1) Several theories attempt to explain how humans first populated the world, including Creationism, the Out of Africa theory, and the Austronesian Migration theory. 2) The Out of Africa theory proposes that modern humans originated in Africa around 160,000 years ago and migrated across the globe in successive waves, populating Asia, Europe, and other regions. 3) The Austronesian Migration theory suggests a group migrated from China to Taiwan around 3500 BC, reaching the Philippines by 3000 BC and dispersing further to areas like Indonesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar in subsequent centuries.

1. Presented by: DEAN RUFFEL R. FLANDEZ
as a requirement of the course
History 211 – Early to 17th Century Philippine History

2. Let’s go on a journey to
take a glimpse of the past.

4. No one is sure when
human beings started
dwelling on Earth…
But there were several
theories that rose to
answer the question.

5. Popular Theories on
Peopling the WORLD
• Creationism (Biblical)
• Out of Eden Theory/ Out of Africa
Theory

6. JOURNEY OF MAN
(Out of Eden Theory)

7. 160k years ago, Modern man (Homo
Sapiens) lived in Africa

8. 160k-135k. They populated Africa.

9. 135k-115k, The first exit through Nile.
…but They died out because of the Ice Age, which
reached up to North Africa from 115k-90k.

10. 90k-85k, Crossing of the Red Sea.

11. 85k-75k, Voyage to the East.
…super eruption of Mt. Toba in Sumatra and
another Ice Age in 74k resulted to a population
crash.

12. 74k-65k onwards was the time of
repopulation.
With the dramatic warming of 65k onwards,
Europe and other parts of Asia was populated.

13. 40k-15k and onwards, The Americas and almost all
parts of the world was also populated….
…between those times, Ice age and many natural
calamities also happened that decreased the population.
<see more in http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey/>

15. The Austronesian Migration Theory

16. The Austronesian Migration Theory
• Austronesian Migration Theory propounds on
the expansion of a group of people called the
Austronesians from Asia into the Pacific by
means of Taiwan 6,000 years ago. It was a
theory proposed by Peter Bellwood a
professor of Archeology.

17. The Austronesian Migration Theory
• The Austronesian migrations began from the
Chinese mainland, reaching Taiwan first in
3500 BC then the Philippines by 3000 BC. They
reached Sumatra and Java by 2000 BC,
Northern New Guinea by 1600 BC, Samoa by
1200 BC, Hawaii, Easter Island, and
Madagascar by 500 AD, etc.

18. The theory largely explains the similarities in culture,
language and physical attributes in different countries
in the most Asian countries and even Madagascar.
<see more in http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Austronesian_Migration_Theory>

19. Common to Austronesians
Cultural traces include:
• Tattooing
• Outriggers of canoes
• Prehistoric art styles
• Social characters
Language:
The Austronesian language family is usually divided
into two branches: Malayo-Polynesian and Formosan.
The Western sub-branch includes over 500 languages
spoken in Madagascar, Malaysia, Indonesia, the
Philippines, parts of Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, and
Cambodia.

21. Prof. Otley Beyer’s
Wave Migration Theory
According to Dr. Beyer, the
ancestors of the Filipinos
came in different "waves of
migration", as follows:
1. "Dawn Man", a cave-man
type who was similar to
Java man, Peking Man,
and other Asian homo
sapiens of 250,000 years
ago.

22. Prof. Otley Beyer’s
Wave Migration Theory
2. The aboriginal
pygmy group, the
Negritos, who
arrived between
25,000 and
30,000 years ago
via land bridges.

23. Prof. Otley Beyer’s
Wave Migration Theory
3. The sea-faring tool-
using Indonesian group
who arrived about
5,000 to 6,000 years
ago and were the first
immigrants to reach
the Philippines by sea.

24. Prof. Otley Beyer’s
Wave Migration Theory
4. The seafaring, more civilized Malays who
brought the Iron age culture and were the
real colonizers and dominant cultural group
in the pre-Hispanic Philippines.

25. Jocano's theory of earlier
evolution and movement
Anthropologist F. Landa Jocano of the University of
the Philippines contends that what fossil evidence
of ancient men show is that they not only migrated
to the Philippines, but also to New Guinea, Borneo,
and Australia. He says that there is no way of
determining if they were Negritos at all. However,
what is sure is that there is evidence the Philippines
was inhabited as early as 21,000 or 22,000 years
ago. In 1962, a skull cap and a portion of a jaw,
presumed to be those of a human being, were
found in a Tabon Cave in Palawan.

26. Jocano's theory of earlier
evolution and movement
The discovery may show that man came earlier
to the Philippines than to the Malay Peninsula. If
this is true, the first inhabitants of the
Philippines did not come from the Malay
Peninsula. Jocano further believes that the
present Filipinos are products of the long
process of evolution and movement of people.

27. Jocano's theory of earlier
evolution and movement
Left: Tabon man skull cap remains.
Right: Tabon cave in Palawan