This document provides guidance on citation and referencing for academic honesty. It explains that any time you borrow words or ideas from another source, whether through direct quotes, paraphrasing, or summarizing, you need to cite the original work. It describes different citation styles like MLA, APA, and Chicago and how to format in-text citations, references, and bibliographies. Examples are given for citing different types of sources like books, articles, websites, and more. The document aims to teach students how and when to properly cite sources.

1. Citation & Referencing
@
ACADEMIC HONESTY
Sept. 13, 2018
Zakir Hossain
Teacher-Librarian
www.theresearchtl.net

2. ●
WHEN DO I NEED TO CITE?
• Whenever you borrow words or ideas:
• whenever you use quote
• whenever you paraphrase
• whenever you summarize
• whenever you make specific reference to the
work of another
• whenever someone else's work has been
critical in developing your own ideas.

3. Citation…Exceptions!
 Certain well-known facts do not need to
be cited.
◦ Ex: Walt Disney founded the Disney
company and created one of the most well-
known cartoon characters of all time, Mickey
Mouse. (NOT PLAGIARISM)
◦ Ex: Raised on a farm near Marceline,
Missouri, Walt became interested in drawing
at an early age, selling his first sketches to
neighbors when he was only seven years old.
(PLAGIARISM—IF NOT CITED)
◦ Note: When in doubt, cite!

4. Citation Styles
MLA
APA
Chicago
Harvard and more…

7.  In-text or Parenthetical citations
Ex- (Carol 19)
 Reference
Ex- Carol, Gilligan. In a Different
Voice. Harvard, 1982.(MLA)
 Bibliography/ References/ Works Cited
Ex- alphabetical arrangement of
references
Different parts….

8. In-text citation & Reference

9. In-Text Citations – Page No. Only
• If you have already mentioned the author’s
name (signal phrase), put a page number
only.
Keeling states that struggle for identity is common during
(125).

10. In-Text Citations – No author/ Title & Page
No.
*Add the full title if it is short. If it is a long title, you only
use the first one or two words.

11. In-Text Citation – Organization as Author
Often, an organization serves as the
author:
UNESCO states that students bring insider
knowledge of youth culture and a passion
for and investment in its texts and practices
(5).
OR
Students bring insider knowledge of youth
culture (“UNESCO” 5).

12. Other forms of In-Text
Citations
1. Two authors:
(Johnson and Rodriguez 221)
2. Three or more authors:
(Johnson et al. 75)  “et al.” means “and others”
3. A work with no page numbers (like a webpage):
(Johnson) or (UNESCO)

13. Referencing
A Book with One Author
For example:
(sample)
Last, First. Book Title. Publisher, Year.
(example)
Gilligan, Carol. In a Different Voice. Harvard,
1982.
*Underline or italic
If two authors then add and First Last

14. An Article from an journal/magazine/newspaper
(sample)
Last, First. “Article Title.” Name of …. Volume: Issue
Number Date of publication: page numbers. Name of
database. Vendor. Date Visited<site address of
database>.
(example-Online)
Khan, John. “The Chinese Theatre.” Journal of
Drama Studies June 2003: 145-68. Proquest.
Gale Learning. 2 May 2011 <www.aclibrary.org>.

15. An Internet Site
(sample)
Last, First. “Title of page.” Title of home page. Date
written or posted (day month, year). Date visited <site
address of title page>.
(example)
Smith, Mary. “Science in America.” United States
Science. 3 May 2010. Access on 12 Nov 2015
<http://spaceflight.usa.gov/spacenews.html>.

16. How to integrate a quote?
To integrate a quote correctly you should:
 Use a signal phrase such as “According to Smith
…”/ “Smith reports that …”
 Include quotation marks i.e. “…………….”
 Cite and reference it.
© The University of Auckland

17. Citing a direct quotation
When directly quoting a source, place
the in-text citation (parenthetical
citation) after the quote.
Example:
Sanders explains that economic woes
are due to “the mortgage crisis and
poor risk assessment (20).”

18. Citing a long quote
The use of nuclear weapons in today’s society
is strikingly alarming. Though the United States
is the only country to employ it in the past, they
are at the same time the country that condemns
its use the most. While this may seem
hypocritical, is it the most proper action for the
United States to make as the global leader (19).
*indented a longer quote
Scientists have warned that the use of nuclear weapons pose the
single biggest threat to the Earth's peace and environment. According to
Taparia,

19. Shortening a long quote
The use of nuclear weapons in today’s society
is strikingly alarming. Though the United
States is the . . . the most proper action for
the United States to make as the global leader
(19).
*using ellipses to short a longer quote
Scientists have warned that the use of nuclear weapons pose the
single biggest threat to the Earth's peace and environment.
According to Taparia,

20. • Ideally, no more than 20 percent of
your paper should be direct quotations..
• Paraphrase as much as you can..
• Use direct quotations when citing a
statistic or original theory..
• Use author's words if they capture a
point exactly.. [according to…; …. Stated that …;
… claimed that…], NOTE: Never use “says”
YOU SHOULD KNOW ……

21. Citation builder
 Citation Builder
 BibMe
 OSLIS
 EasyBib

22. Now for some practice!

23. Let’s Kahoot our learning!
Browse https://kahoot.it
Enter your game pin…
Link
https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/539584c6-ff5c-
47a9-a623-96a1e5d5c05c

24. Question/ Comments?
zhossain@icsz.ch
ICS Libguide https://icsz.libguides.com/icszlibrary/home

25. Cited works
 “Plagiarism and Citation Basic”. Aceess on 2 Nov
2015
http://www.slideshare.net/caitlingillmett/plagiarism-
and-citation-basics
 “Trinity College Library”. MLA Citation. Access on
11 Oct 2015
http://www.slideshare.net/caitlingillmett/plagiarism-
and-citation-basics