This document contains notes from an English grammar lesson. It includes explanations and examples of several English grammar topics: - The future perfect tense and how it is formed with "will have" plus the past participle. - How to form the passive voice and reasons for using it, such as emphasizing the action over the subject. Example sentences are provided. - The uses of modal verbs like "can", "must", "might" and "have to", along with examples of each. - Other topics covered include reported speech, quantifiers, and the past simple form of "can". Links to external resources on English grammar are also included.

1. NORTHEAST SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE
• GROUP PRACTICE #3
• MEMBER:
muñoz muñoz ericsson orlando
PRACTICE ENGLISH
ENGINEER OSCAR GARCIA

2. Present perfecto of
“there is/are”
Has the meaning of "having". Is formed with "there" followed by
the present of the verb "to be" in the singular or plural, as
appropriate.
'There is' is used with singular count nouns and uncountable
nouns.
'There are' used with count nouns in plural.

3. Examples.
There was a restaurant
near here.
Había un restaurante aquí
cerca (simple past).
There hasn´t been anybody
like you.
No ha habido nadie como
tú (present perfect).
There will be some people
outside.
Habrá gente fuera (futuro).
There must be a computer.
Tiene que haber un
ordenador (con un modal)
Expresiones con 'there is'
There is no sense in crying.
No tiene sentido llorar.
There is no point in
waiting.
No tiene sentido esperar.
Is there any point in
waiting?
¿Tiene algún sentido
esperar?
There is no use crying.
De nada sirve llorar.

4. Execice.

5. Future tense of
“have to”
• The FUTURE PERFECT TENSE indicates that an action
will have been completed (finished or "perfected") at some
point in the future. This tense is formed with "will" plus
"have" plus the past participle of the verb (which can be
either regular or irregular in form): "I will have spent all
my money by this time next year. I will have run
successfully in three marathons if I can finish this one."

6. Singular Plural
I will have walked we will have walked
you will have walked you will have walked
he/she/it will have walked they will have walked
Examples and Observations:
"Never believe any war will be smooth and easy."
(Winston Churchill)
"Nothing will work unless you do."
(Maya Angelou)
"I will not charge admission to the bathroom."
(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)
"I'll be back."
(Arnold Schwarzenegger, The Terminator)

7. Introduction the passive voice.
• Although the passive voice is less common than the active voice,
there are several good reasons to sometimes use the passive. On this
page we look at how to construct the passive voice and when and
why to use it. (For a basic explanation of the difference between
active and passive, please see voice.)

8. Examples.

9. • It is mainly used to emphasize action rather than who does it. In
Spanish we have several forms of passive as shown in the example. In
English we use the same structure in both cases.
• The tree is made of banknotes. Animals are sold in this shop.

10. Examples.
• Active : They have cleaned the clinic.
Passive: The clinic has been cleaned by them.
Active : Thomas has written many books.
Passive: Many books have been written by Thomas.
Active : Have the police caught the man?
Passive: Has the man been caught by the police?
Active : UPS has delivered the letters.
Passive: The letters have been delivered by UPS.

11. Past perfect tense + “ yet/alreadi”
• Already means that something happened earlier than we expected.
With Present Perfect already usually goes after have or has and
before the main verb.

12. Examples.
• - We've already had our breakfast.
• - When are you going to do your homework?
• - But I've already done it!
• - Do you want a cup of coffee?
• - No, thanks. I've already had one."

13. Quantifiers.
• In English grammar, a quantifier is a word (or phrase) which indicates
the number or amount being referred to. It generally comes before
the noun (or noun phrase). The chart below shows which type of
noun goes with which quantifier.
• However, note that some of the examples in the chart can take on
several different roles within a sentence. For example, 'any' can be
used as a quantifier, a pronoun or an adverb:
• any as a quantifier: Have you got any tomatoes?
• any as a pronoun: I don't want any of you making a noise.
• any as an adverb: Can't this car go any faster?

14. Examples.

15. Must/ might
• "Must" is most commonly used to express certainty. It can also be used to
express necessity or strong recommendation, although native speakers
prefer the more flexible form "have to." "Must not" can be used to prohibit
actions, but this sounds very severe; speakers prefer to use softer modal
verbs such as "should not" or "ought not" to dissuade rather than prohibit.
• Examples:
• This must be the right address! certainty
• Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school.
necessity
• You must take some medicine for that cough. strong recommendation
• Jenny, you must not play in the street! prohibition

16. Might.
• "Might" is most commonly used to express possibility. It is also often
used in conditional sentences. English speakers can also use "might"
to make suggestions or requests, although this is less common in
American English.
• Examples:
• Your purse might be in the living room. possibility
• If I didn't have to work, I might go with you. conditional
• You might visit the botanical gardens during your visit. suggestion
• Might I borrow your pen? request

17. Past simple of “can”
• The verb form can in Simple Past Could and is the same for all
people. As it is a modal verb, the negative form does not
specify the verb to do but is formed simply by adding not, that
is not contracted.

18. Execice.

19. Reported speech.
• Indirect speech, unlike the direct style, do not use the quotes and
need not be verbatim. In general, when indirect speech is used, the
tense changes. Here you have an explanation of the changes they
undergo tenses.
Sometimes "that" is used in the affirmative and negative to introduce
what the other person has said phrases. On the other hand,
interrogative sentences can be used "if" or "whether".
Note: Also consider that expressions change over time speech. Notice
the change of time in the examples below, and then find a table with
more explanations of the changes of time in speech.

20. Examples.

21. Verbs.
• Can.
• "Can" is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be
used to express ability or opportunity, to request or offer permission, and
to show possibility or impossibility.
• Examples:
• I can ride a horse. ability
• We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. opportunity
• She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission
• Can you hand me the stapler? request
• Any child can grow up to be president. possibility

22. Mustn´t
• "Must" is most commonly used to express certainty. It can also be used to
express necessity or strong recommendation, although native speakers
prefer the more flexible form "have to." "Must not" can be used to prohibit
actions, but this sounds very severe; speakers prefer to use softer modal
verbs such as "should not" or "ought not" to dissuade rather than prohibit.
• Examples:
• This must be the right address! certainty
• Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school.
necessity
• You must take some medicine for that cough. strong recommendation
• Jenny, you must not play in the street! prohibition

23. Have to
• Have to is often grouped with modal auxiliary verbs for convenience,
but in fact it is not a modal verb. It is not even an auxiliary verb. In the
have to structure, "have" is a main verb.
• The basic structure for have to is:

24. Examples.

25. Egrafia.
• http://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/futenseterm.htm
• http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/tenses/future_perfect.htm
• http://www.vitutor.com/gramatica_inglesa/verbs/there_is.html
• https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-voice-passive.htm
• http://www.grammarbank.com/present-perfect-passive.html
• http://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/PresentPerfect1C.html
• http://www.englishpage.com/modals/must.html
• http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/reported.php
• http://www.englishpage.com/modals/can.html
• https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals-have-to-must-not-1.htm