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A. MODALS
1- Theyare Auxiliaryverbs. Theyare placedbefore the Mainverbwhichcomesafterthemwithan
infinitive withoutTOform.(ISHOULD STUDY more)
2- Theyexpressmodality: prohibition,lackof necessity, ability,requests, obligation,advice, possibility
…
3- Theycannot be conjugated(past,future,presenttenses).Theycannothave -s/es(3rd
person).They
do nothave Non personal verbal forms(infinitive,gerund,participle forms).
4- Negative formsare: modal + not + mainverbwithoutTO. I cannot come to the party.
5- MODALS and SEMI MODALS are:
OUGHT TO CAN COULD WOULD SHOULD HAVETO
MUST MAY NEEDN’T MUSTN’T SHALL BE ABLE TO MIGHT
6- Whenyouwant to expressafunction/useof aMODAL verbina differenttense,youmust
sometimes use adifferentform(Modal verb). Eg: I CAN Playthe pianoverywell (Present Tense);I
COULD play the pianoverywell whenIwas5 (Pasttense);IWILL BE ABLE TO playthe pianowell
whenI finishmylessons(Future tense).
Some of theirUses or Functions:Necessity ( have to,must);Permission ( Can,could,may),Polite
requests( could,would) ;Advice ( should,ought to); Ability( can,to be able to),Prohibition;¡( mustn’t);
Lack of necessity ( needn’t,don’thave to);Suggestion ( shall);Refusal ( wouldn’t);Certainty ( must);
Future possibility ( might,may),impossibility ( can’t)
B. MODAL PERFECT. Theyare usedto talkaboutthe Past.
Structure:Modal + PresentPerfect( have + past participle)
USES:
Advice: Should/oughtto have + Past Part.
Lack of necessity:needn’thave +Past Part.
Guessing:might/may/couldhave + Past Part.
Certaintyithappened: musthave +Past Part.
Certaintyitdidnot happen:Can’thave + Past part.
Willingnesstodosomethingbutdidnot:wouldhave +Past Part.
Had the opportunitybutdidnotdo it: couldhave + Past part.

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Modals final explanation

  • 1. A. MODALS 1- Theyare Auxiliaryverbs. Theyare placedbefore the Mainverbwhichcomesafterthemwithan infinitive withoutTOform.(ISHOULD STUDY more) 2- Theyexpressmodality: prohibition,lackof necessity, ability,requests, obligation,advice, possibility … 3- Theycannot be conjugated(past,future,presenttenses).Theycannothave -s/es(3rd person).They do nothave Non personal verbal forms(infinitive,gerund,participle forms). 4- Negative formsare: modal + not + mainverbwithoutTO. I cannot come to the party. 5- MODALS and SEMI MODALS are: OUGHT TO CAN COULD WOULD SHOULD HAVETO MUST MAY NEEDN’T MUSTN’T SHALL BE ABLE TO MIGHT 6- Whenyouwant to expressafunction/useof aMODAL verbina differenttense,youmust sometimes use adifferentform(Modal verb). Eg: I CAN Playthe pianoverywell (Present Tense);I COULD play the pianoverywell whenIwas5 (Pasttense);IWILL BE ABLE TO playthe pianowell whenI finishmylessons(Future tense). Some of theirUses or Functions:Necessity ( have to,must);Permission ( Can,could,may),Polite requests( could,would) ;Advice ( should,ought to); Ability( can,to be able to),Prohibition;¡( mustn’t); Lack of necessity ( needn’t,don’thave to);Suggestion ( shall);Refusal ( wouldn’t);Certainty ( must); Future possibility ( might,may),impossibility ( can’t) B. MODAL PERFECT. Theyare usedto talkaboutthe Past. Structure:Modal + PresentPerfect( have + past participle) USES: Advice: Should/oughtto have + Past Part. Lack of necessity:needn’thave +Past Part. Guessing:might/may/couldhave + Past Part. Certaintyithappened: musthave +Past Part. Certaintyitdidnot happen:Can’thave + Past part. Willingnesstodosomethingbutdidnot:wouldhave +Past Part. Had the opportunitybutdidnotdo it: couldhave + Past part.