Data centres are information institutions concerned with collecting and disseminating data. They gather, compile, process, evaluate and disseminate data from various fields including science, technology, business and more. Data centres store, organize and make data available to users. CODATA was established internationally to promote and coordinate data compilation activities between countries. There are also national data centres in countries like India that are involved in data generation and compilation related to various fields like environment, science and technology.
This document provides an overview of user education in libraries. It defines user education as educating patrons on how to use the library and its services. It explains that user education is important because libraries have a wide range of resources but patrons may be ignorant of them, and libraries are large and complex. It then describes several current methods for user education, including shelf guiding, lectures, seminars, demonstrations, guided tours, and orientation weeks. It also discusses audiovisual, computer-aided, and web-based instruction. The document concludes by welcoming the user to the SPS College library and explaining how the librarian can help users search for resources.
The document discusses the key functions and processes for acquiring books and other materials for a library collection. It describes the main steps as:
1. Document selection which involves planning, finding relevant resources, and approving selections.
2. Document procurement that includes determining acquisition methods, terms with suppliers, and ordering procedures.
3. Document accessioning which is the process of recording acquired materials in the library's collection through an accession register and assigning unique identifiers to each item.
The word 'Bibliography' originates from two Greek words, viz., 'Biblion' which means 'Book' and 'graphien' which means 'to write'. The original meaning of 'bibliography' was 'writing of books', Nowadays bibliography means listing of book/documents irrespective of the fact that whether they are available in a library or not.
CAS and SDI are types of current awareness services that aim to keep users informed of new developments in their fields. CAS disseminates information to all users on a topic, while SDI provides personalized, targeted information to individuals based on their specific interests. SDI involves creating user profiles that are matched to document profiles to select only the most relevant new information for each user. Both services rely on scanning current literature sources, but SDI uses computers to automate the selection and notification process, providing a more precise service than general CAS updates. The goal of both is to save users' time by bringing new relevant information to their attention in a timely manner.
(a) Text: notes, captions, subtitles, contents, indexes.
(b) Data: tables, charts, graphs, spreadsheets.
(c) Graphics: drawings, prints, maps, etc.
(d) Photographic images : negatives, slides, prints .
(e) Animation: including both computer generated, video, etc.
(f) Audio: speech and music digitized from cassettes, tapes, CDs, etc.
(g) Video (digital): either converted from analogue film or entirely created within a computer.
Z39.50 :An Information Retrieval Protocol.
The development of online bibliographic databases and the rapid growth of online services accessible on the internet and world wide web (WWW) has made it possible to access information in ways not possible before. Libraries, whose primary mandate is to provide information, shifted the emphasis from collecting the information in hard copy to accessing information through electronic resources.
Information repackaging is a process to repackage the analyzed, consolidate information in that form which is more suitable & usable for library users. Customization of information taking into account the needs and characteristics of the individual or user groups and matching them with the information to be provided so that diffusion of information occurs.
Automation is the use of machines, control systems, and information technologies to optimize productivity and minimize human intervention. Library automation applies these principles to libraries by using technology to automate processes like collection, processing, storage, and retrieval of information. This frees up librarians and staff to focus on more meaningful tasks. The need for library automation stems from issues like information explosion, the rise of different formats and user needs, and limitations of libraries in terms of time, space, and human resources.
This document provides an overview of user education in libraries. It defines user education as educating patrons on how to use the library and its services. It explains that user education is important because libraries have a wide range of resources but patrons may be ignorant of them, and libraries are large and complex. It then describes several current methods for user education, including shelf guiding, lectures, seminars, demonstrations, guided tours, and orientation weeks. It also discusses audiovisual, computer-aided, and web-based instruction. The document concludes by welcoming the user to the SPS College library and explaining how the librarian can help users search for resources.
The document discusses the key functions and processes for acquiring books and other materials for a library collection. It describes the main steps as:
1. Document selection which involves planning, finding relevant resources, and approving selections.
2. Document procurement that includes determining acquisition methods, terms with suppliers, and ordering procedures.
3. Document accessioning which is the process of recording acquired materials in the library's collection through an accession register and assigning unique identifiers to each item.
The word 'Bibliography' originates from two Greek words, viz., 'Biblion' which means 'Book' and 'graphien' which means 'to write'. The original meaning of 'bibliography' was 'writing of books', Nowadays bibliography means listing of book/documents irrespective of the fact that whether they are available in a library or not.
CAS and SDI are types of current awareness services that aim to keep users informed of new developments in their fields. CAS disseminates information to all users on a topic, while SDI provides personalized, targeted information to individuals based on their specific interests. SDI involves creating user profiles that are matched to document profiles to select only the most relevant new information for each user. Both services rely on scanning current literature sources, but SDI uses computers to automate the selection and notification process, providing a more precise service than general CAS updates. The goal of both is to save users' time by bringing new relevant information to their attention in a timely manner.
(a) Text: notes, captions, subtitles, contents, indexes.
(b) Data: tables, charts, graphs, spreadsheets.
(c) Graphics: drawings, prints, maps, etc.
(d) Photographic images : negatives, slides, prints .
(e) Animation: including both computer generated, video, etc.
(f) Audio: speech and music digitized from cassettes, tapes, CDs, etc.
(g) Video (digital): either converted from analogue film or entirely created within a computer.
Z39.50 :An Information Retrieval Protocol.
The development of online bibliographic databases and the rapid growth of online services accessible on the internet and world wide web (WWW) has made it possible to access information in ways not possible before. Libraries, whose primary mandate is to provide information, shifted the emphasis from collecting the information in hard copy to accessing information through electronic resources.
Information repackaging is a process to repackage the analyzed, consolidate information in that form which is more suitable & usable for library users. Customization of information taking into account the needs and characteristics of the individual or user groups and matching them with the information to be provided so that diffusion of information occurs.
Automation is the use of machines, control systems, and information technologies to optimize productivity and minimize human intervention. Library automation applies these principles to libraries by using technology to automate processes like collection, processing, storage, and retrieval of information. This frees up librarians and staff to focus on more meaningful tasks. The need for library automation stems from issues like information explosion, the rise of different formats and user needs, and limitations of libraries in terms of time, space, and human resources.
Library automation refers to the implementation of information and communications technologies (ICT) in the libraries and information centres for replacing manual library operations. The term automation is used for any process which is done through input and output operation. Library automation system includes maintenance of large bibliographical database. The status of library automation depends on Interaction between human and computer to accomplish various tasks of the library automation systems. In order to provide and also to enable the records in the database. The international standards for bibliographic description of library automation system uses sophisticated software tools and standard to index search and display information from the database created.
This document discusses two digital library software systems: Greenstone and DSpace.
[1] Greenstone and DSpace allow librarians to build their own digital collections and customize them for their needs. Both systems aim to make it easy for others to build comprehensive digital libraries.
[2] The document describes the key features and functions of each software, including advantages like being open source and customizable, as well as disadvantages like technical knowledge requirements.
[3] Options for integrating the two systems are explored, including using the OAI-PMH protocol, the METS standard, or developing a direct bridge between the software like the StoneD module.
An institutional repository (IR) is a digital archive of research material created by a university or research institution's faculty, staff, and students that is accessible to both internal and external users. An IR centralizes and disseminates various works like publications, data sets, and course materials. It provides benefits like increased visibility, improved access to research, and long-term preservation of institutional outputs. However, challenges include costs, generating content, sustaining support, and rights management issues. Key features of an IR include user registration, document submission and approval workflows, archiving with identifiers, and search/browse dissemination. Librarians play an important role in advocacy, content development, and administration, while authors contribute works and ensure
This document proposes automating the library at NTU FSD. It discusses the need for library automation to improve access and services. The objectives of automation include maintaining bibliographic records, providing catalog access, and implementing new IT processes. Selection criteria for an integrated library system include functionality, user interface, standards support, scalability, and costs. The proposal recommends analyzing needs, developing criteria, evaluating systems, and issuing a request for proposal to potential vendors. The implementation process involves strategic planning, data conversion, pilot testing, and post-implementation review.
The document discusses library consortia, which are cooperative arrangements that allow groups like academic institutions to share resources. It provides background on what consortia are, outlines their key features and benefits. These include reducing costs, expanding access to publications, and addressing issues like rising journal prices and shrinking budgets. Various Indian library consortia initiatives are also described, such as UGC-INFONET, INDEST, and CSIR-DST. Different types of consortia models are covered.
This document discusses Library 2.0 and related concepts. It begins by defining Library 2.0 as applying Web 2.0 tools to library services to meet user needs caused by the effects of Web 2.0. Web 2.0 is described as facilitating user participation and collaboration. Key differences between Library 1.0 and Library 2.0 are outlined, with Library 2.0 being more user-centered, participatory, and flexible. Examples of Web 2.0 tools for libraries like wikis, blogs and RSS feeds are provided along with potential benefits and use cases.
All types of libraries /information centres are organized to provide some basic services which are rendered either in anticipation or on demand from the users. The information services provided in anticipation are termed as alerting services as this alert the users about the new information of their interest. Broadly speaking the same is also termed as current awareness service . The primary aim of any library is to provide timely and quality services to its users
The document discusses the structure and components of a library circulation system. It covers objectives of circulation work like tracking books that are borrowed and returned. It describes different circulation systems like register, card, and automated systems. Key aspects covered include user registration, charging and discharging books, interlibrary loans, circulation functions, policies, and management.
Library networking involves cooperation between libraries to share resources and provide maximum access to users. It requires creating tools like union catalogs to make each library's collections accessible. Rational acquisition and fast interlibrary loan are important. Participating libraries must be willing to contribute records, train staff, and adopt standards. Networks aim to expand access and services while reducing costs through collaborative collection development and resource sharing. They allow libraries to offer more than they could individually.
INSDOC was established in 1952 to provide information support to Indian scientists and researchers. It later merged with NISCOM in 2002 to form NISCAIR. NISCAIR collects, organizes, and disseminates science and technology information to researchers, universities, industries, and others. It provides various services including document delivery, library automation, publications, training, and access to resources like the National Science Library and databases.
Current awareness service a contemporary issue in digital era - anil mishraAnil Mishra
Current Awareness Services (CAS) provide important information to keep professionals informed in their fields. Traditionally, CAS involved selecting and disseminating newly available documents. With digital technologies, CAS delivery has shifted to be more personalized and timely. Effective CAS know the topics, users, information sources, and deliver the right information to the right user in the right format in a reliable and cost-effective manner. Common forms of CAS discussed include current awareness lists, selective dissemination of information, press clippings, research in progress announcements, and electronic methods like newsletters, blogs, RSS feeds, and mobile alerts.
An information system is composed of various components that work together to collect, organize, store, and disseminate information. The main components include hardware, software, databases, networks, procedures, and human resources. An information system gathers relevant data and processes it to provide informational support for decision makers. It maintains and shares information through its collection of complementary networks and organizations. The overall goal is to effectively store and distribute data to support management decisions.
Informetrics is the study of quantitative aspects of information and involves the measurement of information phenomena and the application of mathematical methods to information problems. It encompasses fields like bibliometrics, scientometrics, and webometrics. Informetrics is an interdisciplinary field that is used in library management, the sociology and history of science, science policy, and information retrieval. It examines information flows and follows informetric laws like Bradford's law of scattering, Lotka's law, and Zipf's law. Informetrics offers opportunities for information professionals and is becoming a scientific discipline.
Collection Development Policy in College LibraryPallavi Belkar
The document outlines the collection development policy of the fictional Aadarsh College of Arts and Commerce library in Mumbai. It details the purpose of developing a collection development policy, including guiding material selection and identifying gaps. It describes the library's collection scope and formats, as well as the selection criteria and responsibilities. The acquisition process and budget considerations are also summarized.
Library automation refers to the use of computer to serve the needs of library users. It is the use of automatic and semi-automatic data processing machine to perform such traditional activities such as acquisition, cataloguing, serial control and circulation. It perform various task on electronic machine a considerable human supervision and intervention is needed. Thus this paper traces about what are the objective of library automation, their needs, essential requirements, area of automation, benefits and which are the automation software are available in the market for library automation. Ms. Pramila Khushali Velip "Library Automation: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18559.pdf
This document discusses sources of funding for libraries and standards for library budgets. It outlines potential sources of revenue for libraries such as subscriptions, taxes/rates, government grants, fines/fees, endowments, gifts, and sales. It also describes two methods for determining library budgets - the per capita method which sets a minimum amount per person, and the proportional method which bases the budget on a percentage of the educational or research budget. The document concludes that adequate funding is essential for libraries to provide quality resources and services.
A presentation on select digital library initiatives in India by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
This document discusses the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on libraries. It defines ICT as technologies used to communicate and disseminate information. The main ICT components in libraries are computer technology, communication technology, and reproduction technology. ICT allows libraries to automate functions like cataloging, circulation, and reference services. It also enables new user services like remote access to online catalogs and databases. Overall, ICT has transformed libraries by improving access, services, and operations.
This document provides an overview of managing an organization's data and knowledge resources. It discusses key concepts like data, information, and knowledge. It also covers database technologies, including data warehouses and data centers. Big data and data analytics are explained. Blockchain technology and its applications and barriers are summarized. Knowledge management and knowledge management systems are also introduced. The document is an educational module that aims to define important data and knowledge management terms and concepts.
This document provides an introduction to data mining and data warehousing. It defines data mining as the process of extracting knowledge from large amounts of data. The evolution of database technologies is discussed, from early file processing systems to today's data warehousing and data mining capabilities. Key aspects of data mining systems and processes are described, including the typical architecture of a data mining system with components like data sources, data mining engines, and knowledge bases. The document also discusses the types of data that data mining can be applied to, such as relational databases and data warehouses.
Library automation refers to the implementation of information and communications technologies (ICT) in the libraries and information centres for replacing manual library operations. The term automation is used for any process which is done through input and output operation. Library automation system includes maintenance of large bibliographical database. The status of library automation depends on Interaction between human and computer to accomplish various tasks of the library automation systems. In order to provide and also to enable the records in the database. The international standards for bibliographic description of library automation system uses sophisticated software tools and standard to index search and display information from the database created.
This document discusses two digital library software systems: Greenstone and DSpace.
[1] Greenstone and DSpace allow librarians to build their own digital collections and customize them for their needs. Both systems aim to make it easy for others to build comprehensive digital libraries.
[2] The document describes the key features and functions of each software, including advantages like being open source and customizable, as well as disadvantages like technical knowledge requirements.
[3] Options for integrating the two systems are explored, including using the OAI-PMH protocol, the METS standard, or developing a direct bridge between the software like the StoneD module.
An institutional repository (IR) is a digital archive of research material created by a university or research institution's faculty, staff, and students that is accessible to both internal and external users. An IR centralizes and disseminates various works like publications, data sets, and course materials. It provides benefits like increased visibility, improved access to research, and long-term preservation of institutional outputs. However, challenges include costs, generating content, sustaining support, and rights management issues. Key features of an IR include user registration, document submission and approval workflows, archiving with identifiers, and search/browse dissemination. Librarians play an important role in advocacy, content development, and administration, while authors contribute works and ensure
This document proposes automating the library at NTU FSD. It discusses the need for library automation to improve access and services. The objectives of automation include maintaining bibliographic records, providing catalog access, and implementing new IT processes. Selection criteria for an integrated library system include functionality, user interface, standards support, scalability, and costs. The proposal recommends analyzing needs, developing criteria, evaluating systems, and issuing a request for proposal to potential vendors. The implementation process involves strategic planning, data conversion, pilot testing, and post-implementation review.
The document discusses library consortia, which are cooperative arrangements that allow groups like academic institutions to share resources. It provides background on what consortia are, outlines their key features and benefits. These include reducing costs, expanding access to publications, and addressing issues like rising journal prices and shrinking budgets. Various Indian library consortia initiatives are also described, such as UGC-INFONET, INDEST, and CSIR-DST. Different types of consortia models are covered.
This document discusses Library 2.0 and related concepts. It begins by defining Library 2.0 as applying Web 2.0 tools to library services to meet user needs caused by the effects of Web 2.0. Web 2.0 is described as facilitating user participation and collaboration. Key differences between Library 1.0 and Library 2.0 are outlined, with Library 2.0 being more user-centered, participatory, and flexible. Examples of Web 2.0 tools for libraries like wikis, blogs and RSS feeds are provided along with potential benefits and use cases.
All types of libraries /information centres are organized to provide some basic services which are rendered either in anticipation or on demand from the users. The information services provided in anticipation are termed as alerting services as this alert the users about the new information of their interest. Broadly speaking the same is also termed as current awareness service . The primary aim of any library is to provide timely and quality services to its users
The document discusses the structure and components of a library circulation system. It covers objectives of circulation work like tracking books that are borrowed and returned. It describes different circulation systems like register, card, and automated systems. Key aspects covered include user registration, charging and discharging books, interlibrary loans, circulation functions, policies, and management.
Library networking involves cooperation between libraries to share resources and provide maximum access to users. It requires creating tools like union catalogs to make each library's collections accessible. Rational acquisition and fast interlibrary loan are important. Participating libraries must be willing to contribute records, train staff, and adopt standards. Networks aim to expand access and services while reducing costs through collaborative collection development and resource sharing. They allow libraries to offer more than they could individually.
INSDOC was established in 1952 to provide information support to Indian scientists and researchers. It later merged with NISCOM in 2002 to form NISCAIR. NISCAIR collects, organizes, and disseminates science and technology information to researchers, universities, industries, and others. It provides various services including document delivery, library automation, publications, training, and access to resources like the National Science Library and databases.
Current awareness service a contemporary issue in digital era - anil mishraAnil Mishra
Current Awareness Services (CAS) provide important information to keep professionals informed in their fields. Traditionally, CAS involved selecting and disseminating newly available documents. With digital technologies, CAS delivery has shifted to be more personalized and timely. Effective CAS know the topics, users, information sources, and deliver the right information to the right user in the right format in a reliable and cost-effective manner. Common forms of CAS discussed include current awareness lists, selective dissemination of information, press clippings, research in progress announcements, and electronic methods like newsletters, blogs, RSS feeds, and mobile alerts.
An information system is composed of various components that work together to collect, organize, store, and disseminate information. The main components include hardware, software, databases, networks, procedures, and human resources. An information system gathers relevant data and processes it to provide informational support for decision makers. It maintains and shares information through its collection of complementary networks and organizations. The overall goal is to effectively store and distribute data to support management decisions.
Informetrics is the study of quantitative aspects of information and involves the measurement of information phenomena and the application of mathematical methods to information problems. It encompasses fields like bibliometrics, scientometrics, and webometrics. Informetrics is an interdisciplinary field that is used in library management, the sociology and history of science, science policy, and information retrieval. It examines information flows and follows informetric laws like Bradford's law of scattering, Lotka's law, and Zipf's law. Informetrics offers opportunities for information professionals and is becoming a scientific discipline.
Collection Development Policy in College LibraryPallavi Belkar
The document outlines the collection development policy of the fictional Aadarsh College of Arts and Commerce library in Mumbai. It details the purpose of developing a collection development policy, including guiding material selection and identifying gaps. It describes the library's collection scope and formats, as well as the selection criteria and responsibilities. The acquisition process and budget considerations are also summarized.
Library automation refers to the use of computer to serve the needs of library users. It is the use of automatic and semi-automatic data processing machine to perform such traditional activities such as acquisition, cataloguing, serial control and circulation. It perform various task on electronic machine a considerable human supervision and intervention is needed. Thus this paper traces about what are the objective of library automation, their needs, essential requirements, area of automation, benefits and which are the automation software are available in the market for library automation. Ms. Pramila Khushali Velip "Library Automation: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18559.pdf
This document discusses sources of funding for libraries and standards for library budgets. It outlines potential sources of revenue for libraries such as subscriptions, taxes/rates, government grants, fines/fees, endowments, gifts, and sales. It also describes two methods for determining library budgets - the per capita method which sets a minimum amount per person, and the proportional method which bases the budget on a percentage of the educational or research budget. The document concludes that adequate funding is essential for libraries to provide quality resources and services.
A presentation on select digital library initiatives in India by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
This document discusses the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on libraries. It defines ICT as technologies used to communicate and disseminate information. The main ICT components in libraries are computer technology, communication technology, and reproduction technology. ICT allows libraries to automate functions like cataloging, circulation, and reference services. It also enables new user services like remote access to online catalogs and databases. Overall, ICT has transformed libraries by improving access, services, and operations.
This document provides an overview of managing an organization's data and knowledge resources. It discusses key concepts like data, information, and knowledge. It also covers database technologies, including data warehouses and data centers. Big data and data analytics are explained. Blockchain technology and its applications and barriers are summarized. Knowledge management and knowledge management systems are also introduced. The document is an educational module that aims to define important data and knowledge management terms and concepts.
This document provides an introduction to data mining and data warehousing. It defines data mining as the process of extracting knowledge from large amounts of data. The evolution of database technologies is discussed, from early file processing systems to today's data warehousing and data mining capabilities. Key aspects of data mining systems and processes are described, including the typical architecture of a data mining system with components like data sources, data mining engines, and knowledge bases. The document also discusses the types of data that data mining can be applied to, such as relational databases and data warehouses.
This document provides an overview of data science and key concepts related to emerging technologies. It describes what data science is and its role, differentiates between data and information, describes the data processing life cycle and common data types. It also discusses the basics of big data, including characteristics like volume, velocity and variety. Finally, it introduces clustered computing and components of the Hadoop ecosystem.
This document provides an introduction to data warehousing. It defines a data warehouse as a subject-oriented, integrated, time-invariant, and non-volatile collection of data from multiple sources designed to support analysis and decision making. Data warehouses centralize data for analysis, allow analysis of broad business data over time, and are a core component of business intelligence. They improve decision making, increase productivity and efficiency, and provide competitive advantages for organizations. While data warehouses provide benefits, they also face challenges related to scalability, speed, and security.
This document outlines a research proposal for a Masters thesis to design and implement a data warehouse prototype for the Chief Academic Officer at the University of Dar es Salaam. The proposal provides background on data warehousing, identifies the problem of siloed and difficult to access data across the university's systems. The objectives are to study data warehouse architecture, identify key design aspects, develop a university system data warehouse model, and test the model. The significance is that the results can be used to develop a data warehouse for improved decision making and information access for the Chief Academic Officer.
This document discusses data mining and provides an overview of the topic. It begins by defining data mining as the process of analyzing large amounts of data to discover hidden patterns and rules. The goal is to analyze this data and summarize it into useful information that can be used to make decisions.
It then describes some common data mining techniques like decision trees, neural networks, and clustering. It also discusses the typical stages of a data mining project, including business understanding, data preparation, modeling, evaluation, and deployment.
Finally, it provides examples of applications for data mining, such as in healthcare to identify patterns in patient data, education to improve learning outcomes, and manufacturing to enhance product quality. In summary, the document outlines the
The document discusses the syllabus for a course on Big Data Analytics. The syllabus covers four units: (1) an introduction to big data concepts like distributed file systems, Hadoop, and MapReduce; (2) Hadoop architecture including HDFS, MapReduce, and YARN; (3) Hadoop ecosystem components like Hive, Pig, HBase, and Spark; and (4) new features of Hadoop 2.0 like high availability for NameNode and HDFS federation. The course aims to provide students with foundational knowledge of big data technologies and tools for processing and analyzing large datasets.
Lecture at an event "SEEDS Kick-off meeting", FORS, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Related materials: http://www.snf.ch/en/funding/programmes/scopes/Pages/default.aspx
http://seedsproject.ch/?page_id=368
Business Intelligence and Analytics Unit-2 part-A .pptxRupaRani28
This document provides an overview of data mining, including its definition, process, applications, and challenges. Data mining involves analyzing large datasets to extract useful patterns and trends. It has several key steps: data is collected and loaded into warehouses, analysts determine how to organize it, software sorts and organizes the data, and it is presented to end users. Data mining is used by organizations in retail, finance, marketing and other industries to determine customer preferences and behaviors to help with decisions. While powerful, data mining also faces challenges to do with performance, data issues, and selecting the right techniques.
1) The document discusses storage technologies and data centers. It covers topics like digital data types, information storage, data center infrastructure, and key characteristics of data center elements.
2) Specifically, it defines structured and unstructured data and explains how businesses analyze data to derive meaningful information. It also describes the basic components of a data center including applications, databases, servers, networks, and storage arrays.
3) The document emphasizes that reliable data center infrastructure is critical for businesses to ensure uninterrupted operations and data access. Core elements must work together to address data processing needs.
Data Mining – analyse Bank Marketing Data Set by WEKA.Mateusz Brzoska
This document is a thesis submitted by Mateusz Brzoska to Middlesex University in 2015 on analyzing a bank marketing data set using the WEKA data mining software. The thesis aims to study data mining techniques and methods to predict if clients will subscribe to term deposits, and to analyze the data set for clustering, classification, and prediction. It will demonstrate data mining algorithms and rules to achieve the goal of understanding customer behavior from the bank marketing data. The thesis will focus on knowledge discovery in databases and data mining as a decision support system for extracting useful patterns from large data sources.
BIG DATA IN CLOUD COMPUTING REVIEW AND OPPORTUNITIESijcsit
Big Data is used in decision making process to gain useful insights hidden in the data for business and engineering. At the same time it presents challenges in processing, cloud computing has helped in advancement of big data by providing computational, networking and storage capacity. This paper presents the review, opportunities and challenges of transforming big data using cloud computing resources.
Big Data is used in decision making process to gain useful insights hidden in the data for business and engineering. At the same time it presents challenges in processing, cloud computing has helped in advancement of big data by providing computational, networking and storage capacity. This paper presents the review, opportunities and challenges of transforming big data using cloud computing resources.
This document discusses data warehousing and data mining. It defines data warehousing as the process of centralizing data from different sources for analysis. Data mining is described as the process of analyzing data to uncover hidden patterns and relationships. The document provides examples of how data mining and data warehousing can be used together, with data warehousing collecting and organizing data that is then analyzed using data mining techniques to generate useful insights. Applications of data mining and data warehousing discussed include medicine, finance, marketing, and scientific discovery.
Due to the arrival of new technologies, devices, and communication means, the amount of data produced by mankind is growing rapidly every year. This gives rise to the era of big data. The term big data comes with the new challenges to input, process and output the data. The paper focuses on limitation of traditional approach to manage the data and the components that are useful in handling big data. One of the approaches used in processing big data is Hadoop framework, the paper presents the major components of the framework and working process within the framework.
This document presents a high-level data warehouse, business intelligence, and reporting strategy for CDCR. It defines key terms, lists references and sources of information, and scopes the project. The strategy will define a lifecycle for a DW implementation, leverage industry best practices, and align with CDCR's existing systems and strategic needs over three phases. It seeks to improve data quality, governance, and performance metrics for decision making.
NIH Data Commons - Note: Presentation has animations Vivien Bonazzi
Presented at the Data Commons & Data Science Workshop (University of Chicago - Centre for Data Intensive Science):
NB- there are animations in these slides so static slides might not view well
Similar to M.LIB_.-_Paper_VIII-_Data_Centre_and_Referral_Centre-lecture_2-Dr_Sonal_Singh.pptx (20)
dEthical Issues in Research-1 Final.pptxJosephIThomas
This document discusses research methodology and ethics. It defines research and outlines the scientific patterns of research which include recognizing problems, reviewing literature, formulating hypotheses, designing research, collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and generating new hypotheses. It emphasizes that research must be directed towards solving problems, developing generalizations based on empirical evidence, and carefully recorded and replicable. The document also discusses ethical values in research like truth, fairness and informed consent. It outlines basic aspects of ethics like respecting diversity, privacy, and properly involving vulnerable groups. The importance of identifying stakeholders and defining the research problem and population are also covered.
This document provides an overview of formulas and functions in MS Excel. It explains that formulas perform calculations using values, cell references, operators, and functions. Common operators include arithmetic, comparison, and reference operators. The document lists many important functions organized by category and provides examples of commonly used functions like SUM, AVERAGE, IF, and VLOOKUP. It describes proper syntax for functions and how functions can be nested within other functions.
Establishing A Centre of Excellence in IPR at Rajagiri College.ppsxJosephIThomas
The document proposes establishing a Centre of Excellence in Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) studies at Rajarigi College. It outlines a vision for the centre to help address IPR grievances and publish on IPR topics. The centre would offer M.Res programs in areas like digital humanities and law librarianship, conduct an annual IPR seminar, and collaborate with universities and IPR organizations. It would provide IPR consultancy and internships, and establish an equipped library with IPR resources. The goal is to train students to work in law libraries and help address IPR issues faced by library users.
University Library Services during covid 19.pptxJosephIThomas
This document summarizes an investigative study on university library services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study examined the services provided by three university libraries in Kerala, India. It investigated topics such as user needs, available resources, services offered, user satisfaction, and barriers faced. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using statistical methods like chi-square and F-tests. Key findings included high usage of online resources like journals and search engines; preference for resources like JSTOR, JGate and ProQuest; and barriers like difficulty finding information and limited library hours during the pandemic period.
national social science documentation centren.pptxJosephIThomas
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You can see the future first in San Francisco.
Over the past year, the talk of the town has shifted from $10 billion compute clusters to $100 billion clusters to trillion-dollar clusters. Every six months another zero is added to the boardroom plans. Behind the scenes, there’s a fierce scramble to secure every power contract still available for the rest of the decade, every voltage transformer that can possibly be procured. American big business is gearing up to pour trillions of dollars into a long-unseen mobilization of American industrial might. By the end of the decade, American electricity production will have grown tens of percent; from the shale fields of Pennsylvania to the solar farms of Nevada, hundreds of millions of GPUs will hum.
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Let me tell you what we see.
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1. DATA CENTRES AND
REFERRAL CENTRES
MLIB-Paper VIII- Data Centres and Referral Centres-Lecture 2-By-
Dr Sonal Singh
2. INTRODUCTION
Society has undergone changes from Agricultural to
Industrial and then to knowledge society.
Accordingly, information institutions are also modifying
themselves to serve the changing society.
Some of the popular categories of information institutions
are, Libraries, Documentation Centres, Information
Analysis Centres, Data Centres, Referral Centres, etc.
3. DATA CENTRES
As the name suggests, Data Centre is a type of
information institution which is concern with the
collection and dissemination of data.
The modern society is very much in need of data for
various human progress activities like planning,
development, decision making, etc.
Data centres perform gathering, compilation, processing,
evaluation and dissemination of data, not only in the field
of Science and Technology, but also in various subject
fields.
4. DATA CENTRES
Data Centres are devoted only to the storage of data and
to make it available as and when required.
Data centres are one of the essential information
institutions which deals with organised data compilation
activities from gathering , processing, evaluation and
dissemination.
Data centre is an organisation which handles “quantitative
numerical data.”
It is also considered as a special information centre.
5. DATA
Data precisely is numerical , factual , alphabetical or graphic
and one dimensional.
Data is unprocessed information. It is also termed as ‘raw
information.’
The data may be described as a discrete and unorganised piece
of information.
It is also defined as groups of non-random symbols, consisting of
quantities, action objects, etc.
Research depends on easy availability of earlier research data.
6. DATA
Data must be collected , processed and organised for its
better utilization.
Data may be of different categories such as: Scientific
data, Technical data, Techno-economic data, Business
data, Industrial data, Manpower data, Socio-economic
data, demographic date, etc.
Data generally collected through observation and surveys
are required to be stored for future use.
The institutions developed for this purpose are known as
data centre.
7. DATA CENTRES AND DATA BANK
The terms Data centres and Data banks are used
synonymously but they vary in regard to the subject they
deal with and also the type of data they handle.
Data centres handle only numerical data pertaining to
Science and Technology primarily with physical and
chemical properties.
Data banks are multidisciplinary and handle all types of
data comprising administrative, statistical , techno-
economic, census, management subjects which are
produced by various institutions and agencies.
8. DATA CENTRES AND DATA BANK
cont……….
Data centres handle data themselves and also the
literature concerning them whereas data banks handle
only data.
Data centres store data related to narrow field of
specialization.
Any institution interested in developing data handling
capacities may be called data centre.
9. STRUCTURE OF DATA CENTRE
The data centre generally includes three major
components :
1. An organised data collection (i.e. database);
2. A connection with the data sources which periodically
update the database.
3. The users who are in direct interaction with the
database to meet their requirements.
10. FUNCTIONS OF DATA CENTRE
Three main functions of data centre are-
1. Data compilation- The generated data should be compiled to
put it to use . It involves collection , correction and grouping.
2. Evaluation- The data collected are evaluated by other users
for its utility.
3. Dissemination- data disseminated to prevent duplication.
11. BASIC PRINCIPLES Of
ORGANISATION OF DATA CENTRE
1. Data received and collected from different documents by a
group of specialists who decide the importance and relevance
of data , control and fit them with the generator source.
2.The received data are organised as basic data for their
further use in initial form.
3.data converted into machine readable form and structured
into a database for computer processing.
12. DATA CENTRE- PERSONNEL
For accomplishing various functions efficiently, a data
centre should be equipped with suitably trained
manpower.
Data centre employs following different categories of
personnel-
i) Data Coordinators.
ii) Data Specialists.
iii) Data Analysts.
iv) Programmers.
13. DATA SERVICES OF DATA CENTRE
The data centre is expected to provide two basic types of
services-
i- answer user queries,
ii- supply the processed/synthesised data . This data is
processed from basic data.
The data services may be provided on demand or on
anticipatory basis.
The data centre collects, processes data for its
dissemination to answer the user queries.
14. DATA CENTRES : TYPES AND LEVELS
Data centres vary both in scope and size.
A data centre can be established at Local, Regional,
National and International level.
The data services either exclusively offered by three
different data centres, or collectively by one or two
centres of the following types-
1. Data Evaluation Centre (DEC)- includes organisation
which generate critical data systems . Its basic function is
to compile, process and to evaluate data in a specialised
area . These are one or two only for each country.
15. DATA CENTRES : TYPES AND LEVELS
2.1- Data Dissemination Centre (Local) (DDC)-These are
established at the local level and cover a wide subject
area. These are also a part and parcel of DECs. The user
gets the data from Dec through local-DDC or sometimes
directly from DECs. It offers following services-
-offer references from collected published compilations.
-services from stored /collected machine readable data.
-assisting user in data finding .
-publish secondary publications on data.
16. DATA CENTRES : TYPES AND LEVELS
2.2- Data Dissemination Centre (Global) (DDC)-These are
established at Global level. It is highly specialised in
subject matter and responds only to such information to
readers.
It stores all output products of Data Evaluation Centre in
the respective field.
It disseminates data on user’s request.
It provides necessary information to a Data Referral
Centre (DRC).
17. DATA CENTRES : TYPES AND LEVELS
3. - Data Referral Centre (Global) (DDC)-There can only
be a single DRC established at Global Level. This serves
the users through out the world.
It collects world wide information on data resources.
Prepare comprehensive file with detailed subject index
for data access.
Refer users to appropriate sources.
18. CODATA- Committee on Data for
Science and Technology
As data can be used by different agencies in different
forms, it was considered as collective effort.
Many academic and research institutions, Government
institutions and also international institutions started
participating in this activity.
In 1963, National Standard Reference Data System (NSRDS)
was established in USA.
Data compilation activities also started in other countries
like France, Japan, Germany, UK.
19. CODATA-
cont……….
Though many countries started participating in data
compilation activities, yet coordination part was missing
among various data compilation and data gathering
activities located globally.
A need of central agency was felt which can coordinate
and share its activities with other countries.
In 1966, International Council of Scientific Union (ICSU)
created CODATA to promote and encourage compilation,
evaluation and dissemination of reliable numerical data.
20. CODATA-
cont……….
CODATA provides Scientists and Engineers with access to
international data activities for increased awareness, direct
cooperation and new knowledge.
OBJECTIVES-
To improve quality and accessibility of data.
To improve the methods of data acquisition, management,
analysis and evaluation.
To facilitate international cooperation among institutions
participating in collection, organisation and use.
Promoting increasing awareness for participation in these
activities.
21. CODATA-
cont……….
PUBLICATIONS-
CODATA Newsletter- announces publication of current data
compilations, with comments, contents and accessibility.
CODATA Bulletins.
CODATA Directories of Data sources.
CODATA Referral Database.
22. INTERNATIONAL DATA CENTRES
1. NASA Astronomical Data Centre (ADC)- publishes
astronomical data and journal tables.
INTERNATION CENTRE FOR DIFFRACTION DATA (ICDD)- It
is a non-profit Scientific and Technical organisation. It has
world wide membership from academics, Government and
industries. The centre is dedicated towards collection ,
storage, editing, publication and dissemination of data
pertaining to power diffraction for the identification of
crystalline materials. It has vision to encourage the use of
the Power Diffraction File (PDF) for phase identification of
crystalline materials.
23. NATIONAL DATA CENTRES
India being the World’s second largest Scientific and
Technological base, contributes significantly in Research
and Development activities. Several institutions like,
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Indian Council of
Agricultural research (ICAR),Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO), Defence Research and Development
Organisation (DRDO) and many other academic and
research institutions are engaged in data generation and
compilation activities.
24. NATIONAL DATA CENTRES
cont…….
1. ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION CENTRE- It is governed
by the Ministry of Environment and Forests. It provides
high quality environmental data and information on India
in a timely and cost-effective manner to improve
environmental studies, project screening and scoping and
the decision making process.
2 NATIONAL THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES PROGRAM- It
is located at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. It was
established by the Science and Research Council (SERC)
25. NATIONAL DATA CENTRES
cont…….
of the Department of Science and Technology (DST). The
basic function of the centre is to evaluate and collect data
pertaining to Thermophysical properties.
3. National Crystal Data Centre (NCDT)- National
Information Centre on Crystallography (NICRYS) was
established in 1982 at Department of Crystallography and
Biophysics, University of Madras to serve National
Information System on Crystallography under National
Information Systems for Science and Technology (NISSAT)
Programme of Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research (DSIR), Government of India.
26. NATIONAL DATA CENTRES
cont…….
4. National Marine Data Centres (NMIDCs)- It was
established by the Department of Ocean Development
(DOD), Government of India with the objectives of
developing efficient data handling and database
structures using state-of-the art strategies to exercise
stringent quality control on data.
27. REFERRAL CENTRES
Referral Centres provide switching mechanisms among
different types of institutions.
It serves as intermediary directing those who have
queries concerning scientific and technical subjects, to
organisations as well as individuals who are specialist in
concerned field and are willing to share that knowledge
with others.
Referral centres provide guidance and assistance in
solving the information problems of the user community
regarding appropriate information.
28. REFERRAL CENTRES- DEFINITIONS
1. Referral Centre is an organisation for directing
researchers for information and data to appropriate
sources such as, libraries , information centres, evaluation
centres, documents and documentation centres and
individuals. A referral centre does not supply data or
documents.
-Harrod’s Librarian’s Glossary
It is like “Information Desk” which does not directly
provides information but suggests sources likeky to satisfy
enquirers.
29. REFERRAL CENTRES-
NEED AND PURPOSE
The basic purpose is to ease the stress on a single
information system which is being loaded with all
services. Libraries are integral and fundamental
components of the information network system. They are
unable to handle the dynamic needs of users which some
times fall outside the contents of documents alone . Due
to information bulk, timely importance of current
information and also evaluation factor, referral centres
became the utmost need to take guidance of experts.
30. REFERRAL CENTRES-FUNCTIONS
To collect world wide information about information/data
sources within the subject or mission.
To prepare a comprehensive inventory of the types of
information/data services available form these sources
with a detailed subject index to facilitate its access.
To guide users to appropriate sources where from the
required data or information may be obtained.
To function as an intermediary between enquirer and the
organisation and/or individuals who possess specialised
knowledge.
31. REFERRAL CENTRES-
BASIC OPERATIONS
A referral centre has to perform following basic
operations to achieve the objectives-
A referral centre should possess an inventory of all
significant information resources in different disciplines.
It should compile and publish directories of scientific and
technical information resources.
A referral centre has to analyse the operating relationship
that exist in the scientific information complex.
32. INFORMATION RESOURCES FOR
REFERRAL CENTRES-
For the purpose of referral centre, information resources
may be considered to include Professional Societies,
University Research Bureau and institutes, Government
agencies, libraries , Testing stations and individual experts
as well as more professional source of information such as
Technical libraries, Information and Documentation
Centres and abstracting and indexing services.
A referral centre might receive request by letters, by
personal visits and through mobile/telephone. All the
information provided is noted to maintain a record of
information provided.
33. CLEARING HOUSES
It is a central agency for collection, classification and
distribution of information.
It may include specialised information centres as well as
conventional libraries.
It represents a depository for documents with the additional
objective of serving as a central agency engaged in the
distribution of information.
It also collects and maintains records of research and
development.
Sometimes subjective questions in the record are referred to
source and clearing house may have to perform the function of
referral centre.
34. THE EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
INFORMATION CENTRE (ERIC)
ERIC also acts a resource centre and provides referral
service.
It is an online digital library of education research and
information.
ERIC is sponsored by the Institute of Educational Sciences
of the United States Department of Education.
The mission of ERIC is to provide a comprehensive, easy-
to-use, searchable Internet-based bibliographic and full-
text database of education research and information for
educators, researchers and general public.
35. ACTIVITIES OF SOME NOTABLE
REFERRAL CENTRES
1.National Referral Centre, Library of Congress-
It was opened in 1963 as National Referral Centre for
Science and Technology . This referral centre of reference
department works closely with another division i.e..
Science and Technology Division of the Library of
congress.
It is designed as a clearing house and provides
comprehensive coordinated access to the nation’s
resources of Science and Technical information.
36. NOTABLE REFERRAL CENTRES
Cont……
It maintains an exhaustive inventory of significant
information.
It has developed a very comprehensive “register of
Information sources ” of different kinds.
The centre maintains a file of over Twelve Thousand
experts and uses it to provide information to the users.
The sources contain details of names , addresses and
a brief description of information source.
37. NOTABLE REFERRAL CENTRES
Cont……
2. International Referral service of UNEP-
The United Nations Environmental Programme
(UNEP) has established International Referral Service,
for all sources of Environmental information.
In every country, a national group provides details
about the information through various local centres.
38. NOTABLE REFERRAL CENTRES
Cont……
3.The Science and Technology Referral Centre of Israel-
It provides information relating to information services available
to or from other information centres of Israel.
Collects and disseminates information from sources both in Israel
and abroad which are not available through commercial channels
or whose acquisition requires , national, international or
Governmental participation.
Publishes Directories and other reference materials which are of
national and interdisciplinary interest.
39. NOTABLE REFERRAL CENTRES
Cont……
4.INRES-
United Nations established UNDP (United Nations
Development Programme) to develop a better quality of
life through development programmes.
UNDP developed the Global Information Referral System
(INRES) which provide comprehensive and up-to-date
information or skills and capabilities available in
developing countries . These skills and capabilities can be
utilised for Technical Cooperation among Developing
Countries (TCDC).
40. NOTABLE REFERRAL CENTRES
Cont……
The INRES/TCDC has been engaged in creation of various
information sources to provide referral service .
It published Two directories of services of TCDC in 1977
and 1978.
INRES has also built up a database of new sources of
information about capabilities of different institutes from
various developing countries.
41. REFERRAL DATABASE
1.DARE- International Social Science Directory
First and the largest UNESCO Database.
Contains world wide reference to research and training
institutions, specialists , course projects , documentation
and information services in the field of Social Sciences.
2. CODATA Referral Database (CRD)
3.EDUPLAN – Educational Planning Institution
4.INISTE – Institutions specialised in education, in the area
of Science and Technology policies.
42. CONCLUSION
Data Centre handles “quantitative numerical
data” for Science and Technology . Data Banks are
multidisciplinary and handle all types of data
comprising administrative, statistical ,techno-
economic, etc. Referral Centre is “Directional
Source” which directs to a source of information.
It provides a mechanism for switching to
information sources. Referral centres collects
information sources and guides users to
appropriate sources.