Z39.50 :An Information Retrieval Protocol.
The development of online bibliographic databases and the rapid growth of online services accessible on the internet and world wide web (WWW) has made it possible to access information in ways not possible before. Libraries, whose primary mandate is to provide information, shifted the emphasis from collecting the information in hard copy to accessing information through electronic resources.
This PPT contain details of Z39.50 and useful for Library Science students. This protocol used for information retrieval and in the end list of different types of protocols are given.
Ontology and Ontology Libraries: a Critical StudyDebashisnaskar
The concept of digital library revolutionized its popularity with the development of networking technology. Digital library stores various kind of documents in digitized format that enables user smooth access to these documents at subsidized costs. In the recent past, a similar concept i.e., ontology library has gained popularity among the communities like semantic web, artificial intelligence, information science, philosophy, linguistics, and so forth.
This PPT contain details of Z39.50 and useful for Library Science students. This protocol used for information retrieval and in the end list of different types of protocols are given.
Ontology and Ontology Libraries: a Critical StudyDebashisnaskar
The concept of digital library revolutionized its popularity with the development of networking technology. Digital library stores various kind of documents in digitized format that enables user smooth access to these documents at subsidized costs. In the recent past, a similar concept i.e., ontology library has gained popularity among the communities like semantic web, artificial intelligence, information science, philosophy, linguistics, and so forth.
Paper 5 Information Sources and Services of BLIS KSOU 2015 Solved QP
Subscribe to Vision Academy YouTube Channel
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Library automation refers to the implementation of information and communications technologies (ICT) in the libraries and information centres for replacing manual library operations. The term automation is used for any process which is done through input and output operation. Library automation system includes maintenance of large bibliographical database. The status of library automation depends on Interaction between human and computer to accomplish various tasks of the library automation systems. In order to provide and also to enable the records in the database. The international standards for bibliographic description of library automation system uses sophisticated software tools and standard to index search and display information from the database created.
A presentation on Digital Library Software by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India.
A presentation on select international digital library initiatives by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
Distributed Catalogue Code and Standards.pdfPravatKhadka
Distributed Cataloguing:
Computerized cataloguing provides a unique advantage of loading and merging of bibliographic and authority records from external databases. This feature of an automated system leads to a reduction in cataloguing effort and a consequent saving in the unit cost of cataloguing. This mode of shared cataloguing is popularly termed as copy cataloguing and implemented in libraries thorough:
Merging of existing machine readable form of cataloguing data with the catalogue database
Relevant and appropriate recordsfrom external databases (union catalogues or commercially available catalogue datasets) in magnetic or optical media may be added to the catalogue database, after modification to match local requirements (e.g. indication of added entries, references) and the addition of local data (e.g. call number, accession number, location).
Downloading of bibliographical data of relevant records from any Z39.50 server (version 2 or version3) including but not limited to OCLC, RLG, and Library of Congress etc. This facility is achieved through the incorporation of Z39.50 copy cataloguing client in the catalogue module of the package.
Paper 5 Information Sources and Services of BLIS KSOU 2015 Solved QP
Subscribe to Vision Academy YouTube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
Library automation refers to the implementation of information and communications technologies (ICT) in the libraries and information centres for replacing manual library operations. The term automation is used for any process which is done through input and output operation. Library automation system includes maintenance of large bibliographical database. The status of library automation depends on Interaction between human and computer to accomplish various tasks of the library automation systems. In order to provide and also to enable the records in the database. The international standards for bibliographic description of library automation system uses sophisticated software tools and standard to index search and display information from the database created.
A presentation on Digital Library Software by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India.
A presentation on select international digital library initiatives by Rupesh Kumar A, Assistant Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Library and Information Science, Tumkur University, Karnataka, India.
Distributed Catalogue Code and Standards.pdfPravatKhadka
Distributed Cataloguing:
Computerized cataloguing provides a unique advantage of loading and merging of bibliographic and authority records from external databases. This feature of an automated system leads to a reduction in cataloguing effort and a consequent saving in the unit cost of cataloguing. This mode of shared cataloguing is popularly termed as copy cataloguing and implemented in libraries thorough:
Merging of existing machine readable form of cataloguing data with the catalogue database
Relevant and appropriate recordsfrom external databases (union catalogues or commercially available catalogue datasets) in magnetic or optical media may be added to the catalogue database, after modification to match local requirements (e.g. indication of added entries, references) and the addition of local data (e.g. call number, accession number, location).
Downloading of bibliographical data of relevant records from any Z39.50 server (version 2 or version3) including but not limited to OCLC, RLG, and Library of Congress etc. This facility is achieved through the incorporation of Z39.50 copy cataloguing client in the catalogue module of the package.
A Deep Dive in the World of IT Networking (Part 2)Tuan Yang
For a successful career in Information Technology, a strong foundation of basic networking concepts is a must. Networking technology allows for the exchange of data between large and small information systems used primarily by various businesses.
Learn more about:
» OSI Model
» Networking Protocol
» TCP Model
» Networking and data security
Safex provides Third-party server hardware support services that are beyond the limits of the OEM maintenance solutions with Post-warranty support, Extended warranty support, End of life support, End of service life support to extend the life of your server equipment with 30-70% of cost-saving. Safex server maintenance service covers onsite and remote monitoring and maintenance for both x86 and UNIX servers from all Industry-leading OEMs. We install, upgrade, troubleshoot, maintain, migrate and monitor your datacentre server with effective server support service contracts. We monitor your server hardware and software 24/7, audit, secure, and provide preventive maintenance for your server to ensure your server run continuously.
This presentation is about:
Uses of Networking.
Various types of networking.
Applications used for networking.
Methods of network security.
Methods of communication -2G,3G,4G,Fiber Optics
Transmission Media.
Various types of protocols.
Cloud Computing
Protection against Viruses.
Deploying and utilizing statewide private cloud lessons learnedCurtis A. Carver Jr.
Transforming the data center to a virtualized and private cloud environment is one of the biggest trends in IT today. However, while the move to cloud-based data addresses some security concerns, it is also causing an architecture evolution in which new security risks are emerging. We’ll look at the move to virtualize data centers, with an eye to identifying and addressing the new types of security concerns that come with this trend.
Bibliographical information plays an important role information retrieval for the research community particularly in the field of science and technology. But during the bibliographical information exchange certain problems arise and more when the information interchange is on magnetic tape or CD-ROM. Different international organisations such as UNESCO/PGI, UNISIST, ICSU, IFLA, ISO have taken many steps towards the standardisation of bibliographic exchange formats. The process of standardisation follows a set of codes given by International Standard Organisation (ISO).
Many commercial online search systems permit the formation complex expressions by using Boolean logic to combine retrieval sets, Boolean logic is algebra of sets. In online information retrieval, Boolean logic is applied to sets of posting. Boolean logic (named after George Boole, a 19th century mathematician) defines logical relationships between terms in a search.
All types of libraries /information centres are organized to provide some basic services which are rendered either in anticipation or on demand from the users. The information services provided in anticipation are termed as alerting services as this alert the users about the new information of their interest. Broadly speaking the same is also termed as current awareness service . The primary aim of any library is to provide timely and quality services to its users
Hardware and Software requirements for Internet 2.pptxRbalasubramani
The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite to link devices worldwide. The purpose of the internet is to communicate between computers that are interconnected with each other. Internet is accessible to every user all over the world.
Evaluation of Library Automation software ppt.pptxRbalasubramani
The selection of a good and perfect software package is not an easy job. A package which does not perform as expected or which requires expensive modifications will shake its creditability to the librarians to purchase them. A change of finding a right package could be improved by setting up an evaluation process based on common sense.
The prime objective of any library is to meet the information requirements of its clients most effectively. To meet this objective, the library builds the collection in a planned manner and offers a variety of information services to inform the users what is available and whatever latest has been published in their areas of interest. All these services generate requests from the users for the original documents. The service that supplies the required document to the user on demand is known as Document Delivery Service.
Management of Library Automation
Library Automation refers to the use of computers to serve the needs of library users. The operations of a library get a quantum jump with the introductions of computers. The computers help to provide fast and reliable access to the resources available in the library as well as elsewhere. The application of computers in the library operations avoids repetitive jobs and saves lot of labour, time, speeds up operations, increases use of library resources. Computers are not only used as a tool for processing the data, but also for data storage and accessing. Planning for an automated system, no matter how big or small, should be part of an overall long-range plan for the library. Automation should always be used as a means to achieve overall better patron service.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
Today, more and more libraries are adopting RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technologies as it streamlines workflow in the area of self service, book returns, shelf management and inventory.
SOUL: LIBRARY AUTOMATION SOFTWARE
Software is defined as a set of related computer programs (stored set of instructions) that governs the operation of computer system and makes the hardware run. The software for a computer system may be classified as system software (e.g. Operating System) and application software. System software is responsible for the overall management of the computer resources whereas application software is designed to perform certain tasks and thereby make computers able to perform different predefined jobs. Library automation software, as application software, performs day-to-day library activities through human interventions. Library automation packages are developed in view of the two most essential activities of any library – housekeeping and information retrieval.
Automating the library is a fruitful solution for avoiding majority of problems. But is also identified , that most of our libraries, especially school and public libraries, run their services with a very small budgetary/financial support. Such libraries may find it difficult to take initiative for automating the system. In such situations, chossing open source software is the best solution.
Library automation refers to the implementation of information and communications technologies (ICT) in the libraries and information centres for replacing manual library operations. The term automation is used for any process which is done through input and output operation. Library automation system includes maintenance of large bibliographical database. The status of library automation depends on Interaction between human and computer to accomplish various tasks of the library automation systems. In order to provide and also to enable the records in the database. The international standards for bibliographic description of library automation system uses sophisticated software tools and standard to index search and display information from the database created.
The word 'Bibliography' originates from two Greek words, viz., 'Biblion' which means 'Book' and 'graphien' which means 'to write'. The original meaning of 'bibliography' was 'writing of books', Nowadays bibliography means listing of book/documents irrespective of the fact that whether they are available in a library or not.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. Introduction
The development of online bibliographic databases and the rapid
growth of online services accessible on the internet and world
wide web (WWW) has made it possible to access information in
ways not possible before. Libraries, whose primary mandate is to
provide information, shifted the emphasis from collecting the
information in hard copy to accessing information through
electronic resources.
3. Contd..
However, the major problem is of variation in software and
hardware. Library professionals have to learn the specific features
of each system, i.e., command languages, search procedures, etc.
More the electronic resources grow; more will be the confusion
on how to access the information of so many diverse databases.
Another problem is the ability of many diverse database
structures and different application designs to exchange
information electronically.
ANSI/NISO, Z39.50 standard was developed to share the
bibliographical information electronically and to overcome the
problems of database searching with many search languages.
4. A standard presents an agreement on how to
do something or carry out some activity to
arrive at predictable results. All standards
published by the National Information
Standards Organization (NISO) are developed
by a consensus process that draws on the
expertise of implementors and vendors,
product developers , and users of those
products they are approved by the American
National Standards Institute.
What is a
Standard?
5. Why standards
are necessary
?
Standards are necessary for
networking and for information
exchange. Eg. MARC and
Z39.50 allow searching, retrieval
and exchange of records across
platforms and its Unicode allows
encoding, searching and retrieval
of information in different
scripts.
6. Library Automation Standards:
Standards adopted by the library industry and community which
facilitate data interchange between libraries and institutions and
are supported by most systems are MARC (Machine Readable
Cataloguing) standards and Z39.50, the information search and
retrieving protocol standard
7. WHAT IS Z39.50 Protocol?
Z39.50 is an international standard client–server, application
layer communications protocol for searching and retrieving
information from a database over a TCP/IP computer network. It
is covered by ANSI/NISO standard Z39.50, and ISO standard
Z39.50. The standard's maintenance agency is the Library of
Congress.
Z39.50 is widely used in library environments, often incorporated
into integrated library system and personal bibliographic
reference software. Interlibrary catalogue searches for interlibrary
loan are often implemented with Z39.50 queries.
8. Contd..
Z39.50 is an international standard protocol used by net- worked computer systems
for information retrieval.
It enables information seekers to search different systems on a network or the
Internet through the use of a single user interface.
Software and system vendors offer access to information from a diversity of unique
systems with different hardware, software, interfaces, and data-base search
commands.
The goal of Z39.50 is to reduce the complexity and difficulties of searching and
retrieving information.
Z39.50 makes it easier to use the wealth of information re- sources on the Internet.
When using Z39.50-enabled systems, a user in one system can search for electronic
information in another system without having to know how that system works .
9. History
The name Z39.50 comes from the fact that the National Information
Standards Organisation (NISO), a standard developer for American
National Standards Institute(ANSI) was once the Z39 committee of
ANSI.
NISO standards are numbered sequentially and Z39.50 is the fifth
standard developed by NISO.
NISO approved the original Z39.50 standard in 1988 . It was developed
as an application layer of the OSI(Open System Interconnection)
communication model.
Z39.50-1988 is now out-dated and incompatible with later Z39.50
versions. It formed the basis of the wide area information server
(WAIS) protocol.
10. Contd..
Z39.50 has progressed through three versions, with each version adding vastly greater
functionality and sophistication.
Version 1 defined the core services of Z39.50.
Version 2 formalized the structure of information to be exchanged based on the ISO
standard data description language and encoding rules known as ASN.1 and BER. With
consensus on Z39.50 version 2, vendors began to create applications rapidly and
momentum grew for compliance with Z39.50 functionality.
Version 3, the current version of the standard, builds on and includes version 2. Version
3 is extremely powerful in its support for simple to highly complex applications.
The current version of the Z39.50 standard is formally known as ANSI/ NISO Z39.50-
1995, Information Retrieval—Application service definition and protocol specification.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) approved two information
retrieval standards in 1993 (ISO 10162 and ISO 10163-1). In 1998, ISO adopted the
Z39.50 protocols and issued ISO 23950.
11. How does Z39.50 work?
Z39.50 operates in a client/ server
environment, acting as a common
language that all Z39.50-ewnabled
systems can understand.
Most Z39.50 implementations use the standard
TCP/IP Internet communications protocol to
connect the systems and Z39.50-compliant
software to translate between them for search and
retrieval.
For Z39.50 communication and
interoperation to take place, both the
client and the server must be able to
speak the Z39.50 language.
To the users this all happens behind the scenes;
they simply see their familiar search and display
inter face.
12. Contd..
To achieve this interoperability,
Z39.50 standardizes the messages
that clients and servers use for
communication, regard- less of
what underlying soft- ware,
systems, or platform are used.
Z39.50 supports open
systems, which means it
is non- proprietary, or
vendor independent.
Z39.50 governs how the
client translates the search
into a standard format for
sending to the server
After receiving the search, the server uses
Z39.50 rules to translate the search into a
format recognized by the local database,
performs the search, and returns the results
to the user’s client.
The client’s user interface software
processes the results returned via
Z39.50 with the goal of displaying
them as closely as possible to the
way records are displayed in the
user’s local system.
13. Solutions of
Z39.50
Originally Z39.50 was designed to help with searching
very large bibliographic data- bases like those of OCLC
and the Library of Congress.
Z39.50 is used for a wide range of library functions that
involve database searching, from cataloguing to
interlibrary loan to reference.
With the rapid growth of the Internet, the Z39.50
standard has become widely accepted as a solution to
the challenge of retrieving multimedia information
including text, images, and digitized documents.
Z39.50 is being used to access, for example, museum
data, government information, and geospatial data.
It can also be used to search the online databases and
CD-ROMs that vendors develop according to a variety
of design schemes. With- out having to learn each
system, users can search those databases with a single
Z39.50 client, even though each uses a different
hardware and software configuration, stores different
types of data, and has different internal search logic.
14. Benefits
Seamless access: This seamless access to multiple,
diverse databases through a single interface is Z39.50’s
greatest benefit.
Resource sharing:Z39.50 can encourage
rebroadcast searching of library catalogues located on
the Internet anywhere in the world,
interlibrary loan through Z39.50’s standardized
approach for delivering holdings information, and
online item ordering and document delivery.
Increased Productivity
Staff training time can be reduced for functions that
require database searching, such as cataloguing,
acquisitions, and interlibrary loan.
Easier access to electronic resources reduces all users’
time spent in searching for relevant information.
15. The basic function of Z39.50 is to negotiate a connection be-
tween the client and server on two systems, execute a search, and
return the formatted results to the user’s screen.
In a Z39.50 session, the Z39.50 client soft- ware that initiates a
request for the user is known as the Origin.
The Z39.50 server software system that responds to the Origin’s
request is called the Target
Key features of Z39.50
16. Facilities and services
Z39.50 is divided into eleven basic facilities. Each facilities. Each facility is
divided into one or more service. A service facilitates a particular type of
operation between the client and the server out of eleven facilities, three are
core facilities and they are
Initialisation,
Search and
Retrieval.
17. Initialisation
The Initialization Facility allows the Origin
(client) and Target (server) to negotiate and
establish a Z39.50 search session, known as a
Z-Association. This facility establishes the rules
by which the client and server will operate.
Establishing the rules involves sharing
information about the version of the protocol
being used by client and server, default
character set, size and limits on records to be
transferred, and other Z39.50 features, e.g.,
sorting, browsing, and deleting result sets.
18. Search Facility
Allows the user to formulate a search query
using an interface format familiar to the user.
Z39.50 provides a rich vocabulary for ex-
pressing search queries. The user may identify
specific fields to search (i.e., access points)
and may create complex searches using
Boolean operators, truncation, and other
advanced searching techniques. Z39.50 also
supports the main- taining of multiple search
results and combining the results of those
searches.
19. Present Facility
Allows the user to request that some or
all of the records identified as meeting
the search criteria be transmitted from
the server to the client. This facility also
sup- ports selection of data elements to
include and format for transferring the
records.
20. Other Z39.50 Facility protocols exist to
support such features as
Sort the results as specified by the user.
Delete search results, either entirely or for specified re- cords.
Scan (browse) through index lists of items such as subject terms,
titles, author names, and other database fields.
Access Control through authentication and passwords.
Resource Control and termination of Z39.50 search sessions by
the client or server.
21. Contd..
Two newer facilities, not readily available yet in
many implementations are
Explain
Which allows the client to exchange information
with the server about what type of server the client
is querying and what the client must do to
communicate successfully with that server in a
Z39.50 session, and
Extended Services
Which define operations the client may request of
the server, such as saving a search for later re-use
or running a search query on a periodic schedule.
22. Advantages of Z39.50
Any database that is Z39.50 enabled may be searched by using a single
search interface a single set of search commands and search strategies.
Allows intersystem searching and record transfer irrespective of different
software and hardware.
Multi-database searching using single search interface.
Virtual union catalogue--a combined catalogue of several libraries on
diverse systems (without merging the catalogues) is possible. Z39.50
clients will permit searching of members' collections with a single
interface.
Interlibrary loans (ILL) process will be made easier. Extended services for
ordering documents, updating databases and sorting searches can be
defined and controlled via Z39.50.
Records can be displayed in any flavour of MARC. In addition, work is
going on to use generic set of data element called Dublin , Core to use as
attribute set and record syntax.
CD-ROM databases from various vendors could be searched with a single
interface. The time and expense of training users on multiple interfaces
could be reduced.
The SDI or selective dissemination of information service could be set to
run a saved search in the catalogues of many different libraries regularly
and automatically with results being sent to the user by fax or e-mail
23. DISADVANTAGES OF Z39.50
Very complex.
Levels of services supported within and between the particular implementation depend on Z-client-server
and host library management system.
The differences between the facilities on 2-client and 2-server lead to poor output.
Multi-database searching leads to slow response time and information overload.
Any database that is Z39.50-enabled may be searched by using a single search
Multi-database search interface.
24. Conclusion
The Z39.50 protocol not only rescues a librarian
from learning different search interfaces for
different databases, it also helps the librarian to
improve resource sharing among libraries by
virtual union catalogue and ILL. Z39.50 also
allows users to specify search statement to be
saved and run at intervals. This greatly helps the
librarian in providing the SDI service.