Useful and helpful

1. Republic of the Philippines
BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY
SARMIENTO CAMPUS
City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan
PORTFOLIO
IN
SSP 101b –
Philippine
Indigenous
Communities
Dizon, Samuel H. Dr. Marites Valendez
BSBA FM 3A Subject Specialist
2015503588

2. The Indigenous
People

3. LESSON #1 THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
Observe in your community.
1. Is there a family belonging to the peasant group?
 Yes. In some areas in our community.
2. Is there a family belonging to the Indigenous group in your locality?
 Yes.
3. Do they enjoy the same rights and privileges as you do?
 No. They do not enjoy not the same rights and privileges as I do especially the Badjaos.
4. Does everyone treat them squarely and fairly?
 No. Most people avoid them.
5. What could be their survival rate?
 I think, there’s only 50% survival rate because they don’t have job and the capacity to provide their
needs.
6. Is social justice quite eminent to them?
 Mostly, no.
7. What could possibly be your reaction if you're one of them?
 I will get hurt for not being treated as a human.
8. Could there be hope for them?
 Yes. Of course, as long as the government supports them on their education and provide work for
the adults.
9. Could they be considered as one of the most treasured human resources?
 Yes.
10. What could be done to alleviate their burden?
 Government programs to support their living.

4. ACTIVITIES
A. Put an (*) if the foregoing statement emanate EQUALITY in law.
1. A T'boli being mocked by the bystander.
_*_ 2. An Igorot dressed up in their nature costume performing on stage.
3. A Tasaday family occupying a shanty in a slum area.
4. A policeman beating up an old Izneg beside the road.
5. The Ifugaos being used as exhibitionists in a land obscene show.
_*_ 6. The government granting autonomy to the Indigenous community.
7. An electional proceeding in their own time schedule sets upon.
_*_ 8. Bayanihan Dance Troupe trying to portray native dances in tourism promotion to other
countries.
9. Broadcasters who belittle the uncivilized and uneducated ethnic minority group.
10. The Mangyans trying to roam along the street begging for alms.
B. Imagery: create an image, scenario or sketch depicting Filipino custom (Comics style
with dialogues)
Source: https://www.facebook.com/KabataangKatolikoAko/photos/pagmamano-mano-or-bless-
is-an-honoring-gesture-in-the-filipino-culture-as-a-sign/2215042421935323/

5. C. Choose your answer and put a to the corresponding columns.
ALWAYS SOMETIMES NEVER
1. I comment harshly to a disheveled
appearance of a man.
2. I only have liking for rich people.
3. I contemplate first before I extend
assistance.
4. I usually give without expecting
repayment / restitution.
5. I admonish people who make fun of
others.

6. Lesson 2:
Facts about the
Indigenous People
In the Philippines

7. LESSON#2 THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN THE PHILIPPINES
FACTS ABOUT INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN LUZON, VISAYAS AND
MINDANAO
LUZON
 In Region 1 and CAR, the indigenous peoples are concentrated in the northern mountain
ranges of the Cordillera occupying the interior hills, narrow strips of flat land along deep
valleys, and plateaus
 The Philippines is a culturally diverse country with an estimated 14- 17 million Indigenous
Peoples (IPs) belonging to 110 ethno-linguistic groups. 33% of them are mainly
concentrated in Northern Luzon
 A common geographical distinction is often made between Igorot (Tagalog for
'mountaineer') on Luzon.
 The Igorots of the Cordilleras are among the indigenous peoples of the Philippines who are
suffering from a national oppression deeply rooted in the Filipino society.
 Ten upland tribal groups on Luzon have been identified: Ifugao, Bontoc, Kankanay, Ibaloi,
Kalinga, Tinguian, Isneg, Gaddang, Ilongot and Negrito. Ifugaos of Ifugao province,
Bontocs of Mountain and Kaling-Apayao provinces and Kankanay and Ibaloi of Benguet
province were all wet-rice farmers who have for centuries worked their elaborate rice
terraces.
VISAYAS
 The “Manyan” People The indigenous groups in the Visayas –mostly in Mindoro – are
called Mangyan. Again, there are many ethnic groups such as the Tadyawan, Tagbanwa,
Palawano, Molbog and Kagayanan. Mangyan: It is a common name used to refer to eight
ethnic tribes in Philippines.
 The Mangyan people come from the Mindoro islands and their population is around
100,000. The Mangyan people practice subsistence agriculture and they cultivate a number
of varieties of the sweet potato along with taro and rice.
 They follow a religion called Animism.
 Mangyan of Mindoro: This is a generic name for the six ethno-linguistic groups spread over
the mountains and foothills of Mindoro, an island southwest of Luzon, namely, Batangan,
Iraya, Hanunoo, Alangan, Ratagnon, Buhid, and Tadyawan.
 They are described as the first inhabitants of the island, and until today, they are one of the
few groups that still practice a pre-Spanish form of writing. Their present population is
about 150,000.
MINDANAO
 The Lumad and Moro. There is some differentiation of the indigenous people in Mindanao.
The Moro and the Lumad. The Moro practice Islam and the Lumad do not.
 Moro is Spanish for the word Moor. Lumad means indigenous or native.
 This is a generic term embracing all non-Muslim hill tribes of Mindanao. Lumad is a
Visayan term that means “born and grown in the place”.
 The Lumad peoples are composed of some eighteen ethnic groups and they form the largest
grouping of indigenous peoples in the country.
 The Moro or Muslim Groups: These are the Muslims in Mindanao composed of fourteen
groups, namely, Maranao, Maguindanao, Tausug, Samal, Yakan, Sangil, Palawani, Badjao,
Kalibugan, Jama-Mapun, Ipanun, Kalagan, Molbog, and Muslim.

8. CATEGORIES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
LUZON
1. Igorot Tribes from the Northern Philippines
The Igorots, which comprises numerous tribes in the
northern part of the country, are mostly residing in the
mountain ranges of the Cordillera Region. They are
popularly known for being rice cultivators. An
assortment of the group called the Ifugaos built the
Banaue Rice Terraces – frequently called the ‘eighth
wonder of the world’. The ancestors of this indigenous
tribe carved a system of irrigated rice terraces in the
mountains of Ifugao more than 2,000 years ago.
2. Ifugao Tribe
Ifugao is located at the foot of the Cordillera Mountain
Ranges. Its capital is Lagawe.
The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras and
Banaue Rice Terraces are the main tourist attractions in
the province. These terraces are believed to have been
hand-carved into the mountains 2,000 years ago to
plant rice.
The Ifugao people have an indigenous religion unique
to their traditional culture, and highly significant to the
preservation of their life ways and valued traditions.
They believe in the existence of thousands of gods,
which may enter specific sacred objects such as the
bul-ul.
3. Negrito Tribe
The Negritos of the Philippines are comprised of
approximately 25 different ethnolinguistic groups,
widely scattered throughout the archipelago, totaling
an estimated 15,000 people. All are or were hunter-
gatherer societies. Today they are found in various
stages of deculturation, and most are involved in
agriculture.
4. Kankanaey Tribe
The Kankanaey live in the upland areas of
Benguet province and belong to the tribal group
called "Igorots" They are one of the larger tribes
the region. They are a hardworking people in the
field of agriculture who are already reached by
modern technologies. The Kankanaey build rice
terraces which have become sufficient sources of
food. The staple foods of the Kankanaey are
camote, rice, potatoes, and other root crops like
tugi and gabi. Hunting is also practiced by the
people with the use of spears and dogs, while fishing is done with the use of bamboo traps. The
Kankanaey women are said to be the best weavers in Benguet province. They produce sweaters,
shirts and blankets. They also produce baskets, potteries and furniture which are marketed in the
city of Baguio and other nearby towns.

9. 5. Bontoc Tribe
Between the Ifugao and Kalinga regions,
Bontoc was asignificant cluster of tribal palm
huts along the Chico River. Traditional
animists, the Bontoc tribespeople had resisted
conversion under the Spanish, but American
missionaries were beginning to introduce their
belief systems into the region.
VISAYAS
1. ABAKNON
The Sama Abaknon are found i n the San Bernardino
Strait and Capul Island of Northwest Samar. They are also
known as Abaknon, Capul, Capuleno, and Sama. The
family to which the language belongs is Sama; the people
are called Abaknon.
Interestingly, the Sama groups are located in the Sulu and
Tawi-Tawi in Mindanao, yet the island of Samar, which is
part of the Visayas, belongs to the subgroup. The Sama
are engaged in both fishing and exporting fish. They are
also produce copra and rice.
2. HILIGAYNON
The Western Visayas region of the Philippines
includes Panay island, Negros Occidental, and
Romblon. The region's population numbered 5.4
million in 1990, all speakers of Hiligaynon Ilongo
or closely related dialect s. Hiligaynon speakers
constitute approximately 10 percent of the
national population. They inhabit one of the
major rice-producing areas of the Philippines.
The landscape consists of broad plains stretching
between mountain ranges. Large rivers deposit
the volcanic sediments that make the lowlands fertile.
3. WARAY
The Waray inhabit the islands of Samar and Biliran,
and the eastern section of Leyte in the Eastern
Visayas Region. The Waray language belongs to the
Visayan language family and is related to Cebuano,
Hiligaynon, and Masbateño. The Waray-speaking
people of Leyte (Leyteños) and Samar (Samareños)
are a strong an d proud group. They produce some of
the finest native Philippine wines, commonly called
pangasi and tuba. Hats and mats made from buri or
tikug plant strips, which are still heavily used in the
rural areas today, are the most distinctive handicrafts
of the Warays.

10. 4. BANTOANON
The Bantoanon or “people from Banton (Island)”
actually reside mostly in Odiongan, Corcuera,
Calatrava, and Concepcion in Romblon, an
archipelagic province in the MIMAROPA region.
They speak Asi, a Visayan language that is lexically
similar to the language of Romblomanon. Asi is
spoken along with the Romblomanon and Inonhan
languages and is classified under the same level as
Cebuano. One way to identify a Bantoanon is
through his or her family name, which usually starts
with the letter "f".
Bantoanons value education, as most of them consider it a way to improve their lives. Their usual
means of livelihood are trade, business, fishing, and agriculture.
5. Kinaray-a/Hamtikanon
The Kinaray-a inhabit the coastal areas and
riversides of western Panay, and interior of Panay
island in the Western Visayas Region; and certain
villages in Mindanao. They are concentrated in
the provinces of Antique and Iloilo. Hiligaynon,
the language of the Ilonggos, was derived from
the Kinaray-a language.
The Kinaray-a are striving to preserve their
traditions. They have created their own kind of
music called OKM (Original Kinaray-a Music),
reminiscent of their melodic composos (narrative verses). Their theme song, “Antique, Banwa nga
Hamili,” expresses their love for their home, their banwa — the birthplace of a hardworking, brave
group of people.
MINDANAO
1. SANGIL
The Sangil people (also called Sangir, Sangu, Marore, Sangirezen,
or Talaoerezen) are originally from the Sangihe and Talaud
Islands (now part of Indonesia) and parts of Davao
Occidental (particularly in the Sarangani Islands), Davao del
Norte, Davao del Sur, Sultan Kudarat, South Cotabato,
and North Cotabato. Their populations (much like the Sama-
Bajau) were separated when borders were drawn between the
Philippines and Indonesia during the colonial era. The Sangil
people are traditionally animistic, much like other Lumad peoples.
2. Mansaka
The term "Mansaka" derives from "man" with literal
meaning "first" and "saka" meaning "to ascend," and
means "the first people to ascend
mountains/upstream." The term most likely describes
the origin of these people who are found today
in Davao del Norte and Davao de Oro. and some
parts of Davao Oriental. Specifically in the Batoto
River, the Manat Valley, Caragan, Maragusan, the
Hijo River Valley, and the seacoasts of Kingking,
Maco, Kwambog, Hijo, Tagum, Libuganon,
Tuganay, Ising, and Panabo.

11. 3. Manobo
Manobo is the hispanicized spelling
of the endonym Manuvu (also spelled
Menuvu or Minuvu). Its etymology is
unclear; in its cur rent form, it means
"person" or "people." It is believed
that it is derived from the
rootword tuvu, which means "to
grow"/"growth"
(thus Man[t]uvu would be "[native]-
grown" or "aboriginal"
4. Tboli
The Tboli are one of the indigenous
peoples of South Mindanao. From the
body of ethnographic and linguistic
literature on Mindanao, they are variously
known as Tboli, Teboli, Tau Bilil, Tau
Bulul or Tagabilil. They term themselves
Tboli. Their whereabouts and identity are
to some extent confused in the literature;
some publications present the Teboli and
the Tagabilil as distinct peoples; some
locate the Tbolis to the vicinity of the
Buluan Lake in the Cotabato Basin or in
Agusan del Norte. The Tbolis, then, reside on the mountain slopes on either side of the
upper Alah Valley and the coastal area of Maitum, Maasim, and Kiamba. In former times,
the Tbolis also inhabited the upper Alah Valley floor
5. Teduray
The Teduray/Tiruray people live in the
municipalities of Datu Blah T. Sinsuat, Upi,
and South Upi in
southwestern Maguindanao Province; and
in Lebak municipality, northwestern Sultan
Kudarat Province. They speak the Tiruray
language, which is related
to Bagobo, B'laan, and T'boli. Coastal
Tirurays are mostly farmers, hunters,
fishermen, and basket weavers; those living
in the mountains engage in dry field
agriculture, supplemented by hunting and
the gathering of forest products. Tirurays are famous for their craftsmanship in weaving
baskets with two-toned geometric designs. While many have adopted the cultures of
neighboring Muslims and Christians people, a high percentage of their population still
believe and practice their indigenous customs and rituals