It is a general view on different types of waterborne diseases in Faisalabd which is an important industrial zone of Pakistan. If you are researching, please try to search and find solutions of problems faced by Pakistan. Thank you.

1. Drastic impact of
industrial
wastewater on
health in
Faisalabad
Sarah Arshad
Lahore College For Women University

2. Why Faisalabad?
Third most populous city.
$43 billions in GDP as of 2013
33% of the total area is covered with
water
Industries include textile, chemical,
machinery, food, metal, automobile etc.
Introduction

3. Types of wastewater
• Textile industry: Textile wastewater has a high pH value, high
concentration of suspended solids, chlorides, nitrates, metals like
manganese, sodium, lead, copper, chromium, iron, and high BOD and COD
value. The water also has a dark-brown color.
• Chemical industry: These industries provide raw materials. Some of
the pollutants produced by these industries include:
Paper industry: Chlorinated phenolic compounds and adsorbable organic
halides.
Wood industry: Dioxins and benzene.
Leather industry: Chromium salts, phenolics, tannins, organic matter.

4. Types of wastewater
• Machine industry: The pollutants discharged vary by
product sector and individual plant, but may include
arsenic, chlorine, cyanide, flouride, heavy metal, such as
copper, iron, lead, mercury etc.
• Food industry: Common emissions from food industry
include oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur, ammonia etc.

5. Health impact
According to University of Agriculture, Faisalabad's
social science dean Dr. Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, The surge
in population in the city has brought unprecedented
pressure on safe drinking water. In most parts of the city,
water is not safe for drinking. It is brackish and
contaminated with various diseases. Waterborne diseases
in the city are over 25% to 35% of all hospital cases and
60% infant deaths.” He also added, “In the absence of
adequate treatment plants, effective drainage system, bulk
of the effluent from these industrial units flow into open
land and low lying areas with consequential severe
damage to flora and fauna. The offensive odor of stagnant
pools of wastewater is a great source of nuisance to the
citizens.”

6. Health impact
According to Pakistan Medical Research Council
(PMRC) survey, almost 74,000 people in Faisalabad
are affected with hepatitis B and approximately
524,000 contact hepatitis C annually.
Yet in another survey, Japan International Co-
operation Agency (JICA) along with Pakistan
Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA)
observed that 67% of collected samples of drinking
water are not appropriate for human usage.
In similar Manner Free And Fair Election Network
(FAFEN) reported that in July 2012, Faisalabad had
highest number of scabies cases (25,827) in urban
Pakistan.

7. Biologically
caused disease
Hepatitis
Gastroenteritis

10. Gastroenteritis
— Inflammation of the lining of the intestines
— Caused by viruses ( Norovirus), bacteria and parasites
— Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache,
fever, and chills
— Most people recover with no treatment but sever cases are
hospitalized

11. Arsenic poisoning
Disease caused by heavy metals
Arsenic is used in the manufacture of pesticides. The gas from arsenic also has some
industrial uses. Overexposure may cause headaches, drowsiness, confusion, seizures,
and life-threatening complications. Neurological symptoms include brain damage
(encephalopathy), nerve disease of the extremities (peripheral neuropathy),
pericapillary hemorrhages within the white matter, and loss or deficiency of the fatty
coverings (myelin) around these nerve fibers (demyelination). Skin problems include
transverse white bands on the fingernails (mees’ lines) and excessive accumulation of
fluid in the soft layers of tissue below the skin (edema). Gastrointestinal symptoms
include a flu-like illness (gastroenteritis) that is characterized by vomiting; abdominal
pain; fever; and diarrhea, which, in some cases, may be bloody.

12. Cadmium poisoning
Disease caused by heavy metals
Cadmium is used for many items, including electroplating, storage
batteries, vapor lamps and in some solders. The onset of symptoms may
be delayed for two to four hours after exposure. Overexposure may cause
fatigue, headaches, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and
fever. In addition, progressive loss of lung function (emphysema),
abnormal buildup of fluid within the lungs (pulmonary edema), and
breathlessness (dyspnea) may also be present.

13. Chromium poisoning
Disease caused by heavy metals
Chromium Chromium is used in the manufacture of cars, glass, pottery and
linoleum. Exposure to too much chromium may cause lung and respiratory tract
cancer as well as kidney diseases. In addition, overexposure to chromium may also
cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting, often with blood.
Symptoms may lead to severe water-electrolyte disorders, increased mild acidity of
blood and body tissues (acidosis), and/or inadequate blood flow to its tissues
resulting in shock. Lesions on the kidneys, liver, and muscular layer of the heart
(myocardium) may also develop.

14. Lead poisoning
Disease caused by heavy metals
Lead production workers, battery plant workers, welders and solders may be
overexposed to lead if proper precautions are not taken. Lead is stored in the bone
but may affect any organ system. There may be behavioral and neurological
changes associated with overexposure to mercury poisoning, such as excitability
and quick-tempered behavior, lack of concentration, and loss of memory. The
ultimate result is cerebellar ataxia (impaired ability to coordinate voluntary
movements), polyneuropathy (non-inflammatory degenerative disease of the
nerves) and dysarthria (tremors of the legs and arms and, in some cases, of the
tongue and lips; seizures; and/or slurred speech).

15. Disease caused by heavy metals

16. Conclusion

17. Thank you