This document provides an overview and review of plagiarism and in-text citations. It defines plagiarism and outlines the three steps to avoid it: taking bulleted notes, paraphrasing notes, and citing sources. The document clarifies the difference between a bibliography and in-text citations. It provides examples of what in-text citations look like for different source material, such as books, articles, and websites. Frequently asked questions are answered regarding citing sources without page numbers, citing multiple pages from the same source, and citing sources with the same author name or first word. Students are given sentences to correct regarding proper citation format and asked true/false questions.

1. U. S. HISTORY:
SPRING 2015
Plagiarism and In-text Citations Review
Day 1

2. VIDEOS

3. QUICK REVIEW OF PLAGIARISM:
Definition:
Plagiarism is using someone else’s words or ideas as your
own without giving credit to that person.
3 Steps to Avoid Plagiarism:
 Step 1 - Take good bulleted notes in your own words; no
complete sentences.
 Step 2 – Paraphrase your notes. Since your notes are in
your own words, you are putting your notes back into
complete sentences. This step is easy once you have
notes in your own words.
 Step 3 – Cite your sources.

4. JUST TO CLARIFY:
Step 3: Citing Sources:
There are two ways to cite your sources:
 Bibliography or Works Cited - at the end of
your project. This is always required!
 In-text citations - within the text of your
paper. You would add this feature when you
write a paper.

5. WHAT IS AN IN-TEXT CITATION?
An in-text citation is a reference within the body of your
paper to one of the sources listed in your Works Cited list.
It indicates to your reader exactly what part of your paper
came from the source and where they can find it in the
original source.
You need to write an in-text citation, whether you quote the
material directly from the source, paraphrase it in your own
words, or refer to an idea derived from the source.
**Any material that is copied directly (quoted) must have
BOTH quotation marks AND an in-text citation immediately
following.

6. IN-TEXT CITATIONS
 Using In-text Citations means citing sources within the body of your paper.
 The purpose of an In-text Citation is to indicate specifically which
information came from which source.
 Each In-text citation should refer clearly to one of the items in the Works
Cited list at the end of your paper.
 In the Middle School, we ask that you have at least one in-text citation per
paragraph.
 BUT you MUST have an in-text citation after EACH direct quote.
 You will call your list of sources “Works Cited” instead of “Bibliography.”

7. FAQS:
What do in-text citations look like?
Example for a BOOK or EBOOK:
Banks failed, businesses closed, and, at the height of the depression in 1933,
one-fourth of Americans were without jobs (Press 17).
What does the in-text citation above mean?
It means that the sentence before it is a paraphrase of information
found on page 17 of this source listed in the Works Cited:
Press, Petra. Through the Decades: The 1930s. San Diego: Lucent Books, 1999.
Print.

8. FAQS:
What if I use a quote instead of paraphrasing?
Then a BOOK or EBOOK citation would look like this:
“NO JOBS in California. If YOU are looking for work – KEEP OUT. 6 Men
for every job. No state relief available for non-residents” (Cooper 8).

9. MORE FAQS:
What if the source doesn’t have page numbers?
Then it would look like this if it is a PARAPHRASE:
Conditions began to improve in the mid-30s, but total recovery was not
accomplished until the end of the decade (Romer).
But like this if it is a DIRECT QUOTE:
“Conditions began to improve in the mid-30s, but total recovery was not
accomplished until the end of the decade” (Romer par. 3).
And match this source in your Works Cited:
Romer, Christina D. “Great Depression.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online.
2011ed. Web. 14 Feb. 2011.

10. EVEN MORE FAQS:
What if I use information from 2 or more pages in the same
source?
Then your paragraph might look like this:
Years of excessive heat, a shortage of rain, and over-farming caused the Dust
Bowl disaster (Cooper 12). The people of the mid-West had to suffer both an
economic depression and dust, which they could not escape (Cooper 23). Many
refugees from the prairie states headed to California to try to earn a living, but
California did not want them. A billboard near Tulsa, Oklahoma warned: “NO
JOBS in California. If YOU are looking for work – KEEP OUT. 6 Men for every
job. No state relief available for non-residents” (Cooper 8).

11. STILL MORE FAQS:
 What if two of the sources in my Works Cited have the same “first word” or
author name? Like this?
Works Cited
"Constitution." U*X*L Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and
Rebecca Valentine. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Sarah Hermsen. Vol. 2. Detroit: UXL,
2009. 381-385. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 18 Oct. 2011.
"Constitution." Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. , 2014. Web.
19 Oct. 2011.
Then your in-text citations would look like this:
(Constitution, UXL 382)
(Constitution, Britannica par. 2)

12. I. Read the following sentences and make corrections:
1. “There is more to life than increasing its speed” said Mahatma Gandhi (Price 147).
2. Oliver Wendell Holmes once said, “To do right is to be faithful to the light within” (Price 154).
3. Without even knowing it, Alexander Fleming grew mold, which then led him to discover
penicillin (Smith 45).
4. Ralph Waldo Emerson once stated, “Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm”
(Learning par. 3).
5. Through countless efforts of flying a kite and using a key, Benjamin Franklin discovered one
of our most prized possessions today (Electricity).
II. True or False?
1. If I use a direct quote and follow it with an in-text citation, I still need to use quotation
marks. T
2. I should always paraphrase complicated scientific definitions in a research paper, even if it
changes the meaning of the definition. F
3. Complicated definitions should be quoted exactly as written in the source material but I do
not need to use quotation marks if I include an in-text citation because everyone knows they
are official definitions. F
Answers page 1

13. 1. Create an in-text citation for the following paraphrase of Ms. Vito’s website article.
Taking bulleted notes is the second step in the 3 Steps to Avoid Plagiarism system used in the George Woodruff
Library (Vito).
2. Create an in-text citation for the following quotation found on American History Online.
“I didn’t mean to plagiarize that book “(What par. 3).
3. Create an in-text citation for the following quotation of material written by Terri Kaplan and found on page iv of the
preface.
“I would like to thank all my students for giving me the wonderful examples I use in this book “ (Kaplan, Terri iv).
4. Create an in-text citation for the following paraphrase of material written by Zed Kaplan and found on page 346 of
the World Book.
The best way to get good grades in college is to go to class (Kaplan, Zed 346).
5. Create an in-text citation for the following paraphrase and quotation found in Britannica Online.
Doris Kearns Goodheavens stated “my plagiarism was the result of sloppy note taking” (Doris, Britannica par. 10).
6. Create an in-text citation of the quotation and paraphrase from the article about Doris Kearns Goodwin found in
Biography In Context.
“I will definitely use Tara Vito’s bulleted notes method,” said Doris Kearns Goodwin, when asked about she planned to
avoid plagiarism in the future (Doris, Complete par. 1).
Answers page 2