Downloaded 59 times
Modal verbs
- 1.
- 2. What are ModalVerbs? Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs.
- 3. Modal Verbs Here aresome important differences: 1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person. Examples: He can speak Chinese. She should be here by 9:00.
- 4. Modal Verbs 2.You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past. Examples: He should not be late. They might not come to the party.
- 5. Modal Verbs 3.Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses. Examples: He will can go with us. Not Correct She musted study very hard. Not Correct
- 6.
- 7. Can "Can" is oneof the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be used to express ability or opportunity, to request or offer permission, and to show possibility or impossibility.
- 8. Examples: 1. I canride a horse. ability 2. We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. opportunity 3. She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission 4. Can you hand me the stapler? request 5. Any child can grow up to be president. possibility
- 9. Can - generalability I can speak Chinese.Present Past I could speak Chinese when I was a kid. Future I will be able to speak Chinese by the time I finish my course. - negative form can’t speak Chinese. couldn’t speak Chinese when I was a kid. I won’t be able to speak Chinese by the time I finish my course.
- 10. Can - permission Ican drive Susan's car when she is out of town. Present Past I was allowed to drive Susan's car while she was out of town last week. Future I can drive Susan's car while she is out of town next week. I can't drive Susan's car when she is out of town. I wasn't allowed to drive Susan's car while she was out of town last week. I can't drive Susan's car while she is out of town next week. - negative form
- 11. can - request CanI have a glass of water?Present Past Can you give me a lift to school? Future Requests usually refer to the near future. Can't I have a glass of water? Can't you give me a lift to school? - negative form
- 12. Have To "Have to"is used to express certainty, necessity, and obligation. Examples: This answer has to be correct. certainty The soup has to be stirred continuously to prevent burning. necessity They have to leave early. obligation
- 13. Have To -certainty That has to be Jerry. They said he was tall with bright red hair. Present Past That has to have been the right restaurant. There were no other restaurants on the street. Future None That must not be Jerry. They said he has blond hair, not red hair. That must not have been the right restaurant. I guess there was another one around there somewhere. - negative form
- 14. have to -necessity She has to read four books for this literature class. Present Past She had to finish the first book before the midterm. Future She will have to finish the other books before the final exam. She doesn't have to read "Grapes of Wrath." It's optional reading for extra credit. She didn't have to write a critique of "The Scarlet Letter." She had to give a presentation to her class. - negative form She won't have to take any other literature classes. American Literature 101 is the only required course.
- 15. REMEMBER: "Do nothave to" vs. "Must not" "Do not have to" suggests that someone is not required to do something. "Must not" suggests that you are prohibited from doing something. Examples: You must not eat that. It is forbidden, it is not allowed. You don't have to eat that. You can if you want to, but it is not necessary.
- 16. Must "Must" is mostcommonly used to express certainty. It can also be used to express necessity or strong recommendation, although native speakers prefer the more flexible form "have to." Examples: You must not eat that. It is forbidden, it is not allowed. You don't have to eat that. You can if
- 17. Must This mustbe the right address! certainty Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school. necessity You must take some medicine for that cough. strong recommendation Jenny, you must not play in the street! prohibition
- 18. must - certainty Thatmust be Jerry. They said he was tall with bright red hair. Present Past That must have been the right restaurant. There are no other restaurants on this street. Future NO FUTURE FORM That must not be Jerry. He is supposed to have red hair. That must not have been the right restaurant. I guess there is another one around here somewhere. - negative form
- 19. must not -prohibition You must not swim in that river. It's full of crocodiles. Present Past You must not forget to take your malaria medication while your are in the tropics. Future - negative form Prohibition usually refer to the near future.
- 20. must strong recommendation You musttake some time off and get some rest. Present Past You should have taken some time off last week to get some rest. Future - negative form You should take some time off next week to get some rest. You mustn't drink so much. It's not good for your health. You shouldn't have drunk so much. That caused the accident. You shouldn't drink at the party. You are going to be the designated driver.
- 21. must - necessity Youmust have a permit to enter the national park. Present Past We had to have a permit to enter the park. Future - negative form We must get a permit to enter the park next week. We don't have to get a permit to enter the national park. We didn't have to get a permit to enter the national park. We won't have to get a permit to enter the national park.
- 22. Can Ability to dosth. in the present (substitute form: to be able to) - I can speak English. Permission to do sth in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to) - Can I go to the cinema? Request - Can you wait a moment, please? Offer - I can lend you my car till tomorrow. Suggestion - Can we visit Grandma at the weekend? Possibility - It can get very hot in Arizona.
- 23. Could - Ability todo sth. in the past (substitute form: to be able to) I could speak English. - Permission to do sth. in the past (substitute form: to be allowed to) I could go to the cinema. - Polite question Could I go to the cinema, please? - Polite request Could you wait a moment, please?
- 24. Could - Polite offer Icould lend you my car till tomorrow. - Polite suggestion Could we visit Grandma at the weekend? - Possibility It could get very hot in Montana.
- 25. May Possibility It may raintoday. Permission to do sth. in the present (substitute form: to be allowed to) May I go to the cinema? Polite suggestion May I help you? Might Possibility (less possible than may) It might rain today. Hesitant offer Might I help you?
- 26. Must - force, necessity Imust go to the supermarket today. - possibility You must be tired. - advice, recommendation You must see the new film with Brad Pitt.
- 27. must not/may not prohibition Youmustn't work on dad's computer. You may not work on dad's computer. Need not not necessary I needn't go to the supermarket, we're going to the restaurant tonight.
- 28. ought to Use Examplesadvice You ought to drive carefully in bad weather. obligation You ought to switch off the light when you leave the room. Shall - instead of will in the 1st person suggestion Shall I carry your bag?.
- 29. should advice You should drivecarefully in bad weather. obligation You should switch off the light when you leave the room.
- 30. will wish, request, demand,order (less polite than would) Will you please shut the door? prediction, assumption – I think it will rain on Friday. promise - I will stop smoking. spontaneous decision - Can somebody drive me to the station? - I will. habits - She's strange, she'll sit for hours without talking.
- 31. Would - wish, request(more polite than will) Would you shut the door, please? - habits in the past Sometimes he would bring me some flowers.
- 32.