This document provides an overview of the modules and requirements for a course on principles and applications of precision agriculture. It outlines the two-day course schedule which includes introductions to concepts like yield variability, components of precision agriculture, relevant technologies, and geostatistics. Participants are required to have their own laptop and software including Google Earth, GS+, and MapInfo Professional. Computer lab sessions will focus on installing software, downloading data, performing spatial analysis and modeling, creating maps, and overlaying data.

1. Module for Principles and Application of Precision Agriculture
Requirements for each Participant
a. Should have own Laptop or Personnel Computers
b. Internet accessibility to download Google Earth software
And Statistical data verification
c. Software GS+ For Windows
d. Software MapInfo Professional Version 8.5
DAY 1
The needs of Precision Agriculture
Precision Agriculture Concept and System
Yield Variability
Component of Principle Agriculture
a. Spatial Referring
b. Crop and Soil Monitoring
c. Spatial Prediction and Mapping
d. Decision Support
e. Differential Action
Technology in Precision Agriculture
a. Remote Sensing (RS)
b. Geographic Informations System (GIS)
c. Global Positioning System (GPS)
d. Variable-rate technology (VRT)
Quantify Variability using Geostatistics Sensors
a. Concept
b. Procedure in Sampling, Variogram and Interpolation

2. Soil Sampling
Sampling Method
Geostatistic Steps
a. Spatial Modelling (variography)
b. Spatial Interpolation (Kriging)
Variography using Semivariogram
a. Understanding Sill
b. Understanding Nuggets
c. Understanding Range
Afternoon – Computer Works
1. Installation of Software GS+ (Geostatistic for the Environmental Sciences) and MapInfo
Professional Version 8.5
2. Download Software Google Earth
3. Ensure Mapinfo with Projection of Malaysia
4. Data Sampling download from Word/ Excell
DAY 2
Understanding Type of Variogram Modelling
a. Spherical
b. Exponential
c. Gaussian
d. Hole effect
e. Anisotropic
f. Isotropic
Interpolation Method
a. Nearest neighbor

3. b. Local average
c. Inverse distance weighting
d. Contouring
e. Kriging
Sensor System
Positioning Systems (Satelite-based navigation System)
GPS Accuracy and factors affecting it
Differential GPS
Geographic Information System
a. Objectives
b. Types
c. Sources
d. Component Hardware
e. Digital mapping
f. Process and Data Processing
g. GIS Data Format (Raster and Vector)
Remote Sensing
a. Understanding
b. Method Data Collection
c. Uses of Data and Advantages
d. Basic of RS
e. Electromagnetic Spectrum and understanding

4. f. Active Sensing System
g. Passive Sensing System
h. Measurement of performance
i. RS Data for Site Specific purpose
Introduction to GIS
a. What and Why GIS is important
b. Practical Application
c. GIS as s set of Interrelated Subsystem
d. Geospatial Data (Digital and Analogue data)
e. Data inputs
f. Raster data
g. Vector Data
h. Database management system
i. Vector Overlay processing Algorithms
1. Point-in-Polygon
2. Line-in-Polygon
3. Polygon-on-Polygon
j. Raster Spatial Analysis – Specific Theory
k. Bilinear Interpolation
l. Digital elevation model
Remote Sensing
a. Concept of Sampling
b. Basic Step of Visual and Digital Image Analysis

5. Afternoon – Computer Works
1. Transfer and create Table Data into GS+
2. Understanding X-coordinate and Y-coordinate, Longitude and Latitude, RSO west
Malaysia, WGS 84
3. Outlier Data at www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/grubbs/ , understanding significant and
not significant data presentations
4. Understanding Modelling
5. Data Summary, Skewness Data and Transformation
6. Semivariance analysis
7. Quantile posting
8. Interpolation
9. Cross validate data
10. Regression coefficient
11. Drawing 2D-Map
12. Overlay Sampling Posting
13. Map Contour Level
14. Save file in JPEG, Save Table and Save Workspace
Day 3 – Computer Works
1. Understanding Command in MapInfo
2. Create New Browser/ Table MapInfo
3. New Table Structure
4. Projection – MRSO-MRT, RSO West Malaysia
5. Copy Data from GS+ into MapInfo
6. Unselect all Data
7. Create Points for Table
8. Create New Map Window

6. 9. Understanding Layer Control
10. Layer Control for ID
11. Layer Control for Z value
12. Map Option (change into metric unit)
13. Choose projection Latitude/Longitude (WGS 84)
14. Understanding point object coordinate
15. Overlay Coordinate into Google Earth Live
16. Drawing Polygon or Polyline on Map
17. Check Region Object
18. Save as Table, Save as Workspace
19. Create Raster Table and Image Registeration, Error must be zero
20. Confirmed control points and Malaysia projections
21. Overlay Map onto Sampling Data
22. Layer control to clear map outside maintained Digitalized Map layer and alter other
layer
23. New Table, Add to current Mapper and create
24. Save Table and Save Workspace
25. Layer control, maintained Digitalized Map layer and unclick cosmetic layer and other
layer if required accordingly
26. Understanding Polygon and Polyline and Corner
27. Commence Digitized
28. Create Map
- Draw Distance Scale
- Draw North Indicator
- Draw Legends
29. Finalised Map