It is a brief account of how to sample and monitor secondary water contaminants in drinking water. Please note that no specific case study is highlighted here. It is a general and analytical approach to the topic under study.
What is TOC & why it's measurement in production process usable water is important in the pharmaceutical industrial environment in respect to product quality
What is TOC & why it's measurement in production process usable water is important in the pharmaceutical industrial environment in respect to product quality
Karl fischer titration is an analytic system to determine the trace amount of water in solid, gases and liquids. It is a very efficient and accurate technique. In this presentation we go deeper about this titration system.
analytical techniques for estimation of organic compoundsRabia Aziz
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Removal of fluoride from drinking water by adsorption onto Activated Alumina ...IJERA Editor
The ability of activated alumina and activated carbon to remove Fluoride from aqueous solution has been investigated. The studies were carried out as functions of contact time, concentration and pH. The data indicate that activated alumina surface sites are heterogeneous in nature and that fits into a heterogeneous site binding model. The optimum pH for complete removal of Fluoride from aqueous solution were described. The rate of fluoride removal was rapid during several time intervals of time, and equilibrium was attained were described in detailed.
#scichallenge2017 Photocatalytic Degradation of Synthetic Wastewaters Contain...Seher Elif Mekik
#scichallenge2017
In our project, it was aimed to purify wastewaters containing methylene blue component and harmful to environment from methylene blue. For this purpose, synthetic methylene blue waste water was formed and chemically treated by photocatalysis.
Decolourisation of Nigrosine WS dye by Solar Photo-fentonAkash Tikhe
My master's dissertation thesis topic- Decolorization of Nigrosine WS dye by Homogeneous Solar Photo-Fenton Method along with Intro, Method, Result, conclusion and suggestions.
Karl fischer titration is an analytic system to determine the trace amount of water in solid, gases and liquids. It is a very efficient and accurate technique. In this presentation we go deeper about this titration system.
analytical techniques for estimation of organic compoundsRabia Aziz
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ESTIMATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Removal of fluoride from drinking water by adsorption onto Activated Alumina ...IJERA Editor
The ability of activated alumina and activated carbon to remove Fluoride from aqueous solution has been investigated. The studies were carried out as functions of contact time, concentration and pH. The data indicate that activated alumina surface sites are heterogeneous in nature and that fits into a heterogeneous site binding model. The optimum pH for complete removal of Fluoride from aqueous solution were described. The rate of fluoride removal was rapid during several time intervals of time, and equilibrium was attained were described in detailed.
#scichallenge2017 Photocatalytic Degradation of Synthetic Wastewaters Contain...Seher Elif Mekik
#scichallenge2017
In our project, it was aimed to purify wastewaters containing methylene blue component and harmful to environment from methylene blue. For this purpose, synthetic methylene blue waste water was formed and chemically treated by photocatalysis.
Decolourisation of Nigrosine WS dye by Solar Photo-fentonAkash Tikhe
My master's dissertation thesis topic- Decolorization of Nigrosine WS dye by Homogeneous Solar Photo-Fenton Method along with Intro, Method, Result, conclusion and suggestions.
Chemo bio synthesis of silver nanoparticlesJagpreet Singh
Silver nanoparticles have a lot of ways of synthesis like physical and chemical
methods; some of these methods use a lot of chemical substances and are
very hazardous for humans and environment, so a novel, great, environmental
friendly, cheap and easy to use world of green chemistry has been used. A
number of characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier
transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction study and scanning
electron microscopy revealed that silver nanoparticles have been used. Thus
the different response of the functional groups and the difference in the peaks
and UV-visible data was studied and then compared to understand and know
the way these different reducing agents react to the same starting material. The
green synthesis had a UV-visible peak at 446 nm while the one with chemical
synthesis had a peak at 395 nm. FTIR results of silver nanoparticles synthesis
by trisodium citrate (TSC) showed a peak at 1505 cm-1 which shows that the
compound has a stretching of the -C=C – bond. In another case, which was done
by using Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) a peak at 1695 cm-1 showed a –C=O- bond
indicating stretching and a weak absorption intensity. Another peak was present
which indicates a –O-H bond formation and presence which is a strong bond are
found to exist. A notable peak came for synthesis by orange peel at 1517 cm-1
which represents a –C=C- bond stretching as in aromatic compounds. Another
peak at 1732 cm-1 indicates the –C=O- bond. The XRD results on one of the
silver sample prepared by green methods showed silver nanomaterials formed
which had a average particle size of around 42 nm. FE-SEM results revealed that
silver nanomaterials were formed and had a flake like appearance in one of the
results. All the overall comparison showed that different modes of synthesis
of silver nanomaterials and different reducing agents give same materials but
with different peaks and intensities. All this data provided knowledge about the
fact that an alternative method can be used to create new nanoparticles if one
of the previously considered to tried method fails thus helping in extending the
broadways for research.
Evaluation of the photo-catalytic oxidation process with commercial ZnO for r...irjes
The textile industry uses a very great amount of water in their process and then, produces high
quantities of colorful wastewater containing pollutants like suspended solids, heavy metals and other inorganic
and organic compounds. In this study, real textiles wastewaters were processed in an oxidative photo-catalytic
slurry reactor, using commercial ZnO as the catalyst, in order to evaluate its efficiency, the effect of pH, the
effect of catalyst loading and its kinetics. The process was tested in a batch reactor, in bench and semi-pilot
scales, with excellent data reproducibility observed in the scale-up. Moreover, decolorizations of 97.43 %, BOD
and COD reduction were obtained, showing good applicability of the process. According to regional
environmental agencies, the final effluents parameters were checked showing good acceptance for the use of
ZnO, except for the presence of Zn2+ in the effluent as a disadvantage.
efinitions:
Analyte- the component of interest in the sample
Matrix- the remainder of the sample
Examples:
Lead in drinking water
Benzene in soil
Salt in blood
LEVELS OF ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGIST
Multi-Element Determination of Cu, Mn, and Se using Electrothermal Atomic Abs...IOSR Journals
Simultaneous multi-element graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (SIMAA 6000) is used to get a new multi-element determinations methodology for Cu, Mn, and Se. Firstly, the optimum conditions for single-element mode are determined (which include: pyrolysis and atomization temperatures). Secondly, the optimum conditions for multi-element mode are also determined. The conditions in the two modes have been compared in terms of the characteristic masses, detection limits and pyrolysis and atomization temperatures. The effect of the matrix on the determination has been studied using urine standard sample from Seronorm (LOT 0511545). The accuracy of the developing methods has been confirmed by analysis different biological reference materials. Simultaneous multi-element GF-AAS offers a rapid, low cost and sensitive method for the analysis of trace elements
New Analytical Technique For The Determination Of Mercury (II) By Synergistic...inventionjournals
A new technique was developed for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of mercury (II) by using newly synthesized chromogenic reagent N'',N'''-bis[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene] thiocarbonohydrazide bis-(4-fluoroPM)TCH. It forms yellow colored ternary complex with mercury(II) in presence pyridine having composition 1:1:1 (M:Reagent:Py) in acidic pH range 1.7-3.7. The reagent is highly sensitive and selective towards mercury(II). So spectrophotometric method of mercury(II) is found to be very rapid, reliable and show synergistic effect. Absorption of colored organic layer in iso amyl acetate is measured with reagent blank at λmax 375 nm. Pyridine showed synergistic effect with reagent by the adduct formation in organic phase. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range 0.25 to 3.5 µg mL-1 for mercury (II). Molar absorptivity and sandell’s sensitivity values of mercury(II)-bis-(4-fluoroPM)TCH-Py complex are 0.50127x105 lit mol-1 cm -1 and 0.004 µg cm -2 , respectively. The selectivity of the method was checked by using various foreign ions. The composition of the complex was determined by slope ratio method, mole ratio method and Job’s method of continuous variation. The colour of ternary complex was stable for more than 12 h. Various factors influencing on degree of comlexation are the effect of pH, reagent concentration, synergent concentration, equilibrium time, solvent were determined. The method was applicable for determination of mercury(II) in binary mixture, ternary mixture, ayurvedic sample, homoeopathic sample, industrial waste water, spiked water and dental unit waste water.
This is an introductory document to understand the basics of Content Marketing with respect to Digital Marketing. A whole new series on the components of Digital Marketing will be shared in bit size for you to easily digest the complex terms and concepts. So, stay tuned.
Analytical methods for measuring air pollutants.pdfsaraharshad10
This presentation briefly introduces the analytical techniques for measuring air pollutants like toxic gases, suspended matter and ozone. The analytical methods discussed are a Non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer, Resonance fluorescence, Gravimetric estimation of dust fall
and chemical methods for ozone determination.
Note: Credit goes to https://www.magadhuniversity.ac.in/download/econtent/pdf/lecture%20MSc%203rd%2018%20april%20-%20Pragati%20Kushwaha.pdf
This brief document describes how to convert waste into energy, particularly electricity. It is a new way of waste management. It is eco-friendly and helps fight climate change which has become a global crisis.
Weeds not only destroy crops but are also a killer of the economy. In the past years, several attempts are made and techniques are adopted to fight off these enemies but they are growing even faster and show great adaptability. Pakistan being an agricultural country bears a 20-30% loss in its crop yield production due to poor management of weeds. Thus, it is very important to manage weeds in a proper way. This brief study evaluates how to manage weeds in Pakistan.
Drastic impact of industrial wastewater on the health of people living in Pak...saraharshad10
It is a general view on different types of waterborne diseases in Faisalabd which is an important industrial zone of Pakistan. If you are researching, please try to search and find solutions of problems faced by Pakistan. Thank you.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
5. Personal protection and
preparatory measures
The sampling team should follow good safety
practices; including do not eat, drink or smoke at the
site, avoid contact with the sample or water flow etc.
Conduct response at sites using proper hazards signs
and properly trained personnel and equipment.
Some of the protective personal equipments required
are coveralls, outer and inner chemical - protective
suit, gloves, boots and hard hats. In case of confined
space sampling, remove non- essential personnel from
the site and handle sample with care.
7. Sampling – For field analysis
pH: For sampling, fill the plastic container with targeted water sample and keep it cool at
4o C. The volume of water should be at least 100 ml. The pH I.e. Acid Base (H+)
concentration can be measured by Hydrogen ion electrode. See figure 1
Smell: A certain smell indicates the presence of a specific chemical. The smell helps
identify different types of chemicals that can alter the characteristics of normal drinking
water
Chloride: : The sample should be collected in glass test tubes with no preservatives
added as the analysis would be immediately carried out on site. In general, the analyst
will need to measure out a known volume of sample using a test tube or flask provided
with the kit and will need to add the DPD reagents, wait a specific reaction time, and
then measure the pink color that develops in the sample. The intensity of the pink color
that develops after the addition of a reagent is measured using a spectrophotometer or a
color comparator and and relates directly to the amount of disinfection residual present
in the sample. See figure 2
Hydrogen ion
electrode
Chloride testing
kit
8. Sampling – Laboratory analysis
The presence of trace metals like Zinc, Manganese, Silver
etc. can be detected in laboratory. For this purpose, the
sampling is done in plastic or glass bottles but plastic is
preferred. The preservative used is Nitric Acid (HNO3) to
increase the holding time upto 6 months.
For fluoride, the sample is collected in a plastic bottle and
kept at dark place at room temperature for analysis in
laboratory. The remaining contaminants are also taken in
glass or plastic bottles with suitable added preservative to
enhance its shelf life time
11. Analysis
Aluminium: One method is when aluminium is reacted with
pyrocatechol violet followed by spectrometric measurement of the
resulting coloured complex. The method is restricted to the
determination of the aquated cations and other forms of aluminium
readily converted to that cationic form by acidification. The limit of
detection is 2 µg/liter. The limit of detection for the determination of
aluminium by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission
spectroscopy ranges from 40 to 100 µg/liter.
Flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS)
methods are applicable for the determination of aluminium in water at
concentrations of 5–100 mg/liter and 0.01–0.1 mg/liter, respectively. The
working range of the graphite furnace AAS method can be shifted to
higher concentrations either by dilution of the sample or by using a
smaller sample volume
12. Analysis
Flouride: Fluoride is usually determined by means of an
ion-selective electrode, which makes it possible to
measure the total amount of free and complex-bound
fluoride dissolved in water. The method can be used for
water containing at least 20 µg/liter.
The colorimeter method of detecting fluoride in water is
by mixing 4 ml diluted water sample along with barium
chloride and 1 ml zirconium xylenol orange reagent. The
color changes from pink to yellow depends on the fluoride
concentration in the sample. By comparing the color
produced with the color chart, the fluoride content in the
water can be quantified. Its detection limit is 2,000 µg/L.
13. Analysis
Foaming agent: Testing for methylene blue activated
substances (MBAS), isopropanol (IPA) and acetone is
recommended for determining the chemical nature of
foaming agent.
The procedure for MBAS test is acidify the water sample
by using boric acid or similar substances. Then chloroform
is added with methylene blue solution, a type of cationic
dye. The biphasic mixture that is produced is agitated in
order to disperse the reagents through the organic and
aqueous phases. In this way, concentrations of different
chemical substances can be found by this method.
14. Analysis
Iron: For the determination of iron in the samples that
were provided, Iron Cell Test Kit is used. In the Test Kit, all
the iron ions present in the samples was reduced to Fe2+
ions by ascorbic acid. In the presence of the medium
thioglycolate, a purple complex was formed because of
Fe2+ reaction with a trizine derivative. The complex was
determined photometrically by using UV-Vis
spectrophotometer. The instrument is designed so that the
sample is placed between a light source and detector.
Depending on the sample, light may be absorbed causing
electrons to be promoted from one energy level to another.
Since different metal ions, have different absorption
patterns, UV-VIS spectroscopy can be used to identify
metal ions in solutions.
15. Analysis
Mangenese: The presence of manganese in water can be analyzed by using an express
test kit as it gives simple and precise measurements. The procedure to use this kit is given
as: Fill two test tubes with 5 ml of the test water using measurements on the syringe. In
one of the tubes, add 4 drops of indicators in alphabetical order: A, B and C, mixing
thoroughly after every addition. During mixing close the tube with the lid. Let the sample
stand for 3 minutes.
After this, compare the color change of the test tubes with the given color charts.
Silver: Silver is detected by spectrographic and colorimetric methods. The detection limit
of the spectrographic and colorimetric method with dithizone is 10 µg of silver per liter for
a 20-ml sample. The detection limit of atomic absorption spectroscopy (graphite furnace)
is 2 µg of silver per liter, and of neutron activation analysis (NAA), 2 ng of silver per liter.
This NAA method uses measurement of gamma rays emitted from a sample that was
irradiated by neutrons. The rate at which the gamma rays are emitted is directly
proportional to the concentration of metal present.
16. Analysis
Zinc: Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is the most widely used
method for the determination of zinc. The detection limit of the direct
air–acetylene flame method is 50 µg/litre. Low concentrations can be
measured by chelating zinc with ammonium pyrrolidine
dithiocarbamate and extracting it with methyl isobutyl ketone
(detection limit 0.5–1 µg/litre).
Total Dissolved solids: The two principal methods of measuring total
dissolved solids are gravimetric analysis and conductivity. Gravimetric
methods are the most accurate and involve evaporating the liquid
solvent and measuring the mass of residues left.
Procedure for gravimetric method is given as: Weigh the beaker, put a
sample of water in the beaker, and weigh the beaker, heat the beaker to
evaporate the water and weigh the beaker again.