This document discusses the origins and history of the Filipino people through various theories and groups. It covers: 1) Five theories on the origin of the Philippines - the land bridge, big bang, biblical, Darwinian, and continental drift theories. 2) The legendary beginnings of Filipino ancestors from the myth of Malakas and Maganda. 3) The major racial groups - Negritos, Indonesians, and Malays. 4) The major ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines like Visayans, Tagalogs, Ilocanos, and others. 5) Core cultural values of Filipinos like family ties, respect for elders, loyalty, sensitivity

1. POL 102 PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MODULE 2: HISTORICAL
FOUNDATIONS

2. OBJECTIVES:
• 1. Discuss the various theories on
Philippine evolution.
• 2. Identify the distinct traits of Filipinos
different from the people of other
neighbouring countries.
• 3. Look for something indigenous/
cultural value and show it in the class.

3. A. Origin of the Philippines
• 1. Land bridge theory- according to this
theory, the earth is was made up of huge
landmasses that connected each piece of
land to one another through land bridges
located above big bodies of water

4. • 2. Big Bang theory- a massive
explosion from within the landmass
are believed to have been origin of
the present-day countries including
the Philippines

5. • 3. Biblical Theory-this theory states that
God created heaven and earth, after
which the first man and woman named
Adam and Eve. It was from these two
living creatures of God that various races
sprouted.

6. • 4. Darwinian Theory-traces man’s origin
from apes, the ancestors of man (homo
erectus)left Africa- cradle of man’s
remote past and scattered throughout
the world crossing the land bridges.

7. • 5. Theory of Continental Drift- Philippines
once was a part of Mainland China. According
to the scientists, during the Ice Age, the
waters surrounding the Philippines dropped to
about 156 feet below the present levels,
exposing large bodies of land. These became
land bridges connecting the Philippines to the
Asian mainland.

8. B. Legendary Beginnings of the Filipino
Ancestors
• 1.Myth of Malakas and Maganda
• 2. Baked Clay figures of white,
black and brown race

9. C. Racial Origins
• 1. Negritos( aetas or pygmies). They are short,
round-headed with kinky hair, small flat nose
with thick lips and dark complexion.At present
descendants of Negritos live in Bataan,
Zambales, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Pamapanga,
Mindoro, Palawan, Negros, Panay.

10. • 2. Indonesians-tall,slender in
physique, light complexion, thin lips
and high aquiline nose. Their strain is
very strong in ethnic groups in
Apayao, Ibanag, Ilongots, Gaddangs
and Ilongots.

11. • 3. Malays-they are carried by
balangays they are medium in
height, slim but well built, brown
skin and with black hair and dark
brown eyes.
•

12. D. Major Groups of Inhabitants
• 1. Visayans
• 2. Tagalog
• 3. Ilocanos
• 4. Bicolanos

13. E. Ethnic Groups
• Ivatan are found
in Batanes . They
have close cultural
links
with Taiwanese
Aborigines.

14. BADJAO
Badjaos are
found in the Sulu
Archipelago.

15. Igorot
• The Igorot(Bontoc,
Ibaloi, Ifugao, Isneg,
Kalinga, Kankana-
ey,Kalanguya), live in
the highlands
of Luzon

16. Ilongots
• The Ilongot
is a headhunting
ethnic group
found in
the Caraballo
Mountains.

17. Lumad
• The Lumad of Mindanao includes several
tribes such as the Manobo, the Tasaday, the
Mamanwa, the Mandaya, and the Kalagan.
They primarily inhabit the eastern parts of
Mindanao such as the Caraga and Davao
Regions

18. LUMAD

19. Mangyan
• The Mangyan
are found in
Mindoro.

20. BATAK
• The Batak is a
group of
indigenous Filipino
people that
resides in the
northeast portion
of Palawan.

21. MOLBOG
• The Molbog means
"murky or turbid
water". The Molbog
are probably a
migrant people from
nearby North
Borneo. They are
found in Palawan.

22. MANOBO
• Most numerous of
ethnic group in
the Philippines.
They live on
Sarangani Island to
the Mindanao
mainland.

23. Maranao
• “People of the Lake”
• They build houses near
the Lanao Lake
• They are known for
weaving and wood and
metal crafts
• Among their popular
design is the sarimanok
and naga.

24. F. Other Characteristics of the Filipino
Society
• Population:
• Language: The official language of the country
is Filipino. There are about 80 native
languages and 142 dialects.
• Economy: Agriculture: Farming, forestry and
fishery are major agricultural activities in the
country.

25. Cultural Traits:
• Acculturation- embraces limited concept. It is
purely absorption and adaptation of foreign
influences in totality.
• Inculturation- It is a process where foreign
influences are gradually subjected to a kind of
filtration or segregation.

26. G. Core Values of Filipinos
• 1. close family ties- a strong bond among
family members
• 2. respect for elders-usage of po and opo,
kissing of the hand of the elders
(pagmamano). Obeying elders and
following their advice.
• 3. loyalty- true allegiance (padrino)

27. • 4. sensitivity- onion-skinned or the
tendency to be hurt easily by unpleasant
remarks.
• 5. religiosity-spirituality or strong faith in
God
• 6. Resiliency (fatalism) (Bahala na)
•

28. DEBATE
• Dapat bang alisin ng mga Pilipino ang
ugaling “Bahala Na”?

29. Assignment
• Bring a product that is purely Filipino in
nature then discuss it’s nature and
importance in the class.

30. Quiz
1. What theory explains the first
migration of Filipinos through
land bridges?

31. • 2.What theory states that human
race came from Adam and Eve?

32. • 3. What theory explains that
man came from the evolution
of an ape?

33. • 4. What theory explains that
Philippines was once a part of
Mainland China?

34. • 5. This myth is about the first man and woman