Offers Molecular Sieve Beads and Pallets for Mercaptan Remove from LPG and other Gas separation Industrial Applications, available Ex-Stock!!!

1. www.sorbeadindia.com
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2. What is LPG ?
 Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
 Its Colorless & Odorless.
 Its compositions of Methane, Propane 60% ,Ethane & butanes 40%.
 Propane & butane % ages changes according to seasons, Winters –
More propane & in summer more butanes.
 Small concentration of propylene & butylenes in small conc.
 Powerful odorant Ethane thiols CH3CH2SH are added for leak test.
 At normal temperatures and pressures, LPG will evaporate.
 Its is low emitting carbon fuel- Only 19% CO2 per Kwh than oils.
 Its having Calorific value of 26.1 kWh/m³ than natural Gas methane
10.6 kWh/m³.
 Its also called as C3-C4 Hydrocarbon.
 LPG replaces Chlorofluorocarbons as Aerosol propellants.
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3. LPG Compositions
 Its consist of Methane , butane , propane ,ethane.
 Acid components' like CO2 ,H2S ,COS & H2O.
 RSH- Mercaptans.
<-Methyl Mercaptans
 Methyl Mercaptans CH3SH.
 Ethyl Mercaptans C2H5SH.
 Propyl Mercaptans C3H7SH. <-Propyl Mercaptans
 Butyl Mercaptans C4H9SH.
<-Tert Butyl Mercaptans
 Longer Chain 6 Ring Mercaptans.
 Tertiary Butyl Mercapatans Blends are added in LPG which is present
at a concentration of approximately 0.9-1.3 pound/million standard cubic
feet of gas .
 -SH group which are low molecular weight gives Bad odor.
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4. Specification of LPG.
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5. Aerosols
 Aerosols are very fine particles of liquid or solid
substances suspended in air. Fog, for example, is
a normal aerosol.
 The aerosol package is a self-contained
dispensing system with three main elements:
a. Active Ingredients (soap or disinfectant, etc.)
b. Inert or Inactive ingredients (water)
c. Propellant.
 The propellant is a gaseous compound which
pushes the product out of the container and
produces a spray or foam. In most cases, the
propellant also acts as a solvent to keep the
product at the proper strength.
 Aerosols operates at 30-50 psig & does have
90% propellant.
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6. Mercaptan removal
 Deaciding – By virtue of solvents Alkanol amines & Diethanol amines,
where CO2,H2S can be removed to Max 2%.
 Ammonia treatment- Reaction of Gas feed with Olefins like
phosphoric acid, boric acid & sulfuric acid, where Mercaptans gets
convert to Sulfides & later discharge the effluent as Gas phase & Liquid
phase.
 Adsorption Molecular Sieves & Spherical active Alu-Silica Gel
technique, in which all Typical Mercaptans are selectively trapped on
Bed.
 Cracking Reaction Technique in which there is sulfur absorption at
elevated temperatures where all disulfides & CO2 are removed.
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7. Adsorption Process
High
AIR FLOW H2O,CO2,H2S
1 Activated Alumina Gel or Molecular 4 The vapor elements contact and
Sieves with respect to vapor has
got wide surface area Desiccants surfaces and they come to be
absorbed.
Low
DESICCANT BEAD Mercaptans
High H2O
AIR FLOW AIR FLOW
The vapor moves toward a low-end
2 5
territory from the territory where the
The absorption to be advanced, 695
kilogram calories/kg The adsorption heat
humidity is high and is absorbed
occurs.
Low H2O
Reaching to Gel when saturated states until,
AIR FLOW AIR FLOW to be continued, when absorbs the vapor of
The vapor is absorbed in Gel
surfaces and changes with the above that, shifts Desiccants must go for
3 water.
6 regeneration.
Vapor
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8. Loading According to Mechanism
Surface Loading Capillary Condensation
Vapor Vapor
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9. Loading According to Mechanism
45
Water Capacity, wt%
40
35
30
25 Capillary Loading
20
15
10 Surface
5 Loading
0
0 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity, wt%
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10. Adsorbent Gel Data
Alumina Molecular Activated
Parameters Silica Gel
Gel Sieves Alumina
Size mm 2 ~ 6.4 2~5 1.5 ~ 5 2-6
Al2O3 / SiO2 97 / 3 % 0.3 / 99 % - 93%/ 0.30
Surface Area 360 m2/g 750 m2/g 480 415
Total Pore
0.5 cc/g 0.37 cc/g 0.4 cc/g 0.42 cc/g
Volume
Bulk Density 770 g/l 750 g/l 700 g/l 890-930 g/l
Crush Strength 25 ~ 32 kg - 18-20 kg 29-35 kg
Regeneration 175 ~
150 ~ 180 ℃ 200 ~ 320 ℃ 180-220℃
Temp. 250 ℃
Attrition Loss < 0.5% <0.3% <0.4% <0.8%
Not Crack in
Yes No Partly No
Boiled Water
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11. Comparison of Relative Humidity Effect on Various Desiccant
45 45
40 40
W ate r C a p a c ity , w t%
35 35
30 30
25 Silica Alumina25
20 20
15 15
Molecular
10 10
Sieves
5 5
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Relative Humidity, wt%
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12. Adsorption Method
 Bed is prepared with Active Molecular
Sieves or Alu-Gel spherical beads &
then LPG flow is initiated top to
down.
 Adsorption capacity is directly related
to Molecular weight & Boiling point of
the gas. Which means H2O & high
MW components are more strongly
hold on bed than lighter components.
 C5-C6 is near to discharge side of bed,
if more feed is applied than C5 will
escape followed by C6.
 H2O is getting removed at entrance
only.
 Mercapatans are held up more
strongly than C6.
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13. Regeneration of Adsorbents
 Once saturated the bed is
thermally regenerated by
passing hot steam of feed gas
through bed, followed by
cooling & cycle repeats.
 Thermal swing is adopted in
which vapor phases out as water
from wet natural gas.
 3 bed techniques are most
favored 1-Alu gel & 2 Molecular
Sieves, 8 Hours time is good
enough for regeneration of
adsorbents.
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14. Molecular Sieves
 Molecular sieves are transition metal alumino silicates with a uniform pore
crystalline structure.
 Molecular sieves operate on the size exclusion principle. Smaller molecules that
fit into the pores are adsorbed while larger molecules pass through.
 Molecular sieves have regular pore openings of 3, 4, 5, or 10 Angstroms.
 Polarity of the molecules matter because the highly polarized molecules are
adsorbed more readily into the pores than non-polar molecules. Molecules are
selectively removed in this manner.
 Mercaptans are removed to tune of 7-8% by Special treated Macro porous
Molecular Sieves from LPG.
 Pellets does have better surface area as compared to beads.
 Pellets high surface area but more dust & Beads less dust less brakages.
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15. Alu-Gel Spherical Beads
Alu-
 The Spherical Silica Alu gel does have more water tolerant properties,
it is also called at Water resistant adsorbents.
 Highest affinity towards water molecule with capacity of 40-45% of its
own weight.
 It does adsorbs some ammonia & carbon dioxide molecules.
 Its having high mechanical strength& assures resistant to channeling's.
 Highly Water resistant & tolerant.
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16. Adsorption Techniques
 The adsorption technique is used to purify process & separate
components.
 Mercaptans are non soluble in water but they do mix with CO2 & H2S.
 CO2 & H2O removal is critical if mercaptans needed to be trapped over
bed, because CO2 adsorption capacity is lower than water with respect
to Molecular Sieves.
 Removal of H2S is must before hydrocarbon is released out.
 Natural gas always contain CO2 & there will be always some reactions
of H2S prior to HC recovery.
 CO2 +H2S -> COS +H2O…Here COS always goes with recovered
propane & H2S fractionates with Ethane.
 Sometimes Methane is present in HC , which fractionates & thus
concentrates with propane.
 Molecular Sieves 4A for such applications are best suited.
 The Various Mercaptans does have pore diameter between 12-15A for
12-
which special grade of 13X is prepared for best adsorption.
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17. Molecular Sieve Ageing ?
The aging of molecular sieves leads to loss of adsorption capacity
and deterioration of mechanical properties
Causes of Aging :
– Insoluble water
– Liquid entrainment (hydrocarbon, water)
– High water partial pressure at high temperature (above 150°C)
– Amine carryover
– CO2 , Carbonic acid formation
– H2CO3 + (Na+, Ca++, K+) Na2CO3 - NaHCO3 - Ca CO3 –K2CO3
– Decomposition of mercaptans during regeneration
– Presence of chlorides
– Mercury
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18. Safety & trouble shooting
 Periodic recharging & replacements required.
 Adsorbent will age with time & will became less effective.
 Ageing reduces the differential loading & slows down the
mass transfer rate.
 Leakage of Contamination in bed may occur.
 Mechanical failure will lead wrong performance.
 Poor mechanical design will destroy the bed support in no
time.
 Improper adsorbent installation will offer ir-ratic results.
“Like side wall of column will leak through”.
 Non compactness of bed will lead to channels & more
escape of LPG with out having correct contact with
adsorbents.
 Low crushing strength of Adsorbents will offer more
powder formation inside the bed.
 Presence of trace un known components in Process Feed.
 Regeneration fluid not initially identified.
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19. Our clients:
 Accra Pack Vapi.
 Vanessa Cosmetics Himachal Pradesh.
 ITW signode ( India ) Medak AP.
 Mosil Lubricants Mumbai.
 Chem Verse Consultants Mumbai.
 Asian Aerosols Pvt Ltd Mumbai
 SOBO international USA.
 Dishman Pharma Ahmedabad
 B.R.Labs Anand
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20. Complied by SORBEAD INDIA Technical Department