The Glorious Revolution replaced King James II, a Catholic monarch who tried to suspend Protestant penal laws, with his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange. When James II had a Catholic son in 1688, threatening a Catholic dynasty, seven Protestant nobles invited William to invade with his army. William arrived in 1688, supported by Protestants, and James fled. William and Mary were then proclaimed king and queen by Parliament, establishing a constitutional monarchy and Protestant succession through the Bill of Rights.