Sociology
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Family is a social institution found in all societies that unites people through cooperative living and caring for one another, including children. There are several types of families including the extended family, which includes multiple adult relatives living together, and the nuclear family consisting of two parents and their children living as a unit. Marriage is a legal relationship that often involves economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing, and it can take various forms such as monogamy, polygamy, or exogamy in which mates are chosen from outside a specified group.
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This document defines family and marriage, provides historical context on how families and marriages have changed over time, and outlines different types of families and marriages. It discusses the significance of family and marriage in terms of providing love, protection, guidance and a sense of belonging. The document also summarizes key theories about the functions of family and marriage in society from a sociological perspective.
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- Drug addiction and abuse refers to the chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for non-medical purposes. This includes both licit and illicit drugs.
- Addiction is compulsive drug use despite harm, while substance abuse refers to frequently using drugs like alcohol and inhalants that can be addictive.
- Dependence involves psychological need for a drug and physical tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Addiction affects the reward pathway in the brain.
- Drug abuse has negative effects on individuals, families, and society through health issues, crime, and lost productivity.
Changes in family structure1
The average family structure today is different than 250 years ago. Society has shifted from pre-industrial to industrial structures. In pre-industrial, agricultural societies, the extended family and interdependent community were the norm. With industrialization, work moved to factories in cities, families became more nuclear and isolated. Functionalists theorize the nuclear family best fits industrial needs, allowing social mobility. However, critics argue functionalists overlook diversity in family forms and negative aspects of modern family life.
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1. The document discusses progesterone, including its role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, sources of progesterone production, and clinical uses.
2. Progesterone regulates the uterine cycle and maintains pregnancy. It is produced in the corpus luteum, placenta, and adrenal cortex.
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1) Anabolic steroids are synthetic androgens that have higher anabolic activity and lesser androgenic activity than testosterone.
2) They work by binding to androgen receptors and modifying gene transcription.
3) Accepted medical uses of anabolic steroids include treating catabolic states like cancer, but their misuse among athletes to improve performance is considered illegal doping.
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- Thyroid drugs used to treat hypothyroidism including levothyroxine and liothyronine. Brand names like Synthroid and Cytomel are mentioned.
- Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Monitoring of thyroid hormone therapy is also discussed.
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This document contains a series of slides explaining autosomal dominant inheritance from parents to children. The slides show that autosomal dominant conditions are caused by alterations in genes located on chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes. If one parent has the altered gene and passes it on to their child, the child has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition. An example is provided of a family where raised cholesterol is inherited in this autosomal dominant pattern. The slides are intended to demonstrate autosomal dominant inheritance for teaching purposes.
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Omeprazole, sold under the brand names Prilosec and Losec, among others, is a medication used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.It is also used to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people who are at high risk. Omeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and its effectiveness is similar to other PPIs. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headaches, abdominal pain, and increased intestinal gas.[1][9] Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile colitis, an increased risk of pneumonia, an increased risk of bone fractures, and the potential of masking stomach cancer.[1] It is unclear if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[1] It works by blocking the release of stomach acid.[1]
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The document discusses changes in family structure over time. It notes that traditional nuclear families of two parents and children are declining while single-parent families are increasing. Cultural norms around family ties also vary between countries, with some cultures fostering stronger extended family bonds and others being more individualistic. Strong family ties are associated with greater home production, less labor market participation especially for women and children, higher fertility rates, and more traditional gender roles.
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Kinship refers to the social relationships formed within families. The document defines family as a socioeconomic unit consisting of one or more parents and their children. There are various types of family structures across societies, including patrifocal/matrifocal families centered around one parent, monogamous families consisting of two parents, polygamous families with multiple spouses, and extended families with multiple generations living together. Societies also have different rules for post-marital residence, such as patrilocal residence where the wife moves to her husband's family home or matrilocal residence where the husband moves to his wife's family home. Kinship ties can also influence political dynamics through political alliances and dynasties.
Lecture 2. family
KAMRAN ISHFAQ, PHD SCHOLAR SOCIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN, SOCIAL WELFARE OFFICER, CHILDREN HOSPITAL AND THE INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH MULTAN PAKISTAN.
family and types of family
This document discusses different types of families and family structures. It defines family as a small group consisting of parents and children, and sometimes other relatives. There are five main types of families: (1) patriarchal families where the father has authority, (2) matriarchal families where the mother has authority, (3) democratic families with equal roles for parents, (4) joint/extended families with multiple generations living together, and (5) nuclear families consisting of only parents and children. Family structures can also be categorized by settlement patterns, lineage, and authority structures. The roles and forms of families have changed over time due to factors like education, urbanization, and changing social values.
VED3–Report.ppt
This document provides an overview of families and how they are changing. It discusses the fluid and diverse nature of families today compared to past generations. Families serve important functions like regulating sexuality, childrearing, economic support, and emotional support. However, what constitutes a family continues to evolve due to broader societal transformations around topics like marriage and household composition. Racial/ethnic diversity is also increasing the variety of family forms in countries like the US. Both micro decisions within families and macro forces outside their control, like the economy, influence how families change over time.
Chapter 1 introduction to the family
This document provides an introduction to a course on family studies. It defines family in several ways, including as networks of people bound by ties like marriage, blood, or commitment. It discusses examining family from an ecosystem perspective, seeing the family as a complex system that interacts with its environment. Key concepts in human ecological theory are introduced, such as viewing the family as a semi-open, goal-directed, dynamic system that can respond to and modify its environment through adaptation. Different types of modern families are outlined, and changing demographics around marriage, divorce, and household composition in the US are summarized.
FamilyAnd Marriage.pptx
Family is considered the basic unit of society. It provides for the procreation and upbringing of children through the relationship between parents. Family structures can vary in size, from nuclear families consisting of parents and children, to joint families including extended relatives. Marriages also take different forms, from monogamous to polygamous, and are regulated by laws and customs. The family performs essential functions like satisfying sexual needs and producing offspring, as well as non-essential roles in areas like economics, education, and socialization of children.
Sociology 10 family
Kinship refers to the relationships between family members. It provides continuity between generations and defines groups for support. Kinship is based on blood, marriage, or adoption. It determines social groups, marriage and inheritance patterns, and residential practices. Kinship varies between cultures and helps outline rights, obligations, and appropriate behaviors between relatives.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses key concepts related to family and identity. It examines how family is a primary socializing agent that teaches norms, values and language. It also looks at functionalist perspectives on the roles and functions of the family in society. The document then analyzes changes in family structures over time, including increases in cohabitation, divorce, and diversity of family forms. It explores cross-cultural variations and the influences of social class on family life.
Different types of families
The document discusses different types of family structures that have emerged in recent decades beyond the traditional nuclear family. It identifies nuclear families, extended families, adoptive families, single-parent families, childless families, step-families, same-sex families, never-married families, and notes that there is no single right family type as long as it is filled with love and support.
Sociology
This document defines family and discusses different types of families. It begins by defining family from various scholars' perspectives. It then discusses the characteristics of family, including the roles of marriage and procreation. The document categorizes families based on organization (nuclear vs extended), marriage structure (monogamous vs polygamous), descent (patrilineal vs matrilineal), and residence (patrilocal vs matrilocal). It also discusses adoptive, childless, and blended families. The functions of family are then outlined, including meeting basic needs, providing a support system, and facilitating child rearing. The document concludes by discussing systems theory and Bowen's family systems theory, focusing on concepts like differentiation of self
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Sociology
- 1. Sociology
- 2. Definition of Family Family is a social institution found in all societies that unite people in cooperative groups to care for one another including any children. A group consisting of two parents and their children living together as a unit.
- 3. Type of family 1. Extended family 2. Nuclear family 3. Patrllocallty family 4. Matrllocallty family 5. Neolocallty family 6. Patrillneal family 7. Matrillneal family 8. Bilatreal family
- 4. Extended family The extended family structure consists of two or more adults who are related, either by blood or marriage, living in the same home. This family includes many relatives living together and working toward common goals, such as raising the children and keeping up with the household duties. Many extended families include cousins, aunts or uncles and grandparents living together.
- 5. Nuclear family The nuclear family is the traditional type of family structure. This family type consists of two parents and children. The nuclear family was long held in esteem by society as being the ideal in which to raise children
- 6. Patrllocallty family A residential patron in which a marriage couple lives with or near the husband family.
- 7. Matrllocallty family A residential patron in which a marriage couple lives with or near the wife family.
- 8. Neolocallty family A residential patron in which a marriage couple lives apart from both sets of parents.
- 9. Patrillneal family A system tracing kinship through men.
- 10. Matrillneal family A system tracing kinship through women.
- 11. Bilatreal family A system tracing kinship through both man and women.
- 12. Function of family Socialization Social placement Regulation of sexual activity Material and emotional security
- 13. Marriage Marriage is a legal relationship usually involving economic cooperation sexual activity and childbearing.
- 14. Types of Marriage Endogamy Exogamy Monogamy Polygamy Polygyny Polyandry
- 15. Endogamy The marriage between people of the same social category. This is called endogamy. More society required that mates be chosen within some specified group. This is called Endogamy.
- 16. Exogamy Every society limits choices in marriage by requiring that one chose a mate out side some specified group. This is called Exogamy.
- 17. Monogamy Monogamy is a form of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime.
- 18. Polygamy Practice of being married to more than one person at the same time.
- 19. Polygyny Polygyny(greek meaning: many women and one man)Marriage that unites one man and two or more women.
- 20. Polyandry Polyandry(in Greek societies: many men or many husband)