Presentation by Usman Khalid and Biju George

1. Modeling the Water-Food-Energy Nexus in the Arab
World : The Case of Egypt
USMAN KHALID AWAN
BIJU GEORGE
APRIL 18, 2016
CONRAD - CAIRO, EGYPT

2. Optimizing
inputs for
maximizing yield
(long term)
Hydrological/Crop Simulation
Models
Optimizing inputs
for maximizing
income (long term)
Socio-economic models
Hydro-economic
Modeling for food
& water security
WaterBalance
SaltBalance
NutrientsBalance
ICARDA Irrigation Modeling Thematic Group
PhysicalConstrains
SocialConstrains/aspects
EconomicalConstrains/aspects

3. Optimizing
inputs for
maximizing yield
(long term)
Hydrus-1D
AquaCrop
Optimizing inputs
for maximizing
income (long term)
Socio-economic models
Hydro-economic
Modeling for food
& water security
WaterBalance
SaltBalance
NutrientsBalance
PhysicalConstrains
Institutionalsetup,Outscalingvs
upscaling
Fertilizerpesticideuse,machinery
cost,waterpumpingcostetc.
Case-1 Field Level
Mechanised Raised Bed Technology

4. Case-1 Field Level
FAO AquaCrop Crop Water Productivity Model is a software package which is used
to simulate yield response to water
Parameterization of model
 Climatic parameters
 Crop related information
 Soil charachteristics
 Irrigation criteria
 Groundwater
AquaCrop Crop Water Productivity Model

5. Case-1 Filed Level
TDR system for SMC measurements
AquaCrop calibration and validation
Scenario analysis
Canopy cover of
27.3%

6. Case-1 Field Level
Version 4.0 of HYDRUS-1D, a software package for simulating water, heat and solute
movement was used (Simunek and van Genuchten, 1998)
 Soil characteristics
 Groundwater levels and quality
 Crop phenological data
 Meteorological data (E and T)
Parameterization of model
Water and salt balance by HYDRUS-1D model

7. Case-2 Basin to Irrigation System Level
Supply
Water availability in
space and time
Surface,
Groundwater and
Drainage
Allocation processes
•Allocation, deliveries
and routing
• Physical constraints
• Quality constraints
Demand
User demands in
space and time
Climate &
behaviour
dependent
Urban, Industries,
agriculture,
aquaculture, lakes

8. Case-2 Basin to Irrigation System Level
Persian wells/water wheals – Around 3-12
m groundwater depth
Around 10-30 m
groundwater depth
Around 100 -
300 m depth
Cat and Rat Chase
During 1960s
During 1980s
Current
status
Source: Awan, UK 2015

9. Case-2 Basin to Irrigation System Level
Wells/bores
Pumps
Pipework/
Channels
FLOW OF WATER
Equipment
materials
Energy
processing/
generation
Primary fuel
exploration
Equipment
manufacture
Materials
processing
Materials
extraction
Equipment
materials
Equipment
manufacture
Materials
processing
Materials extraction
Equipment
transport
Equipment
transport
Energy transport/
transmission
Energy transport/
transmission
Energy use Energy use
Energy processing/generation
Primary fuel exploration
Equipment
materials
Equipment
manufacture
Materials
processing
Materials
extraction
Equipment
transport
Human
labour
Irrigation
Energy processing/generation
Primary fuel exploration
Energy transport/
transmission
Energy use
Human
labour
Source: Tyson, George & Malano, 2012

10. Case-2 Basin to Irrigation System Level
FEFLOW-3D (Version 5.1), a Finite Element Subsurface Flow & Transport
Simulation System for simulations of groundwater levels (Diersch and Kolditz, 2002)
 Horizontal and vertical distribution of
permeable and impermeable layers
 Characteristics governing groundwater
flow (e.g., hydraulic conductivity)
 Information on groundwater flow at the
interface to surface water (e.g., recharge
rates)
Parameterization of model
Groundwater fluctuation by FEFLOW-3D model &
MODFLOW Visual Flex

11. Thanks!