Energy Efficiency: Challenges and Opportunities
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The document discusses challenges and opportunities around energy efficiency. It notes that current energy use is highly inefficient, using fossil fuels is impacting the climate and environment, and dependence on imported oil poses security risks. Transitioning to more efficient and renewable energy can help address these economic, environmental, health and geopolitical issues. The document provides data on historical and current global energy consumption, reserves of fossil fuels, and costs of different energy sources to support pursuing greater energy efficiency and renewable energy.
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Energy Efficiency: Challenges and Opportunities
- 1. Energy Efficiency: Challenges and Opportunities David Auston Executive Director, Institute for Energy Efficiency University of California Santa Barbara Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 2. The Energy Crisis – An Overview Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 3. Energy Efficiency– 5 Dimensions Economic: Our current use of energy is highly inefficient --- less than half does useful work! Environment: Greenhouse gases from fossil fuels are changing the earth’s climate. Resources: In a few hundreds years we are depleting natural resources that took millions of years to form. Security: Our dependence on imported oil and gas from politically unstable regions poses major security risks. Health: Burning fossil fuels is a major source of respiratory illness. 3 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 4. Evolution of Energy Consumption Technological Era Industrial Era Food Advanced Agriculture Home and Commerce Industry and Primitive Agriculture Agriculture Hunting Source: “The Flow of Energy in an Industrial Society”, Earl Cook, Scientific American 1971 Primitive 0 50 100 150 200 250 x1000 kCal per Day Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 5. 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 1635 1655 1675 1695 1715 1735 1755 1775 1795 1815 1835 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 Leading Global Energy Solutions 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 U.S. Historical Energy Consumption 1995 1997 1999 2001 Coal Wood Nuclear Petroleum Natural Gas Hydroelectric
- 6. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 7. Global Temperature & CO2 Source: World Bank: “Development and Climate Change Report”, 2010 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 8. Per Capita Emissions vs Population Source: World Bank: “Development and Climate Change Report”, 2010 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 9. CO2 Emissions Per Capita by State • Electricity • Industrial • Transport • Commercial • Residential Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 10. Location, Type, and Size of U.S. Power Plants Source: Benchmarking Air Emissions, M. J. Bradley & Assoc. 2010 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 11. Global Oil Reserves, 2004 Source: World Resources Institute Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 12. World Coal Reserves % Share of World Coal Reserves Bulgaria Pakistan Turkey Indonesia Canada Germany Brazil Poland South Africa Australia India China Russia United States 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 12 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 13. Pollutants from Fossil Fuels Pollutant Natural Gas Oil Coal Carbon Dioxide 117,000 164,000 208,000 Carbon Monoxide 40 33 208 Nitrogen Oxides 92 448 457 Sulfur Dioxide 1 1,122 2,591 Particulates 7 84 2,744 Mercury 0.000 0.007 0.016 Source: DOE Energy Information Administration 13 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 14. U. S. Energy Consumption 2007 (quads) Source: Over View & Summary, America’s Energy Future, NAS 2010 (Based on LLNL Data)
- 15. Global Access to Energy Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 16. Global Access to Energy 1.4 billion people have no access to electricity, and they are most in rural areas. 3 billion people continue to rely on solid fuels (traditional biomass and coal) for cooking and heating – at very high cost to productivity and health. Source: “ENERGY POVERTY: How to make modern energy access universal?”, International Energy Agency 2010 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 17. Center for Energy Efficient Materials An Energy Frontier Research Center of the 17 Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences
- 18. Number and share of population relying on biomass for cooking, 2009 Source: “ENERGY POVERTY: How to make modern energy access universal?”, International Energy Agency 2010 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 19. Premature annual deaths from household air pollution and other diseases Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 20. Solar Powered Energy Efficiency Institute for Reading Light Solar Powered Reading Light Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 21. Distributed through Churches 18)Ghana Ghana Rollout (July in Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 22. Communicating Energy Efficiency to the Public Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 23. Public Priorities – U.S. 2010 Source: Pew Foundation Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 24. Should Economy or the Environment have Priority? Source: Gallup 2010 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 25. Public Support for Mitigation (U.S) Leading Global Source: Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change; NAS 2010 Energy Solutions
- 26. Investment by Country & Sector 2009 ($B) Source: “Who’s Winning the Clean Energy Solutions Foundation 2010. Leading Global Energy Race”, Pew
- 27. U.S. Industrial R&D Spending as % Sales Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 28. U.S. Federal Budget 2010 ($Billions)
- 29. Federal Subsidies (2002-2008) Source: Environmental Law Institute 2010 29 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 30. Low Cost Efficient Renewable Energy Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 31. Cost of Electricity, U.S. (2007) Source: Overview & Summary, America’s Energy Future, NAS 2010 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 32. DOE $1 per Watt PV Goals Photovoltaic at $1/watt (installed): By 2017, demonstration of all key components and installation methods in systems at least 5MW in size and initial production orders made Target could be met with systems installed on the ground or on buildings Earth-abundant materials and recyclable components Meets all applicable safety and environmental standards Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 33. Worldwide Solar Pv is Growing Rapidly Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 34. PV Module Costs Falling, but Slowly Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 35. Multi-junction Solar Cells Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 36. Alan Heeger – Nobel Laureate 2000 Jan 4 2010 36 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 37. Concepts and Opportunities 37 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 38. 38 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 39. 39 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 40. Konarka Plastic Ribbon Solar Cell Jan 4 2010 40 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 41. Solar Bikini Jan 4 2010 41 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 42. Window/Solar Cells Jan 4 2010 42 Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 43. "Treat the earth well: it was not given to you by your parents, it was loaned to you by your children. We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors, we borrow it from our Children.” Native American Proverb Leading Global Energy Solutions
- 44. Science and Technology for a Sustainable Energy Future UC Santa Barbara 44