitoring plans
Primary%energy%saving%targets%(ktoe)% Issued%WhC%from%June%1st%to%May%31st%(ktoe)%
Eccess%%or%missing%WhC%(ktoe)% (issuedWhC!targetWhC)/targetWhC%(%)%

25. The analysis about monitoring plans
Introduction Background
Considering new projects, monitoring plans are overcoming standard and
Monitoring plans
engineering estimates projects with respect to the amount of generated
Sectors and tech savings. No deep investigation was carried out and a few data were available
on them.
Conclusions
The aim of the analysis
ENEA commissioned a study to FIRE to:
 investigate monitoring plans and extract information on the results of
seven years of presented projects;
 identify trend lines for the energy efficiency technologies used and
assess the market penetration;
 verify if the real savings (RVC) matched the forecasts (PPPM);
 identify the role of the proponents, the difficulties they encountered and
the most common errors in the presentation of proposals.
www.fire-italia.org

26. The analysis about monitoring plans
Introduction The methodology
All the presented PPPM were evaluated and catalogued independently from their
Monitoring plans
acceptance. A database was built with ad hoc categories to confront and
Sectors and tech evaluate the proposals. Many diagrams and tables have been drawn, an
intermediate report has been finalised last year and the final one is to be
Conclusions
presented after May 2013.
The analysis covered the PPPM for the period from 2005 to 2012.
Information within the database:
 date of completion of work and sending of the proposal;
 proponent and end user;
 result of evaluation from ENEA / Authority;
 geographic area of the project;
 industrial or civil sector;
www.fire-italia.org  technologies employed;
 source of energy supply;
 type of savings (i.e. electricity, gas, other fuels);
 the algorithms use to calculate the savings;
 the measurement systems used in the project.

27. PPPM presentation trend
Introduction Monthly#average#PPPM#proposals#
Monitoring plans
50# 47#
Source: FIRE on AEEG data.
45#
Sectors and tech
40#
Conclusions
35# 33#
30#
25#
20#
15#
14#
10#
5#
0#
www.fire-italia.org
2005)2010# 2011# 2012#(incomplete)#
Both the effect of the tau coefficient and of the learning curve about PPPM
presenting linked to FIRE-ENEA training courses can be seen.

28. PPPM are not that easy to present
Detailed analysis focused on the 600 PPPM that have been approved.
Introduction
About half of the approved proposals has required at least a request for
Monitoring plans integration. Especially in the first years some proposals required 3 or 4 revisions
(recently ENEA decided to allow no more than one request of integration.
Sectors and tech
Less than 10% of the proposals were rejected.
Conclusions
Accepted$PPPM$
0,1%$
0,5%$
6%$
Passed$at$the$first$a7empt$
43%$
a9er$1$revision$
a9er$2$revisions$
51%$
a9er$3$revisions$
www.fire-italia.org
a9er$4$revisions$
Source: FIRE commissioned by ENEA.

29. PPPM and monitoring plans’ WhC divided by proponent
Introduction Presented#PPPM#
1%#
Monitoring plans
5%#
7%# Electric#DSO#(DE)#
Sectors and tech Gas#DSO#(DG)#
Conclusions Energy#manager#(EM)#
87%#
Energy#service#provider#
(ESP)#
Source: FIRE commissioned by ENEA.
Requested#WhC##
2%# Electric(DSO((DE)(
30%# Gas(DSO((DG)(
www.fire-italia.org 68%#
Energy(manager((EM)(
Energy(service(provider((ESP)(
Source: FIRE commissioned by ENEA.

30. WhC breakdown
Introduction
WhC$energy$saving$breakdown$
Monitoring plans
Sectors and tech
30%$ 29%$
WhC$electricity$$
Conclusions
WhC$natural$gas$
41%$ WhC$other$fuels$
Source: FIRE commissioned by ENEA.
Toe$from$PPPM WhC$electricity$ WhC$natural$gas WhC$other$fuels WhC$total
1.320.000 420.000 580.000 400.000 1.400.000
Yearly$Toe$forecast$in$PPPM$VS$toe$requested$in$RVC
www.fire-italia.org
A strong role of thermal energy consumption emerges in the industrial sector, in
opposition to the saving electricity leadership for standard projects.

31. WhC breakdown: PPPM (above) and WhC (below)
TEXTILE%AND%TANNING%
AUTOMOTIVE% WOOD%
4%%
MECHANICS% 2%% STEEL%METALLURGICAL%
6%%
Introduction 9%%
ICT%
3%%
PAPER%AND%PRINTING% PETROCHEMICAL%
Monitoring plans 4%% PHARMACEUTICAL%
CHEMISTRY%
GLASS%
4%% 17%%
Sectors and tech
RESIDENTIAL%
COMMERCIAL% BUILDING%MATERIALS%
Conclusions 17%% 14%%
AGRO9FOOD%
13%%
ENERGY%/%SERVICES%/%
WASTE%TREATMENT%
7%% Source: FIRE commissioned by ENEA. AUTOMOTIVE% WOOD%
PAPER%AND% MECHANICS% 2%%
PRINTING% ICT% 2%% TEXTILE%AND%TANNING%
1%%
3%% 2%%
GLASS%
RESIDENTIAL% 4%%
COMMERCIAL%
6%%
ENERGY%/%SERVICES%/% STEEL%
WASTE%TREATMENT% METALLURGICAL%
7%% 38%%
AGRO:FOOD%
www.fire-italia.org 7%%
BUILDING% PETROCHEMICAL%
MATERIALS% PHARMACEUTICAL%
12%% CHEMISTRY%
16%%

32. Technology breakdown
PPPMtechnologybreakdown
Introduction
Solvent
Monitoring plans treatment
1%
Civilsector EEheat
Biomass
Sectors and tech 14% 19%
6%
Conclusions Cogenera8on
17% EEelectricity
28% n°#PPPM requested#WhC
Heatrecovery EE#heat 128 645.293
15% EE#electricity 186 226.946
Heat#recovery 98 112.973
Cogeneration 111 210.377
Biomass 41 81.487
Solvent#treatment 9 5.236
Civil#sector 90 48.820
WhCtechnologybreakdown
Civilsector Source: FIRE commissioned by ENEA.
4%
Solventtreatment EEheat
0% Biomass 48%
www.fire-italia.org 6%
Cogenera8on
16%
Heatrecovery EEelectricity
9% 17%

33. Heat recovery
Introduction Heat#recovery#breakdown#
Monitoring plans
10%# HEAT#RECOVERY#FOR#
Sectors and tech THE#PROCESS#
28%#
Conclusions HEAT#RECOVERY#FOR#
OTHER#USES#
53%# FLUE#RECOVERY#FOR#
9%# THE#PROCESS#
FLUE#RECOVERY#FOR#
Source: FIRE commissioned by ENEA. OTHER#USES#
With heat recovery for the process we mean heat reused within the
same process that generated it.
www.fire-italia.org
More often the heat recovered at low temperature is used in other
processes within the enterprise.
The same applies for the two flue recovery categories.

34. Gas cogeneration
Cogenera.on$proposals$
Introduction
Monitoring plans
1%$
Sectors and tech Gas$CHP$
Conclusions
17%$
82%$ Gas$trigenera.on$
Gas$quadrigenera.on$
The new cogeneration plants are distributed homogeneously among
www.fire-italia.org
all activities with use of low-temperature heat.
A peak of interventions in the food and chemical / pharmaceutical
sectors can be nevertheless noticed.

35. Biomass
Introduction
Biomass#proposals#
Monitoring plans
Sectors and tech BIOMASS#BOILER#
10%#
Conclusions 14%#
BIOMASS#COGENERATION#
10%# 44%#
BIOMASS#FOR#PROCESS#
22%#
BIOGAS#
BIOOIL#
The use of biomass shows a concentration in the agri-food sector
www.fire-italia.org where the availability of residues leads to a natural application.
Other interesting aspects are the direct use of wood biomass as fuel
in the lime factories and biogas in the food industry.

36. Civil sector
Introduction
Monitoring plans
Civil$sector$proposals$
Sectors and tech 5%$
BOILERS$AND$HEAT$
Conclusions ACCOUNTING$
36%$ LIGHTING$
59%$
DISTRICT$HEATING$
www.fire-italia.org

37. PPPM forecast VS requested WhC over years
Introduction
Caso 1: e.g. building
Monitoring plans materials, Preventivo
manufacturing industry
Sectors and tech
Consuntivo
Conclusions
Caso 2: e.g.
Consuntivo
furnace glass,
membranes, RDF Preventivo
www.fire-italia.org
Caso 3: e.g.
Consuntivo
lighting, heating,
cooling Preventivo

38. Conclusions
Introduction The complete report will give us a lot of interesting information (that would be
difficult to summarize in a presentation).
Monitoring plans
It is better to think about a procedure to collecting and categorising data from
Sectors and tech
complex projects since the start up of the WhC scheme.
Conclusions
Monitoring plans don’t tell us just how many pieces of a technology has been
installed, they give us information about industrial processes and trends in
technology substitution (a fact that can stimulate many support activities), and
they help ESP to grown up and become ESCO or anyway skilled operators.
To make savings in the order of Mtoe monitoring plans are a necessity (unless we
pour a lot of money in terms of WhC/”cost of investment” on deemed savings, like
we have done for CFL), so it is important to monitor their trends.
A lot of information and training activities is needed in order to get some
interesting achievement.
www.fire-italia.org
Energy efficiency is complex and to be successful it needs a lot of
commitment (in primis by policy makers), the recognition of co-benefits,
MV (not only for WhC to work, but for EPC and banks), information and
training. This is true for EEO as well as for any kind of support policy.

39. For

40. more

41. information

42.
about

43. our

44. activities

46.
visit

47. our

48. web

49. site!

51.
www.fire-italia.org
www.dariodisanto.com