The document provides an overview of part two of a workshop on mobile prototyping essentials. It outlines the agenda for the afternoon session, which includes reviewing the reasons for prototyping, identifying different types of prototyping, comparing natural user interfaces (NUI) to graphical user interfaces (GUI), animation principles, and three hands-on exercises. The session aims to help designers develop instincts for mobile design through prototyping.

1. Mobile Prototyping Essentials
Part II
Rachel Hinman
Senior Research Scientist
Nokia Research Lab
Palo Alto, California USA
Hinman

2. Our plan for today…
8:30am - Noon
What makes mobile UX different?
Two Design/Mobile UX Exercises:
• Identifying Mobile Needs
• Ideating in the Wild
Noon – 1pm - LUNCH
1:30pm – 5:30pm
Mobile prototyping essentials
Three Mobile Prototyping Exercises
• Storyboarding
• Practice Ruthless Editing/Translating GUI to NUI
• Creating an In-Screen Prototype

3. Q: What makes mobile UX different?
Q:
3

4. A
4

5. 5
:-(
A

6. A
6

7. ?
7

8. 8
8

9. Bad
Decision-Making
9

10. The final diamonds are where good
design decisions matter most…
…and where designers new to mobile
have the least domain specific skill
and confidence.
10

11. Seated in a relatively predictable environment
Large screen enables multi-tasking
Keyboard and a mouse for input
11

12. Highly variable context and environment
Small screen size and limited text input
UI takes up the entire screen
Difficult to multi-task and easy to get lost
12

13. Designers new to mobile
A don’t have the domain
specific skills or heuristics to
lean on…
13

14. …and their instincts are not
A tuned to the nuance of
mobile.
14

15. Try starting with instinct and intuition

16. A
Instinctnoun
A natural or innate impulse,
inclination, or tendency.
16

17. PC Prototyping
is considered a
Luxury
A
17

18. A
Design involves
Instincts
18

19. Mobile Prototyping is
Essential
A
19

20. A
Prototyping
will help you develop
Mobile Instincts
20

21. A
21

22. A
Design involves
Instincts
22

23. A
Prototyping
will help you develop
Mobile Instincts
23

24. Our plan for this afternoon…
Review the four “whys” of mobile prototyping
Identify the two genres of prototyping and
overview of six prototyping methods
Review the key differences between NUI
and GUI interfaces
Overview of animation principles that can be
incorporated into your mobile experiences
Three hands-on activities
24

25. Our plan for this afternoon…
Review the four “whys” of mobile prototyping
Identify the two genres of prototyping and
overview six prototyping methods
Review the key differences between NUI
and GUI interfaces
Overview of animation principles that can be
incorporated into your mobile experiences
Three hands-on activities
25

26. Our plan for this afternoon…
Review the four “whys” of mobile prototyping
Identify the two genres of prototyping and
overview six prototyping methods
Review the key differences between NUI
and GUI interfaces
Overview of animation principles that can be
incorporated into your mobile experiences
Three hands-on activities
26

27. Our plan for this afternoon…
Review the four “whys” of mobile prototyping
Identify the two genres of prototyping and
overview six prototyping methods
Review the key differences between NUI
and GUI interfaces
Three hands-on activities
27

28. Okay, let’s get started!
28

29. Prototyping
29

30. “Whys” of prototyping
Improve your design decision-making
Communicate an Idea
Gather User Feedback
Explore the “Unknowns”
Fine-tune an Idea
30

31. Communicating an Idea or Experience
YouTube Video 31

32. Gather User Feedback
32

33. Explore the Unknowns
33

34. Fine-Tune an Idea
34

35. Two Genres
35

36. Experiential Prototyping
36

37. Tactical Prototyping
37

38. Experiential Prototyping:
Best suited for design explorations where:
1 You are working on a “broader”
mobile project.
2 Target mobile hardware and software
scope is unknown.
(perhaps being created).
3 The design space is relatively
unchartered.
38

39. Tactical Prototyping:
Best suited for design explorations where:
1 You are working on a “focused”
mobile project.
2 Target mobile hardware and software
scope is known.
3 The design space is relatively known.
39

40. Experiential Prototyping
40

41. 41

42. 42

43. Context Matters
43

44. Context will likely be
your blindside
44

45. Experiential Prototyping
will help you understand
context
45

46. Experiential Prototypes
Body Storming
Storyboarding
Speed Dating Prototypes
Concept Videos

47. Experiential Prototypes
Body Storming
Storyboarding
Speed Dating Prototypes
Concept Videos

48. Experiential Prototypes
Body Storming
Storyboarding
Speed Dating Prototypes
Concept Videos

49. Q: “…users are just trying to muddle
through situations in their lives.
Q:
They often act without rationalizing.”
~ Andrew Hinton
Interactions 2012

50. Plans & Situated Action
Mutual Reconfiguration

52. Q: Suchman’s theory of mutual
reconfiguration suggests a person’s
Q:
capacity to act (their agency) is
reconfiguredwhen it comes into contact
with another thing or person -
thathuman action is constantly
constructed and reconstructed
from dynamic interactions with the
material and social worlds.

54. 54

55. 55

57. Bodystorming
57

58. Similar to improvisational theater, body storming
involves acting out possible scenarios or use
cases with actors and props. Unlike computer-
based technology that is logic based and only
makes visible the conditions that existed before,
people are illogical, perceptive, aware, and self-
correcting.
Body storming is a technique that helps capture
and harness these messy yet essential aspects
of human behavior and account for them in the
mobile design process.
58

59. 1. Select groups of five to eight
participants in a troupe.
Photo by Christian Crumlish (xian), 2009 on Flickr 59

60. 1. Select groups of five to eight
participants in a troupe.
2. Identify 3-5 experience
scenarios for your troupe to
“perform.”
Examples: Purchasing a cup of
coffee with my iPhone, selecting
which phone to purchase in
a carrier’s store.
Photo by Christian Crumlish (xian), 2009 on Flickr 60

61. 3. Every player must have a
role; there should be no
“trees” that are just for
background. Use large
cards that label the roles
people are playing.
61
Photo by Christian Crumlish (xian), 2009 on Flickr

62. 4. Props can have feelings,
thoughts, and the ability to
speak. Use thought-bubble
cards to show what a
participant is thinking
versus saying.
Photo by Christian Crumlish (xian), 2009 on Flickr 62

63. 5. Have a narrator or color commentator who
can explain things. The narrator can
pretend the scenario is like television,
using a remote to stop action, rewind,
or fast-forward.
Photo by Christian Crumlish (xian), 2009 on Flickr 63

64. 6. De-brief after each scenario. What did
the group learn? What was surprising?
What seemed important? Capture what
you learned from the exercise and
discuss how you can integrate it into
what happens next.
Photo by Christian Crumlish (xian), 2009 on Flickr 64

65. Bodystorming will help you capture
the emotional tenor of mobile
interactions
65

66. Design in Context
66

67. Experiential Prototypes
Body Storming
Storyboarding
Speed Dating Prototypes
Concept Videos

68. Storyboarding
68

69. Why Storyboard?
69

70. 1. In mobile, Context Matters
70

71. Even in situations in which a spirit of
exploration and freedom exist, where faculty
are“Hey, I’ve got this work beyond physical
free to experiment to great idea …”
and social constraints, our cognitive habits
often get in the way.
Marshall McLuhan called it “the rear-view
mirror effect,” noting that “We see the world
through a rear-view mirror. We march
backwards into the future.”
2. Qualify ideas

72. 72

73. 73

74. Mobile UX Storyboarding
Identify the central idea(s) you are
trying to communicate.
74

75. Mobile UX Storyboarding
Identify the central idea(s) you are
trying to communicate.
Create a character and identify the key
issues he/she currently faces.
75

76. Mobile UX Storyboarding
Identify the central idea(s) you are
trying to communicate.
Create a character and identify the key
issues he/she currently faces.
Rough out a basic story.
76

77. Mobile UX Storyboarding
Identify the central idea(s) you are
trying to communicate.
Create a character and identify the key
issues he/she currently faces.
Rough out a basic story.
Start filling in the cells. Rough out the
complete story, then fill in details.
77

78. Mobile UX Storyboarding
Identify the central idea(s) you are
trying to communicate.
Create a character and identify the key
issues he/she currently faces.
Rough out the basic story
Start filling in the cells. Rough out the
complete story, then fill in details.
78

79. 79

80. 80

81. Select a concept…
81

85. Your Design Challenge!
Storyboarding
1 Select one concept you’d like to explore more
deeply using the storyboarding technique.
Storyboard one scenario using the templates
2 provided.
Remember to identify the key issues the
3 character faces and rough out the complete
story before filling in details.

86. 30Minutes

87. Experiential Prototypes
Body Storming
Storyboarding
Speed Dating Prototypes
Concept Videos

88. Speed Dating Prototypes
Illustration courtesy of Scott Davidoff
Rapidly Exploring Application Design through Speed Dating 88

89. Scott Davidoff of CMU
•Few design tools
•High Cost of Failure
•Unpredictable social consequences
Rapidly Exploring Application Design through Speed Dating 89

90. Experiential Prototypes
Body Storming
Storyboarding
Speed Dating Prototypes
Concept Videos

91. Speed Dating Prototypes
Builds on three theories:
1 Abundance brings perspective.
Need to cross boundaries to know
2 they exist.
Multiple low-cost engagements with
3 multiple concepts enables a broader
perspective to emerge.
91

92. Step One
Identify most promising
concepts
92

93. Step Two
Create storyboards that
depict each concept
Illustration courtesy of Scott Davidoff
Rapidly Exploring Application Design through Speed Dating 93

94. Step Three
Present storyboards to
users & gather feedback
94

95. Step Four
Create prototypes
Photo courtesy of Scott Davidoff
Rapidly Exploring Application Design through Speed Dating 95

96. Step Five
Conduct user enactments
with prototypes
Photo courtesy of Scott Davidoff
Rapidly Exploring Application Design through Speed Dating 96

97. Speed Dating Prototypes are
especially well-suited for gathering
user impressions of
a new-to-the-world experience
97

98. Tactical Prototyping

99. Tactical Prototypes
Sketching/Paper Prototyping
In-Screen Mobile Prototypes
Mobile Browser Prototypes
Keynote/Powerpoint Prototypes
Flash Prototype
Platform Specific Prototype
99

100. Tactical Prototypes
Sketching/Paper Prototyping
In-Screen Mobile Prototypes
Mobile Browser Prototypes
Keynote/Powerpoint Prototypes
Flash Prototype
Platform Specific Prototype
100

101. Already talked about….
Great mobile UIs
speak their power
101

102. Already talked about….
Edit!!!
102

103. Already talked about….
Ruthless
Editing
103

104. Already talked about….
A
104

105. A Brave NUI World
105

106. 106

107. Seated in a relatively predictable environment
Large screen enables multi-tasking
Keyboard and a mouse for input
107

108. We’re reaching the edges
of what GUI can do
108

109. Most mobile smartphones
have touchscreens with
Natural User Interfaces
109

110. GUIs Become Brittle
on a Mobile Device
110

113. 113

114. Eight Principles of NUIs
1. Principle of Performance Aesthetics
2. Principle of Direct Manipulation
3. Principle of Scaffolding
4. Principle of Contextual Environments
5. Principle of Super Real
6. Principle of Social Interaction
7. Principle of Spatial Representation
8. Principle of Seamlessness

115. 1. Principle of Performance Aesthetics
NUI experiences should be like an
ocean voyage, the pleasure comes
from the interaction, not the
accomplishment.
Example:
Part instrument, part composition and part
artwork, the iPhone application Bloom
enables users to create elaborate patterns
and unique melodies by simply tapping on
the screen
115

116. 2. Principle of Direct Manipulation
Touch screens and gestural
interaction functionality enable users
to feel like they are physically
touching and manipulating
information with their fingertips.
Example:
The scrolling gesture is an example of the
Principle of Direct manipulation
116

117. 3. Principle of Scaffolding
Scaffolding is strong cue or
guide that sets a user’s
expectation by giving them
an indication of how the
interaction will unfold.
Example:
The graphics that surround objects as
the are placed on a Surface Table are
an example of scaffolding.
117

118. 4. Principle of Contextual Environments
Unlike GUIs that will present a user
with the same set of options
regardless of the context it is in,
NUIs are responsive to the
environment and suggests what the
next interaction should be.
Example:
Most mobile devices can locate themselves
in time and space, and present interfaces
that adapt to the orientation of the device.
118

119. 5. Principle of the Super Real
Unlike GUIs that contains information
in a cascading series of windows that
resemble sheets of paper, successful
NUIs extend objects in a logical way
into the world of magic.
Example:
Gestures like “pinch/zoom” are a logical
extension into the world of magic
119

120. 6. Principle of Social Interaction
Unlike GUI laptops that are
optimized for individual use, systems
with larger NUI formats like the
Microsoft Surface Table or tablets,
like the iPad, lend themselves to
social computing experiences.
Example:
Matt Jones of BERG Design Consultancy
created an UI iPad sketch that explores the
passable and sharable nature of the iPad as
an object
120

121. 7. Principle of Spatial Representation
Unlike GUI systems, where an
icon serves as visual
representation of information,
NUIs represent information as
objects.
Example:
NUI objects have auras, like
attraction affordances pictured in this
Surface Table application.
121

122. 8. Principle of Seamlessness
Touchscreens, sensors
embedded in hardware, and
the use of gestural UIs allow
NUI interactions to feel
seamless for users because
interactions are direct. There
are fewer barriers between the
user and information.
Example:
Coverflow UI on the iPhone is a
seamless way to navigate content
122

123. GUI/NUI Chasm
123

124. Q:
Q:

125. Key differences between
NUI and GUI
125

126. Defining Attributes of
GUIs…
126

127. GUI Mental Model =
Computer as tool
127

128. GUI = Recognition
“What you see is what you get”
128

129. GUI = Metaphorics, containment and place
129

130. GUIs = Heavy Chrome, Icons & Buttons
130

131. Defining Attributes of
NUIs…
131

132. NUI Mental Model =
Computer as media
132

133. NUI = Intuition
“What you do is what you get”
133

134. NUI = Fluid, Unmediated, and Organic
134

135. NUIs = Content is the Star
135

136. GUI = Experiences are anchored
136

137. NUI = Experiences Unfold
137

138. NUIs Unfold Like a Game
138

139. NUIs Can Feel Anchor-less
139

140. 140

141. Mobile Experiences Unfold
Patterns for how mobile experiences unfold
and progressively reveal their nature
1 The Nested Doll Pattern
2 The Hub and Spoke Pattern
3 The Bento Box Pattern
4 The Filtered View Pattern
141

142. Nested Doll Pattern
142

143. Hub and Spoke Pattern
143

144. Bento Box Pattern
144

145. Filtered View Pattern
145

146. Design Challenge!
From GUI to NUI
1 Identify an interaction sequence you’d like to
recreate using NUI principles.
2 Sketch out the interaction using the
templates provided.
3 Identify how you’d like your mobile
experience to unfold.
146

147. 147

148. 148

149. 149

150. 150

151. 151

152. REMEMBER!
It’s easy to go crazy and try to do it all.
Instead, focus on applying what we’ve covered…
Understanding the differences between
graphical and natural user interfaces.
Experimenting with how your mobile experience
can unfold and and progressively reveal its
nature.
Play around with the unfolding patterns that have
been presented… or invent some of your own.
152

153. GUI to NUI Translation
Focus on....
Boulder to Pebbles - Create UIs that
speak their power with Ruthless
Editing!
NUI characteristics:
• Computer as Media • What you DO is what you get
• Content is the interface • Unfolding
NUI Unfolding Patterns
• Nested Doll • Hub and Spoke
• Bento Box • Filtered View

154. 30 Minutes

155. Paper In-Screen Prototypes
Following Process documented by Diego Pulidovia
UX Magazine – Paper In-Screen Prototypes
Photos courtesy of Diego Pulido and UX Magazine
155

156. 1. Sketch screen layouts.
156
Photo courtesy of Diego Pulido and UX Magazine

157. 1. Sketch screen layouts.
2. Scan or photograph
the sketches.
157
Photo courtesy of Diego Pulido and UX Magazine

158. 1. Sketch screen layouts.
2. Scan or photograph
the sketches.
3. Making sizing
adjustments to the
files.
158
Photo courtesy of Diego Pulido and UX Magazine

159. 4. Save the resized
images in a file format
supported by the mobile
device. Be mindful of the
sequencing of your
screens and label files
accordingly.
159
Photo courtesy of Diego Pulido and UX Magazine

160. 4. Save the resized
images in a file format
supported by the mobile
device. Be mindful of the
sequencing of your
screens and label files
accordingly.
5. Import the files into the
mobile device’s photo
gallery.
160
Photo courtesy of Diego Pulido and UX Magazine

161. 4. Save the resized
images in a file format
supported by the mobile
device. Be mindful of the
sequencing of your
screens and label files
accordingly.
5. Import the files into the
mobile device’s photo
gallery.
6. Click and swipe away.
161
Photo courtesy of Diego Pulido and UX Magazine

162. 5-10 Minutes

163. Q:
Now you can
really start to have
Q:
some fun!

164. • Gesture
• Sound/Voice
• Image/Video
• GPS
• Animation
• Facial Recognition
• Sensors

167. Q:
What revisions can
Q:
you make now?

168. Design Challenge!
From GUI to NUI Modifications
1 Now that your concept is on the device, what
new interactions does the device inspire?
Modify your existing interaction sequence
2 with at least one NUI-inspired interaction
Create a new in-screen prototype using the
3 new NUI-inspired interaction
168

169. 20 Minutes

170. 3
Key Learnings
170

171. 1. Sketching Rocks!
171

172. 2. Get into the NUI Paradigm
to design for it

173. 3. Get your work on a device
as quickly as you
can
173
Photo courtesy of Diego Pulido and UX Magazine

174. 3. GET YOUR WORK ON A
DEVICE AS QUICKLY
AS YOU CAN
174
Photo courtesy of Diego Pulido and UX Magazine

175. 175

176. 176

177. 177

178. supermodel

179. Use the medium you’re
designing for

180. Making it pretty…

181. 181

182. Tactical Prototypes
Sketching
In-Screen Mobile Prototypes
Mobile Browser Prototypes
Keynote/Powerpoint Prototypes
Flash Prototype
Platform Specific Prototype
182

183. Keynote/Powerpoint Prototypes
183

184. 184

185. Reasons for Prototyping
in Keynote/Powerpoint
It’s super efficient and fast!
Level of fidelity is high – gives you an end
result that looks and feels like a real app.
Supports *some* gestures and transitions.
It’s as close as you can get to the real thing
without digging into code.
185

186. http://keynotopia.com/
186

187. Even in situations in which a spirit of
exploration and freedom exist, where faculty
are free to experiment to workIn closing….
beyond physical
and social constraints, our cognitive habits
often get in the way.
Marshall McLuhan called it “the rear-view
mirror effect,” noting that “We see the world
through a rear-view mirror. We march
backwards into the future.”

188. Fidelity
188

189. Failure
189

190. Prototyping is not a Panacea
190

191. Mobile presents an
opportunity to invent new
ways for users to interact
with information.
191

192. Great Mobile Experiences:
1 are uniquely mobile
2 are sympathetic to context
3 speak their power
3

193. Q:
Q:

194. PC Prototyping
is considered a
Luxury
A

195. Mobile Prototyping is
Essential
A

196. A
Prototyping
will help you develop
Mobile Instincts
196

197. Thank you!
Email:
rachelhinman@gmail.com