The document summarizes the circulatory system. It discusses that humans have a closed, double circulatory system consisting of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. The heart pumps blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins, carrying oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removing waste. Various activities describe the cellular components of blood and their functions, compare the structures and functions of different blood vessels, label the structures of the heart, and explain the flow of blood and pumping action of the heart.

1. BIOLOGY MODULE 2012
LEARNING AREA : TRANSPORT
Activity 1 :The circulatory system in humans and animals
The circulatory system is divided into a closed circulatory system and an open
circulatory system. Humans, fish, amphibians and birds have a closed circulatory system,
while insects have an open circulatory system. Unlike fish which have a single circulatory
system, amphibians, birds and humans have a double circulatory system.
The human circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels and the heart. Blood
is made up of blood cells and plasma. Blood cells consist of red blood cells, white blood cells
and platelets. Plasma consists of water, plasma proteins, nutrients, metabolic waste,
hormones and antibodies.
Blood vessels are divided into three types; arteries, veins and capillaries.
The heart is the organ that pumps blood, which carries all the vital materials that help
the body function and waste products that the body does not need.
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2. Transfer the information from the text above into the graphic organizer below.
Circulatory system
consists of
Open
example
Double
circulatory system
example
Human Birds Fish
consists of
Heart Blood vessel
made up of
Plasma
consists of
Red blood cell
Activity 2 : The cellular components of the blood and their functions
Write the correct cell due to its function.
Cellular component Function
Contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen and carbon
dioxide
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3. Phagocytes which engulf and digest bacteria and
dead cells
Releases enzyme that combat inflammation in
Granular
allergic reactions.
Leucocytes
Kills parasitic worms.
(white blood
Combats inflammation in allergic reactions.
cell) Produces the immune response against foreign
substances.
Agranular
Phagocytes which engulf and digest bacteria and
dead cells
Involved in the process of blood clotting.
Activity 3 : Blood vessels
Comparison between arteries, capillaries and veins. Fill in the box with correct answer.
Blood vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins
Allow rapid gaseous Carry deoxygenated
exchange, nutrients, waste blood (except for the
Function
and hormones between the pulmonary vein)
blood and cells towards the heart
The thickness of
Thinnest (one-cell thick)
the wall
No valves, except semi-
Valves lunar valves in the aorta
and pulmonary artery
The size of
Small Large
lumen
Activity 4 : The Human Heart
The heart consists of four chambers: left and right atria, and left and right ventricles.
The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. The bicuspid valve
separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. These valves prevent backflow of blood from
the ventricles into the atria when the ventricles contract. Semi-lunar (mitral) valves are
present at the base of the aorta and the pulmonary artery to prevent the backflow of blood
into the ventricles.
Complete the label of the structure of the human heart.
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4. Pulmonary vein
Superior vena cava
Left atrium
Right atrium
Septum
Chorda tendinae
The wall of left ventricle
Activity 5 : The flow of blood in the heart
Fill in the blanks.
1. Vena cava carry d_________ __ blood  right a__________  through
t______________ valve  right v_____________  through s ______________
valves  p_______________ arteries  lungs.
2. Oxygenated blood from the lungs is carried by p_______________ veins  left
a____________  through b_____________ valve  left v______________
 through s________________ valves  aorta.
Activity 6 : The pumping of the heart
Match the figure with the correct sequence of contraction of the heart muscles which results in
the pumping of the heart :
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5. 1. The SA node as the pacemaker
generates electrical impulses.
2. The electrical impulses spread
rapidly over the walls of both atria,
causing the atria to contract
simultaneously. The contraction of
the atria helps push blood into the
ventricles.
3. The electrical impulses spread to
the ventricles causing them to
contact and push blood out to the
lungs and body.
4. The electrical impulses reach the
AV node. Bundle of His fibres,
bundle branches and Purkinje fibres
conduct the impulses to the apex of
the heart
Activity 7 : The circulatory systems in insects, fish, amphibians and humans
Complete the table below to show the differences between the circulatory systems of insects,
fish, amphibians and humans.
Organisms Insects Fish Amphibians Humans
Open Closed
Type of circulatory system
- Single Double
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6. Separation of oxygenated
- - Incomplete
and deoxygenated blood
(A single
Number of chambers in blood vessel
Four
the heart forms the
heart)
Activity 8 : The Mechanism of Blood Clotting
Complete the schematic diagram below.
stimulates
Damaged blood Agglutination of
vessels platelets
secretes
Liver T___________
Vitamin K
Ca+
Prothrombin T___________ Activity
_
9 : The Lymphatic System
A Tick ( √ ) if the F________
F___________
(insoluble protein)
statement is true, (soluble cross ( X ) if the
statement is wrong.
1. Lymph flows into the lymph nodes to filter out bacteria, Blood clotting
foreign particles and
dead leucocytes. ( )
2. Interstitial fluid is the fluid that fills up the space between cells. ( )
3. Interstitial fluid and lymph are different because they arise from different source. ( )
4. Lymph is in the blood vessels. ( )
5. Lymph contains glucose, amino acids, fat droplets, dissolved gases, minerals
and hormones but no lymphocytes. ( )
6. Thoracic duct connects with the circulatory system at the left subclavian vein. ( )
7. Exchange of materials occurs between the body cells and interstitial fluid. ( )
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7. 8. Interstitial fluid is formed due to high pressure in the body cells. ( )
9. Fatty acids and glycerol are transported by lacteal into the right lymphatic duct
to be returned to the circulatory system. ( )
10. Interstitial fluid that fails to return to the circulatory system can cause oedema. ( )
B Fill in the blanks the correct word to explain the concepts and facts regarding the
lymphatic system.
1. The flow of lymph in the lymphatic vessels is aided by the contraction of s___________
m_____________ around it.
2. Interstitial fluid is returned to the circulatory system in two ways :
(a) by diffusing back into the t d and the r ________
l d___________
(b) through the c_______________ into the circulatory system.
Activity 10 : The Body’s Defence Mechanism
Complete the schematic diagram below.
Lymphatic system
is involved
in
Defence mechanism
is divided into
First S__________ T_________
line of defence _______________ _______________
consists of consists of
consists of
Phagocytic white Lymphocyte
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M________ blood cell
S_______ m__________

8. Activity 11 : The mechanisms used by antibodies to destroy things
Match each mechanism with the explanation on the right boxes.
Antibodies can clamp pathogens
together. The clumping makes the
pathogens easy targets for
phagocytes to capture and destroy.
Opsonins are antibodies that bind
with antigens to act as markers so
that phagocytes can recognize the
antigens and destroy them.
Lysins are antibodies that bind to
antigens and cause the antigens to
rupture or disintegrate
Activity 12 : Immunity
An antibody can neutralize the toxins
produced by bacteria by binding to
the toxin. This prevents the toxin 8
from attaching to cells and causing
damage.

9. The schematic diagram below shows the various types of immunity. Complete the diagram.
Types of immunity
Active immunity Passive immunity
is divide into
Naturally acquired Artificially acquired Naturally acquired Artificially acquired
example
C__________p___ H____________, Antibodies are T____________
d____ _, p______ required from the
mother
Activity 13 : The Transport of
Organic Substances and Water in Plants
characteristics
- A_____________ - A v _________ - A foetus receives - A serum which
are produced in stimulates the body maternal antibodies contains antibodies
response to the to produce through p_______. or a____________
antigens. antibodies. can be injected
- Babies acquire the from the donors.
- The person is - The body has immunity through
immune after he acquired immunity breastfeeding. - Temporary
has been infected through vaccination. immunity
by it. - Temporary
immunity
- Permanent
immunity
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10. A. Complete the schematic diagram below.
PLANTS
divided into types of transport
Xylem P______
function in
Transport of w_______ Transport of
and m____________ o________ s________
from roots to leaves through translocation
via three mechanisms
Root pressure Transpiration pull C________ and a_________
in the xylem
due to
T____________
Sample questions.
1. Figure 1 shows the human circulatory system.
Figure 1
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11. (a) Name circulations P and Q. Describe each circulation.
(i) P : ________________________________________________________________
Description : _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(i i) Q : ________________________________________________________________
Description : _________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
( 4 marks )
(b) On Figure 1, mark the following flow of blood to illustrate the circulations P and Q.
• Oxygenated blood with the arrow ( )
• Deoxygenated blood with the arrow ( ) ( 1 mark )
(c) The pacemaker of a patient’s heart fails to function. An electronic pacemaker is used to
replace the original pacemaker.
Explain how the electronic pacemaker works.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
( 3 marks )
(d) Table 1 shows the volume of blood and the blood pressure in blood vessels X and Y.
Blood vessel Volume / cm3 Pressure / kPa
X 100 13.3
Y 300 0.3
Table 1
( i) Based on Figure 1 and Table 1, what conclusion can you make about the rate of blood
flow in the blood vessels X and Y? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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12. ( 2 marks )
(ii) Explain how vigorous exercise increase the blood flow in the blood vessel X.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
2. Figure 2 shows left half of the human heart.
Figure 2
(a) On Figure 2,
( i) complete the right half of the heart and label the drawn parts.
(ii) draw an arrow to show the flow of blood. ( 3 marks )
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13. (b)( i) Which chamber is relax?
______________________________________________________________________
(ii) Based on Figure 2, give two reasons to support the answer of (b)(i).
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
( 3 marks )
(c)( i) State the difference between chambers labeled Y and Z.
______________________________________________________________________
(ii) Explain the importance of the difference in (c)(i).
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
(d) )( i) Do the contractions of the cardiac muscle need to be stimulated by nerve impulses?
______________________________________________________________________
(ii) Explain your answer in (d)(i).
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
3. Figure 3 shows the concentration of antibody in the blood of Individuals P and Q during
the treatment to acquire immunity.
(a) Identify the type of immunisation given to each of them.
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14. Individual P : __________________________________________________________
Individual Q : ___________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
(b) State the difference of the antibody concentration in the blood between Individual P and
Q. Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
(c) State the advantages of the type of immunisation given to both individuals.
Individual P : __________________________________________________________
Individual Q : ___________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
(d) Apart from the natural defences provided by the phagocytes and the lymphocytes,
antibiotics and vaccination are used to combat infectious diseases.
Explain what is meant by :
( i) antibiotic : _______________________________________________________
(ii) vaccines : ________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
4. Table 2 shows the information of types of blood.
Type of
blood
Cell P Cell Q Cell R Cell S
Produces
Carries oxygen Defense antibodies : Blood clotting
Function and carbon mechanism - Lysine
dioxide - Agglutinin
- Antitoxin
Table 2
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15. (a)( i) Cell Q engulfs the pathogen entering the body by phagocytosis. Complete the diagram
below to show the mechanism of phagocytosis occurred in cell Q.
Pathogens
(ii) Cell R destroys the pathogens entering the body by the action of antibodies. State one
of the mechanisms used by antibodies to destroy pathogens.
______________________________________________________________________
( 1 mark )
(b)( i) Explain how cell P functioning in the transportation of respiration gases.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
( 3 marks)
(ii) Based on Table 2, state two structural differences between Cell P and Cell Q.
1. ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
(c)( i) Explain how Cell S functioning in the blood clotting.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
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16. (ii) Write down two enzymic reactions in the mechanism of blood clotting.
1.
2.
( 2 marks )
Nama:……………………………………………………
Ole-ole Biologi
Tingkatan :………………………………………………
FORM 5 : CHAPTER 1
Nama Guru:……………………………………………... 16
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