The document discusses various topics related to world energy outlook including: - Different types of energy sources such as sustainable, fossil fuels, nuclear, and their production methods - Turkey's energy production forecasts which expect increases in hydropower, wind, and geothermal/bioenergy - Global challenges around climate change, energy security, and reducing carbon emissions from power generation - The outlook anticipates the world will need 37% more energy by 2040 due to population growth and issues securing sufficient, clean power supplies given political and infrastructure challenges.

1. WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK
2015
Prof. Dr. Ali Nezihi BILGE
Head of Energy Engineering Department and
Director of Natural and Aplied Science Institute

2. ENERGY
•ENERGY TYPES
•PRODUCTION
•POLITICS
•SECURITY

3. Energy Types
• Sustainable Energy
• Wind
• Solar
• Hydrolic
• Jeothermal
• Bioenergy
• Hydrogen
• Nuclear Energy
• Fossil Fuels

4. Sustainable Energy
Wind
Wind Turbines catch the wind's energy with
their propeller-like blades. A blade acts much
like an airplane wing. When the wind blows, a
pocket of low-pressure air forms on the
downwind side of the blade. The low-pressure
air pocket then pulls the blade toward it,
causing the rotor to turn. This is called lift. The
force of the lift is actually much stronger than
the wind's force against the front side of the
blade, which is called drag. The combination of
lift and drag causes the rotor to spin like a
propeller, and the turning shaft spins a
generator to make electricity.

5. Solar Energy
Photovoltaic (solar cell) Systems convert sunlight
directly into electricity. They are made of
semiconducting materials similar to those used in
computer chips. When sunlight is absorbed by these
materials, the solar energy knocks electrons loose
from their atoms, allowing the electrons to flow
through the material to produce electricity. This
process of converting light (photons) to electricity
(voltage) is called the photovoltaic (PV) effect .

6. Bioenergy
We have used biomass energy or bioenergy -
the energy from organic matter - for thousands
of years, ever since people started burning
wood to cook food or to keep warm. The use of
biomass energy has the potential to greatly
reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass
generates about the same amount of carbon
dioxide as fossil fuels, but every time a new
plant grows, carbon dioxide is actually removed
from the atmosphere. The net emission of
carbon dioxide will be zero as long as plants
continue to be replenished for biomass energy
purposes.

7. Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth.
It's clean and sustainable. Resources of
geothermal energy range from the shallow
ground to hot water and hot rock found a few
miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down
even deeper to the extremely high
temperatures of molten rock called magma.
Some geothermal power plants use the steam
from a reservoir to power a turbine/generator,
while others use the hot water to boil a
working fluid that vaporizes and then turns a
turbine.

8. Hydropower
Flowing water creates energy that can be
captured and turned into electricity. This is
called hydroelectric power or hydropower.
The most common type of hydroelectric power
plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a
reservoir. Water released from the reservoir
flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in
turn activates a generator to produce
electricity. But hydroelectric power doesn't
necessarily require a large dam. Some
hydroelectric power plants just use a small
canal to channel the river water through a
turbine.

9. Hydrogen Energy
Hydrogen is the simplest element. An atom of
hydrogen consists of only one proton and one
electron. It's also the most plentiful element in
the universe. A fuel cell combines hydrogen
and oxygen to produce electricity, heat, and
water. Fuel cells are often compared to
batteries. Both convert the energy produced by
a chemical reaction into usable electric power.
However, the fuel cell will produce electricity as
long as fuel (hydrogen) is supplied, never losing
its charge.

10. NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear energy originates from the splitting of uranium atoms in a
process called fission. Fission releases energy that can be used to make
steam, which is used in a turbine to generate electricity.

11. Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons, primarily coal, fuel oil or natural gas, formed from the remains of dead plants
and animals.
In common dialogue, the term fossil fuel also includes hydrocarbon-containing natural resources that are not
derived from animal or plant sources.
These are sometimes known instead as mineral fuels.
The utilization of fossil fuels has enabled large-scale industrial development and largely supplanted water-
driven mills, as well as the combustion of wood or peat for heat.
Fossil fuel is a general term for buried combustible geologic deposits of organic materials, formed from
decayed plants and animals that have been converted to crude oil, coal, natural gas, or heavy oils by exposure
to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over hundreds of millions of years.
The burning of fossil fuels by humans is the largest source of emissions of carbon dioxide, which is one of the
greenhouse gases that allows radiative forcing and contributes to global warming

12. Fossil Fuels

13. Forecast for Turkey
• Hydrolic power production of Turkey is 30% forecasting for
2040 is 70%
• Wind power production of Turkey is 0.05%,forecasting for
2040 is 5%
• Jeothermal and Bioenergy production is around 1%,
forecasting for 2040 is around 5%

14. POLITICS
Energy Forecasting for Chine,OECD and the rest of
the world

15. Oil production expectations

16. Fossil( Coal) expectation forecast

17. Sustainable sources for electric production

18. Primary Energy Consumption of Turkey
Oil 27%
Coal
29%
Natural gaz 32%
Jeo.Wind, Solar 3%
Hydraulic 4%

19. Global Energy
Chalenges and Opportunities
Oil investments and the Chalanges with several international
oil companies. Big investment for energy
• Situation is very bad in Europe, because prices, climate and
security
Climate changes and security supply are real problem for
Europe.
And the cost of Network.

20. Global Energy
Chalenges and Opportunities
In terms of Climate changes , there is a situation in the USA
where the Shale Gas has been able to provide US market with
cheap and abundant natural gas.
On the other hand we have to look for China for next 25 years.
Investment on Nuclear energy

21. Global Energy
Chalenges and Opportunities
Environmental Protection and security problems are so
important
Important to regulate carbon from Power generation
US have a mission to reduce 30% CO2 from Power sector.
World should switch from coal to gas
Europe should also reduce carbon emission

22. ENERGY OUTLOOK
• Energy sector is under pressure not to give sufficient power supply
• Even though new tecnologies are promising but political desicions are
not enough
• Main point is the world needs 37% more energy in 2040 depending
on the increasing world population.
• Energy production is going to be on oil,LNG,coal and low carbon
energy sources in 2040

23. ENERGY OUTLOOK
• Oil production may have security problems in future
• Carbon dioxside emission is a real safety problem for energy
produced from coal.
• 550 billion US dollar subvention for fossil fuels prevents new energy
investments.
• Nuclear energy will play an important role for most of the country
politcs, especially in China

24. ENERGY OUTLOOK
• Even though some problems with Nuclear Energy, it still looks like
good choice for clean energy.
• There were 434 nuclear reactor in 2013, but around 200 of them in
Europe, USA, Russia and Japan will be out of operation by 2040.
There will be a big energy production gap. Europe will strogly feel this
energy shortage.
• Energy safety problem should be overcome.

25. THANK YOU