The document discusses nutrition and provides information on various topics related to nutrition including: - The definition of nutrition and the importance of nutrients from food for living organisms. - Different classes of foods and their calorific values. - Factors that influence an individual's calorie requirements such as age, gender, body size, and activity level. - Health problems related to malnutrition and obesity. - The importance of good nutrition and eating habits for preventing diseases.

1. NUTRITION
PREPARED BY :-
MUSTAFIZURAHMAN BIN MUSTAFA KAMAL
CLASS 5 UKM
NUTRTION

2. -INTRODUCTION-
 All living organism need food to survive
 Food contains various type of nutrients, such as proteins,
carbohydrates, fats , vitamins and minerals
 The intake of nutrients by living organisms is known as
nutrition
 Food is needed by living organisms
(a) to maintain health
(b) as a source of energy
(c) to carry out life processes such as breathing, growing,
excreting and reproducing
• The energy content of a food is known as its calorific value
• The calorific value of a food can be determined by using a
bomb calorimeter

3. -INTRODUCTION-
The diagram show the
instrument ”bomb
calorimeter” that is used to
determine the calorific value
of a food

4. What is Nutrition?
- Nutrition is the intake of nutrients by living organisms
- The unit used to measure the energy contained in food is
calorie (kJ)
- The calorific value of food is the total energy released from
food when it is oxidized completely in body
The table shows that the food have different calorific
value
Class of food Calorific value (kJ)
Carbohydrates 17.2
Proteins 22.2
Fats 38.5

5. VARIOUS OF FOOD WITH
DIFFERENT CALORFIC VALUE

6. CLASSES OF FOOD
PROTEIN
CARBOHYDRATE
CLASSES OF FOOD
WATER
FATS
ROUGHAGE
VITAMINS/MINERALS

7. CARBOHYDRATES
- Carbohydrates is the main source of energy
- Examples that food that rich in carbohydrates
is:-
1. Rice
2. Beef Food that have major calories in carbohydrates
3. Bread
Carbohydrates shown
right contains starch
that needs to keeps on
control in intake

8. FATS
- Fats acts as a heat insulator and protects internal organs
- Food that rich in fats:-
(a) Chocalate
(b)Pizza
(c)Cheese
These food cannot
take excessively !!!

9. VITAMINS/MINERALS
- Vitamins helps a person to maintain our health
- Food rich in vitamins
(a)Vitamin A –Carrots
(b)Vitamin B-Tablets,
tempe
(c)Vitamin C-mostly vegetables and fruits

10. PROTEIN
- Protein builds new cells for growth and replace damage cells
- Examples food rich on protein
(a) Fish
(b) Grain
(c) Assorted beans
Protein makes a
person to grow in
height.

11. -WATER-
- Water is a medium that is needed in the body for chemical
reactions in our body.
We should take 8 glasses
of water a day

12. -ROUGHAGE-
- Roughage helps the movement of food through digestive
tract (to avoid constipation)
-Food that rich on roughage:-
(a)Fruits
(b)Vegetables
(c)Nuts
(e)Barly

13. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON
INDIVIDUALS CALORIES
REQUIREMENT
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS
CALORIES REQUIREMENT:-
- Infants, children and teenagers need more calories than the
old people
- This is because they are still growing and needs more energy
to undergo the process
- Old people need less energy ; because they are less active
-Less-
(old
people)
-More-
(teenegers)

14. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON
INDIVIDUALS CALORIES
REQUIREMENT
Generally, males need more calories than female
because:-
(a) Male are more active than females
(b) Males have large body size than females
- An individual with big body size need more calories
than smaller sized individual because:-
(a) There are no weight to support
(b) There are more cell to feed

15. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON
INDIVIDUALS CALORIES
REQUIREMENT
-A physically active worker such as farmer or a laborer
requires more calories than an office worker.
-This is because a lot of energy is used up for muscular
contraction
-A healthy person generally requires more calories than
one who is sick.
-This is because is sick person is generally less active or
be bedridden

16. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON
INDIVIDUALS CALORIES
REQUIREMENT
- A person who is in a cold surroundings needs more calories
than ones who is in a warm place
-This is because in a cold surroundings, more energy is lost from
our body to the surroundings; therefore more calories will be
needed to maintain a constant body temperature
Need more
(cold
surroundings)
Need less
(warm
surroundings)

17. HEALTH PROBLEMS
RELATED TO NUTRITION
- The diet of a person should contain sufficient nutrients in
correct quantity
- Dietition are people who are trained to give people advice
about what they eat or drink to be healthy
- Improper nutrition can lead to health problems such as:-
CLICK ANY OF THE TOPIC TO VIEW
MALNUTRITION OBESITY
ANOREXIA
NERVOSA

18. MALNUTRITION
- A person is suffering from malnutrition if his diet contains
insufficient or an excess amount of certain nutrients
- Malnutrition can lead to many types of health problems, list
of problem will be shown on the next slide.
Scurvy
High blood
pressure Kwashiorkor
Diabetes
Gout
Rickets

19. MALNUTRITION
Disease/health Cause Symptoms Can be prevent
disorder with:-
High blood pressure -excessive intake of -mostly without -exercise
salt, fat , cholesterol symptoms -eat less food
contain fat
Diabetes -excessive intake of -presence of sugar -eat less sweet food
sugar on urine
Scurvy -lack of vitamin c -bleeding gums -eat more fruits and
vegetables
Kwashiorkor -lack of protein -diarrhoea Consume more
-accumulation fluid seafood's
Rickets -lack of vitamin d -soft bones -Drink more milk
- Bow leggedness -Expose to sunlight
Gout -excessive protein -pain in joints -Reduce taking
-disposition uric acid protein foods
Night blindness -lack of vitamin A -poor vision in dim -eat liver,egg,carrots
light more often

20. OBESITY
- A person is said to be overeating when he takes in more
than what his body needs
- The extra calories will be stored in the form of fats under the
skin and around organs
- This can lead to obesity. THIS SHOULD
BE
PREVENTED
BY REGULAR
EXERCISE
THREE TYPES OF DIESEASES
ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY
-HEART ATTACK
-DIABETES
-HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

21. -ANOREXIA-
- Anorexia is a psychological illness
- Anorexia is an illness due to intense fear of gaining weight
and starving oneself to become thin and underweight.
- It occurs more often in adolescent females than males
- It can develops slimming which makes a person dislike
eating or refusing to eat
- As a result, they suffer malnutrition and lose a lot of weight
-Death can occur due to
extreme starvation.
- It usually needs
counseling to treat it.

22. DISEASES RESULTING FROM
UNHEALTHY EATING
HABITS
- Un healthy eating habits can also leads to diseases
- The table shows some comparisons unhealthy eating habits
and their consequences
Unhealthy eating habit Consequences
-Eating too much meat food which -narrowing of arteries due to deposit
are rich in saturated fats and of cholesterol
cholesterol
Overeating, especially over - Diabetes
consumption of carbohydrates and
fats
-Eating too much snacks and junk -High blood pressure
food, especially which high in salt - Diabetes
- Irregular meal times or skipping - Gastric ulcers
meal to often
-Eating too fat and swallowing food - Indigestion
without proper chewing

23. GOOD NUTRITION AND
GOOD EATING HABITS
- Many health problems and diseases are related to improper
nutrition and bad eating habits
- We should take good nutrition and practice good eating
habits
- We should take balanced diet
- A balanced diet contains all the classes of food in the right
amount, in accordance with the needs of our body
- It should contain plenty of grains, fruits and vegetables,
moderate amount of protein-rich food, and as little fats and
sugar as possible.
- Using a food pyramid will help a balanced diet in daily life

24. -FOOD PYRAMID-
THE FOOD
PYRAMID
ONCE YOU
TAKING
NUTRITION
BASED ON
FOOD
PYRAMID,YOUR
DAILY INTAKE
NUTRIENT IS
BALNCED AND
HEALTHY

25. -SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS FORM 5
-NEXUS PRO SCIENCE
-INTERNET SITES
-PUAN NOR DIANA AS CONSULANT TEACHER
-VIDEOS FROM YOUTUBE FOR MORE INFO
-SCIENCE FORM 5 TEXT BOOK-MAIN SOURCE

26. PREPARED BY:MUSTAFIZURAHMAN
5UKM