Removal of fluoride with Alumina
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Activated alumina is the only filter material specifically designed to remove fluoride and arsenic from water.
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mechanism-action-of-fluorides pedo
Fluoride reduces dental caries through multiple mechanisms including:
1) Incorporation into tooth enamel and dentin during development and after eruption, making the tooth structure less soluble in acid.
2) Interacting with the bacterial enzymes and metabolic processes that produce acid in dental plaque, reducing acid production.
3) Promoting remineralization of enamel and dentin that have been demineralized by acid from plaque bacteria.
Lecture 11. groundwater hydrology
Groundwater is water located beneath the Earth's surface that saturates pores and fractures in rock and soil. It is the largest supply of fresh water available for human use. Groundwater occurs naturally and is replenished through precipitation, though the amount that can be accessed through wells varies significantly between locations. It is stored in porous geologic formations called aquifers and can be confined by layers of impermeable rock. Wells are constructed to access groundwater from aquifers, with casing, screens, grout and gravel packs used to properly construct the well. Groundwater can become contaminated if wells are improperly built or toxic materials leak into the ground near a well.
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This document discusses water fluoridation and defluoridation. It defines water fluoridation as adjusting fluoride levels in drinking water to 1 part per million to prevent dental caries while minimizing dental fluorosis. It describes different fluoride compounds, equipment, and methods used for fluoridation including saturator, dry feeder, and solution feeder systems. It also discusses defluoridation techniques like ion exchange and the Nalgonda technique used to remove excess fluoride from drinking water.
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Packaging protects pharmaceutical products from damage and contamination. It contains the product, protects it from light, moisture, oxygen and microbes, and provides product information and identification. Desiccants like silica gel are included in packaging to absorb moisture and preserve products that degrade in the presence of water. Pillow packs are small packets made of Tyvek material that contain desiccants like silica gel or molecular sieves. They are used to absorb moisture, vapor, gas or odor from packaged products to extend shelf life. Larger unit packs following MIL-D-3464 specifications also contain desiccants in standardized sizes and properties for static dehumidification.
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Removal of fluoride with Alumina
- 1. 306-307, Prayosha Complex, Chhani Road, Vadodara – 390024, Gujarat, India Ph - +91-265-2761041/42 Fax - +91-265-2761142 Emergency No: 09824050661 Email - sales@sorbeadindia.com Web - http://www.sorbeadindia.com/ ACTIVATED ALUMINA FOR WATER TREATMENT Granular activated alumina enables the removal of arsenic and fluoride from drinking water and is used in industrial applications. Activated alumina is listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a “best available technology” (BAT) for the removal of arsenic and fluoride. NSF 61 certified Activated alumina is NSF 61 certified for drinking water applications and is used in various municipal and bottled water facility applications for the removal of arsenic and fluoride. Industrial applications With arsenic and fluoride health-related concerns on the rise, activated alumina offers a polishing step for industrial waste waters. Common applications using arsenic and fluoride within the production process include glass manufacturing, aluminum and steel processing, pesticide as well as fertilizer production and the semiconductor industry. Cost effective treatment Our product granular activated alumina has a higher bulk density that also allows for more capacity over less dense alumina. In addition, activated alumina is often a cost- effective method for removing both arsenic and fluoride since it can be regenerated to allow the material to be used multiples of times before Chemical Composition: Al2 O3 92.0 SiO2 0.02 Fe2 O3 0.03 Na2 O 0.30 LOI (250-1200º C) 7.0 Surface area, m /g 315 Total pore volume, cc/g 5 Alumina XRD phase Amorphous, chi and gamma 3 3 Packed bulk density, lbs/ft (kg/m ) 47 (752) Product Information Available packaging SORBEAD INDIA activated alumina is available in the following granular sizes: 14 X 28 Tyler mesh (1-3 mm) 28 X 48 Tyler mesh (0.3-1.9mm)