Paper - Landscape Change Over 60 Years Surrounding Cedarburg BogJason Schroeder
This article describes my project to classify historical land use of the Cedarburg Bog. I worked on this as a student at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
This document summarizes a research project that aims to understand how weather variability and extreme events influence nutrient fluxes and greenhouse gas emissions in ex-urban forests. The approach involves in situ measurements across topographic gradients, experiments simulating extreme water pulses, and automated measurements of multiple soil greenhouse gases. Preliminary findings show that soil is the dominant source of CO2 emissions while consuming CH4, and an experiment found location and greenhouse gas type strongly influenced emissions in response to water pulses. Ongoing work includes continued automated measurements to analyze effects of weather variability on forest ecosystem processes.
Influence of Climatic Factors on the Δ13c Values of the C3, C4 And CAM Dicot ...QUESTJOURNAL
The document analyzes how climatic factors influence the δ13C values of C3, C4, and CAM plant species from the Centrospermeae family along an altitudinal gradient in western Kenya. Climatic data including temperature, rainfall, humidity, and radiation were measured at sites from 500 to 4000 meters above sea level. δ13C values were measured for plant species at each site and showed trends corresponding to altitude. Species at lower altitudes had δ13C values ranging from -10.6‰ to -16.65‰, while species at intermediate and high altitudes had more negative δ13C values, indicating more prevalence of C3 photosynthesis at higher elevations with cooler temperatures and
This document presents a proposal for a project to mitigate climate change through increasing carbon sequestration in rangelands in Nepal. The project aims to scientifically manage rangelands through practices like rotational grazing, fertilizing, and brush management. This will increase vegetation growth and soil carbon levels, making the rangelands a carbon sink. The project will measure initial carbon levels, implement management practices, and measure final carbon levels to quantify the additional carbon sequestered. The expected outcomes are climate change mitigation, increased rangeland and livestock productivity, and improved livelihoods for rural communities.
The document discusses the effect of large wildfires on aspen recruitment. It analyzes two large fires in Utah - the 2000 Oldroyd Fire which burned 1329 acres and the 1996 Pole Creek Fire which burned 7113 acres. For the Pole Creek Fire, the document finds that 71% of potential aspen recruitment areas showed successful aspen recruitment in 2011, indicating a correlation between larger fire size and higher rates of aspen regeneration. The author concludes that large disturbances can overwhelm herbivory and allow aspen stems to successfully recruit when repeated over multiple years.
Climate models are tools used in climate research that range in complexity from simple zero-dimensional energy balance models to complex three-dimensional general circulation models. They work by solving equations that conserve mass, momentum, energy and other quantities in grid boxes. Climate models are evaluated by comparing their results to observations. They are used for applications such as detecting and attributing causes of climate change, making projections of future climate change, and studying past climates.
Tropical forests in a changing world: Investigating global change impacts in ...Christine O'Connell
The document summarizes a presentation on the impacts of land use change and climate change on tropical forests in Amazonia and Puerto Rico. In Amazonia, the presentation examines how agricultural expansion and intensification impact carbon storage, energy balance, and habitat. It finds that the location of future agricultural expansion will largely determine impacts on ecosystem services. In Puerto Rico, it analyzes the effects of a severe drought on soil biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas emissions, finding complex impacts varying by topography. The presentation concludes that land use change likely has larger biogeochemical effects than agricultural intensification, and climate impacts on tropical forests will involve nutrient cycle feedbacks.
Paper - Landscape Change Over 60 Years Surrounding Cedarburg BogJason Schroeder
This article describes my project to classify historical land use of the Cedarburg Bog. I worked on this as a student at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
This document summarizes a research project that aims to understand how weather variability and extreme events influence nutrient fluxes and greenhouse gas emissions in ex-urban forests. The approach involves in situ measurements across topographic gradients, experiments simulating extreme water pulses, and automated measurements of multiple soil greenhouse gases. Preliminary findings show that soil is the dominant source of CO2 emissions while consuming CH4, and an experiment found location and greenhouse gas type strongly influenced emissions in response to water pulses. Ongoing work includes continued automated measurements to analyze effects of weather variability on forest ecosystem processes.
Influence of Climatic Factors on the Δ13c Values of the C3, C4 And CAM Dicot ...QUESTJOURNAL
The document analyzes how climatic factors influence the δ13C values of C3, C4, and CAM plant species from the Centrospermeae family along an altitudinal gradient in western Kenya. Climatic data including temperature, rainfall, humidity, and radiation were measured at sites from 500 to 4000 meters above sea level. δ13C values were measured for plant species at each site and showed trends corresponding to altitude. Species at lower altitudes had δ13C values ranging from -10.6‰ to -16.65‰, while species at intermediate and high altitudes had more negative δ13C values, indicating more prevalence of C3 photosynthesis at higher elevations with cooler temperatures and
This document presents a proposal for a project to mitigate climate change through increasing carbon sequestration in rangelands in Nepal. The project aims to scientifically manage rangelands through practices like rotational grazing, fertilizing, and brush management. This will increase vegetation growth and soil carbon levels, making the rangelands a carbon sink. The project will measure initial carbon levels, implement management practices, and measure final carbon levels to quantify the additional carbon sequestered. The expected outcomes are climate change mitigation, increased rangeland and livestock productivity, and improved livelihoods for rural communities.
The document discusses the effect of large wildfires on aspen recruitment. It analyzes two large fires in Utah - the 2000 Oldroyd Fire which burned 1329 acres and the 1996 Pole Creek Fire which burned 7113 acres. For the Pole Creek Fire, the document finds that 71% of potential aspen recruitment areas showed successful aspen recruitment in 2011, indicating a correlation between larger fire size and higher rates of aspen regeneration. The author concludes that large disturbances can overwhelm herbivory and allow aspen stems to successfully recruit when repeated over multiple years.
Climate models are tools used in climate research that range in complexity from simple zero-dimensional energy balance models to complex three-dimensional general circulation models. They work by solving equations that conserve mass, momentum, energy and other quantities in grid boxes. Climate models are evaluated by comparing their results to observations. They are used for applications such as detecting and attributing causes of climate change, making projections of future climate change, and studying past climates.
Tropical forests in a changing world: Investigating global change impacts in ...Christine O'Connell
The document summarizes a presentation on the impacts of land use change and climate change on tropical forests in Amazonia and Puerto Rico. In Amazonia, the presentation examines how agricultural expansion and intensification impact carbon storage, energy balance, and habitat. It finds that the location of future agricultural expansion will largely determine impacts on ecosystem services. In Puerto Rico, it analyzes the effects of a severe drought on soil biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas emissions, finding complex impacts varying by topography. The presentation concludes that land use change likely has larger biogeochemical effects than agricultural intensification, and climate impacts on tropical forests will involve nutrient cycle feedbacks.
Impact of prospective climate changes on future distribution of eco-climate b...Alexander Mkrtchian
Three major ecoclimate belts has been distinguished in Ukrainian Carpathians and their spatial distribution has been compared with the distribution of the bioclimatic variables for 1960-1990 period. Statistical modeling allowed to determine the degree and the form of relationships between the former and the latter. The derived statistical model has been then used to predict the future distribution of ecoclimate belts, accounting for the uncertainty present in the models.
This document summarizes a study on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and forest ecosystems in the Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape of Nepal. The study found that temperature is expected to increase 3-5 degrees Celsius by 2100, and precipitation will become more erratic. Using climate modeling, the study predicted that by 2050 subtropical and lowland forests will become fragmented and degraded, threatening specialist species. However, temperate and alpine forests may remain intact, acting as refugia. The document recommends conserving forest corridors and microrefugia to aid species migration under climate change.
This document discusses addressing forest canopy decoupling on a global scale. It provides background on decoupling, which occurs when there is insufficient mixing of air masses above and below the forest canopy. This can bias carbon flux measurements made above the canopy. The document outlines a global decoupling synthesis study involving over 30 forest sites. Preliminary results show decoupling occurs at all sites and is influenced by atmospheric conditions, canopy properties, and surrounding topography. Topography in particular can impact flow patterns and cause horizontal advection during decoupled periods. In conclusion, complementary below-canopy measurements are recommended to better understand decoupling and its effects on carbon flux estimates.
SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN TREE GROWTH IN THE CENTRAL PYRENEES: CLIMATIC ...Hibrids
This study examined tree ring widths from 204 trees across 17 forest stands in the Spanish Central Pyrenees to understand how tree growth has responded to recent climate change. Three tree species were studied: Pinus uncinata, Abies alba, and Pinus sylvestris. Ring width chronologies were developed for each tree and correlated with climate data. Growth of all species was positively associated with warm temperatures in the previous November and current May. Differences in elevation and species modulated these relationships. Radial growth patterns changed over the 20th century, with more variable growth since the 1950s across all sites, suggesting a climatic driver of increased growth variability.
This document presents research on the relationship between forest fires and global warming in the Amazon rainforest. It discusses how forest fires have increased due to rising global temperatures. The research questions examine the causes of forest fires, including natural hazards, temperature increase, and human activities, as well as the effects such as CO2 emissions, socioeconomic impacts, and changes to vegetation and soil properties. The studies used satellite data and statistical analysis to map forest fires and their relationship with deforestation and climate factors like drought. The conclusions call for global solutions and integrated forest management policies to address tropical rainforest loss and protect carbon reservoirs, ecosystems, and human communities.
Risks of Cryogenic Landslide Hazards and Their Impact on Ecosystems in Cold E...Universität Salzburg
Research focuses on monitoring landscapes downgrading in specific conditions of Arctic ecosystems with cold climate conditions (marshes, permafrost, high humidity and moisture). Specific case study: cryogenic landslides typical for cold environments with permafrost. Area: Yamal Peninsula. Aim: analysis of the environmental changes caused by cryogenic landslides in northern land- scapes affecting sensitive Arctic ecosystems. Thaw of the permafrost layer causes destruction of the ground soil layer and activates cryogenic landslide processes. After disaster, vegetation coverage needs a long time to recover, due to the sensitivity of the specific northern environment, and land cover types change. ILWIS GIS was used to process 2 satellite images Landsat TM taken at 1988 and 2011, to assess spatiotemporal changes in the land cover types. Research shown ILWIS GIS based spatial analysis for environmental mapping.
TERN Supersites and Carbon Monitoring_Mike LiddellTERN Australia
The document summarizes research from several TERN supersites on carbon monitoring across Australia. The supersites provide baseline carbon measures, link field data to carbon dynamics at different scales, connect high resolution data to remote sensing, and inform ecosystem modeling. Specific sites discussed include the Great Western Woodlands, FNQ Rainforest, and Warra Tall Eucalypt supersites. Research at these sites measures vegetation, biomass, carbon stocks, and contributes long-term data to understand carbon cycles and impacts of changes like forest management.
This study examined the effects of different land uses on the ecological integrity of high-altitude streams in northern Ecuador. The researchers assessed various environmental variables, macroinvertebrate communities, and biotic indices at sites with different land uses including cattle grazing, trout production, urban settlements, and mining. They found streams near cattle grazing and mining had poorer ecological integrity, while reference sites and those near trout production had better integrity. Natural land cover, especially at the catchment scale, was strongly correlated with the streams' ecological integrity. The researchers also projected future ecological integrity under different land use scenarios.
The document discusses climate classification according to the Koppen system. It begins by defining climate and contrasting it with weather. It then explains the Koppen system classifies climates based on temperature and precipitation zones that correspond with vegetation types. The major climate zones include tropical, dry, mild, and polar climates. Within these zones are subtypes defined by factors like rainfall patterns, proximity to bodies of water, and temperature ranges. The Koppen system provides a standardized way to categorize and compare climates around the world based on observable environmental factors.
The document summarizes trends in Arctic climate change observed through remote sensing data and ground observations. It discusses rising air and land surface temperatures, declining sea ice extent and thickness, and increasing vegetation growth and biomass in tundra regions, as indicated by trends in NDVI. Changes in the Arctic environment could have widespread effects on carbon storage, permafrost, hydrology, wildlife, and global climate through feedbacks.
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
The North America and Eurasia Arctic transects: Edie Barbour
Walker, D.A., Kuss, H.P., Kopecky, M., Frost, G.V., Kade, A., Vonlanthen, C., Raynolds, M.K., and Epstein, H., 2011, The North America and Eurasia Artctic transects: Using phytosociology and remote sensing to detect vegetation pattern and change: Proceedings Euiropean Vegetation Survey, 20th Workshop, Rome, 6-9 April 2011,
The document summarizes research along two Arctic transects spanning different regions and time periods. Field studies were conducted along the North American Arctic Transect from 2002-2006 and the Eurasian Arctic Transect from 2007-2010. Vegetation, soils, and climate data were collected at sites representing different Arctic bioclimate subzones. Satellite data was also analyzed to detect long-term vegetation trends. While plant communities differed between regions due to environmental factors, the transects provided a synoptic view of Arctic vegetation across the climate gradient that enhanced understanding of relationships between vegetation and changing Arctic conditions.
Hydrological responses to forest cover change in mountains under projected cl...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study quantified the hydrological responses to the forest cover change in the upper part of Sola River basin, Forest Creek catchment, southern Poland, under projected climatic conditions. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) will be applied to investigate the response of the hydrology regime to deforestation and reforestation processes. Under two emission scenarios (A1B and B1, IPCC) of the general circulation model GISS_E (NASA Goddard Institute) were employed to generate future possible climatic conditions. The detailed research was performed on a Forest Creek catchment during the 2002-2012.A key point is to assess both the rate of change in hydrological conditions after the collapse of the spruce stands and the time necessary to stabilize the water management after the afforestation. The results of elaborations show that deforestation process reduces the retention by 40% (10 years), in the same time water drainage from the catchment shortened by 47%.
Managed forest contribution to carbon sequestration under a rising atmospheric CO2
Objectives:
Forest carbon is a cycle
Define forest carbon sequestration
Summarize what is known about how rising CO2 affects tree growth and forest health.
Carbon management under rising CO2. What can be done to increase or enhance carbon sequestration?
This document outlines the structure and content of the upcoming IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere (SROCC). It discusses that Chapter 2 will focus on high mountain areas. It provides background information on glacial retreat observed in recent assessments. Maps and graphs show declining glacier coverage globally and in Ecuador between 1960 and 2016. The authors will examine impacts of climate change on water resources and cryosphere in the Andes as well as examples of adaptation. Indigenous knowledge is also noted as an important consideration.
Continuous Cover Forestry: an alternative model for the sustainable managemen...Edward Wilson
This paper was presented at the Institute of Fisheries Management 7th Specialist Conference, on the theme "Forestry and Fisheries - Where Next?". The event took place at Rheged, Penrith, Cumbria, England on 21-23 April 2015.
The presentation provides an overview of the principles of Continuous Cover Forestry and its application to woodlands in Britain. In addition, information is provided on the opportunities and challenges associated with continuous cover forestry in wooded watersheds and catchments. There is a need for more case studies and long-term study of forest development and environmental interactions in watersheds.
Dr. pavlos konstantinidis (forest research institute of thessaloniki) “use of...anest_trip
This document summarizes a workshop on forest fire fuel mapping in Mediterranean countries held by the Forest Research Institute of Thessaloniki. It discusses the use of new technologies in forest fire protection plans and fuel mapping. The key topics covered include the mission of the Forest Research Institute, NATO science programs, a project on improving forest fire behavior models, fuel loads and characteristics in different forest stands, and the impact of fire on human and natural environments in Athos and Sithonia peninsulas. Spatial analysis methods and monitoring systems for fuel mapping and assessing fire risk are also presented.
Proyecto dinámicas biológicas de los fragmentos de bosques - Thomas LovejoyInstituto Humboldt
The document discusses the threats posed by climate change to tropical forests and biodiversity. It notes that 20% of annual greenhouse gas emissions come from deforestation. The warming climate has led to increased bark beetle outbreaks and range shifts of species. A CO2 target of 450ppm is considered too high and 350ppm is proposed as a safer level. Adaptation and limiting greenhouse gas concentrations through reducing emissions and deforestation are recommended approaches. Restoring ecosystems can help lower atmospheric CO2 levels.
Modeling present and prospective distribution of Phyteuma genus in Carpathian...Alexander Mkrtchian
Species distribution modeling can be effectively carried out using open data and data analysis tools with machine learning techniques. Modeling of the distribution of Phyteuma genus in Carpathian region has been carried out with data from GBIF database, climatic data from Worldclim database, and soil properties data from Soilgrids soil information system. Spatial distribution modeling was accomplished with machine learning techniques that have marked advantages over more traditional statistical methods, like the ability to fit complex nonlinear relationships common in ecology.
Four methods have been examined: Maxent, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Boosted Regression Trees. AUC and TSS criteria calculated for testing data with cross-validation have been applied for assessing the performance of the models and to tune their parameters. ANN with a reduced set of predictor variables (6 from initial 21) appeared to fare the best and was applied for predictive modeling. Prospective data based on future climate projections from Worldclim were input to the model to get the prospective distribution of the plant taxon considering expected climate changes under different RCPs
Impact of prospective climate changes on future distribution of eco-climate b...Alexander Mkrtchian
Three major ecoclimate belts has been distinguished in Ukrainian Carpathians and their spatial distribution has been compared with the distribution of the bioclimatic variables for 1960-1990 period. Statistical modeling allowed to determine the degree and the form of relationships between the former and the latter. The derived statistical model has been then used to predict the future distribution of ecoclimate belts, accounting for the uncertainty present in the models.
This document summarizes a study on the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and forest ecosystems in the Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape of Nepal. The study found that temperature is expected to increase 3-5 degrees Celsius by 2100, and precipitation will become more erratic. Using climate modeling, the study predicted that by 2050 subtropical and lowland forests will become fragmented and degraded, threatening specialist species. However, temperate and alpine forests may remain intact, acting as refugia. The document recommends conserving forest corridors and microrefugia to aid species migration under climate change.
This document discusses addressing forest canopy decoupling on a global scale. It provides background on decoupling, which occurs when there is insufficient mixing of air masses above and below the forest canopy. This can bias carbon flux measurements made above the canopy. The document outlines a global decoupling synthesis study involving over 30 forest sites. Preliminary results show decoupling occurs at all sites and is influenced by atmospheric conditions, canopy properties, and surrounding topography. Topography in particular can impact flow patterns and cause horizontal advection during decoupled periods. In conclusion, complementary below-canopy measurements are recommended to better understand decoupling and its effects on carbon flux estimates.
SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN TREE GROWTH IN THE CENTRAL PYRENEES: CLIMATIC ...Hibrids
This study examined tree ring widths from 204 trees across 17 forest stands in the Spanish Central Pyrenees to understand how tree growth has responded to recent climate change. Three tree species were studied: Pinus uncinata, Abies alba, and Pinus sylvestris. Ring width chronologies were developed for each tree and correlated with climate data. Growth of all species was positively associated with warm temperatures in the previous November and current May. Differences in elevation and species modulated these relationships. Radial growth patterns changed over the 20th century, with more variable growth since the 1950s across all sites, suggesting a climatic driver of increased growth variability.
This document presents research on the relationship between forest fires and global warming in the Amazon rainforest. It discusses how forest fires have increased due to rising global temperatures. The research questions examine the causes of forest fires, including natural hazards, temperature increase, and human activities, as well as the effects such as CO2 emissions, socioeconomic impacts, and changes to vegetation and soil properties. The studies used satellite data and statistical analysis to map forest fires and their relationship with deforestation and climate factors like drought. The conclusions call for global solutions and integrated forest management policies to address tropical rainforest loss and protect carbon reservoirs, ecosystems, and human communities.
Risks of Cryogenic Landslide Hazards and Their Impact on Ecosystems in Cold E...Universität Salzburg
Research focuses on monitoring landscapes downgrading in specific conditions of Arctic ecosystems with cold climate conditions (marshes, permafrost, high humidity and moisture). Specific case study: cryogenic landslides typical for cold environments with permafrost. Area: Yamal Peninsula. Aim: analysis of the environmental changes caused by cryogenic landslides in northern land- scapes affecting sensitive Arctic ecosystems. Thaw of the permafrost layer causes destruction of the ground soil layer and activates cryogenic landslide processes. After disaster, vegetation coverage needs a long time to recover, due to the sensitivity of the specific northern environment, and land cover types change. ILWIS GIS was used to process 2 satellite images Landsat TM taken at 1988 and 2011, to assess spatiotemporal changes in the land cover types. Research shown ILWIS GIS based spatial analysis for environmental mapping.
TERN Supersites and Carbon Monitoring_Mike LiddellTERN Australia
The document summarizes research from several TERN supersites on carbon monitoring across Australia. The supersites provide baseline carbon measures, link field data to carbon dynamics at different scales, connect high resolution data to remote sensing, and inform ecosystem modeling. Specific sites discussed include the Great Western Woodlands, FNQ Rainforest, and Warra Tall Eucalypt supersites. Research at these sites measures vegetation, biomass, carbon stocks, and contributes long-term data to understand carbon cycles and impacts of changes like forest management.
This study examined the effects of different land uses on the ecological integrity of high-altitude streams in northern Ecuador. The researchers assessed various environmental variables, macroinvertebrate communities, and biotic indices at sites with different land uses including cattle grazing, trout production, urban settlements, and mining. They found streams near cattle grazing and mining had poorer ecological integrity, while reference sites and those near trout production had better integrity. Natural land cover, especially at the catchment scale, was strongly correlated with the streams' ecological integrity. The researchers also projected future ecological integrity under different land use scenarios.
The document discusses climate classification according to the Koppen system. It begins by defining climate and contrasting it with weather. It then explains the Koppen system classifies climates based on temperature and precipitation zones that correspond with vegetation types. The major climate zones include tropical, dry, mild, and polar climates. Within these zones are subtypes defined by factors like rainfall patterns, proximity to bodies of water, and temperature ranges. The Koppen system provides a standardized way to categorize and compare climates around the world based on observable environmental factors.
The document summarizes trends in Arctic climate change observed through remote sensing data and ground observations. It discusses rising air and land surface temperatures, declining sea ice extent and thickness, and increasing vegetation growth and biomass in tundra regions, as indicated by trends in NDVI. Changes in the Arctic environment could have widespread effects on carbon storage, permafrost, hydrology, wildlife, and global climate through feedbacks.
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
The North America and Eurasia Arctic transects: Edie Barbour
Walker, D.A., Kuss, H.P., Kopecky, M., Frost, G.V., Kade, A., Vonlanthen, C., Raynolds, M.K., and Epstein, H., 2011, The North America and Eurasia Artctic transects: Using phytosociology and remote sensing to detect vegetation pattern and change: Proceedings Euiropean Vegetation Survey, 20th Workshop, Rome, 6-9 April 2011,
The document summarizes research along two Arctic transects spanning different regions and time periods. Field studies were conducted along the North American Arctic Transect from 2002-2006 and the Eurasian Arctic Transect from 2007-2010. Vegetation, soils, and climate data were collected at sites representing different Arctic bioclimate subzones. Satellite data was also analyzed to detect long-term vegetation trends. While plant communities differed between regions due to environmental factors, the transects provided a synoptic view of Arctic vegetation across the climate gradient that enhanced understanding of relationships between vegetation and changing Arctic conditions.
Hydrological responses to forest cover change in mountains under projected cl...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study quantified the hydrological responses to the forest cover change in the upper part of Sola River basin, Forest Creek catchment, southern Poland, under projected climatic conditions. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) will be applied to investigate the response of the hydrology regime to deforestation and reforestation processes. Under two emission scenarios (A1B and B1, IPCC) of the general circulation model GISS_E (NASA Goddard Institute) were employed to generate future possible climatic conditions. The detailed research was performed on a Forest Creek catchment during the 2002-2012.A key point is to assess both the rate of change in hydrological conditions after the collapse of the spruce stands and the time necessary to stabilize the water management after the afforestation. The results of elaborations show that deforestation process reduces the retention by 40% (10 years), in the same time water drainage from the catchment shortened by 47%.
Managed forest contribution to carbon sequestration under a rising atmospheric CO2
Objectives:
Forest carbon is a cycle
Define forest carbon sequestration
Summarize what is known about how rising CO2 affects tree growth and forest health.
Carbon management under rising CO2. What can be done to increase or enhance carbon sequestration?
This document outlines the structure and content of the upcoming IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere (SROCC). It discusses that Chapter 2 will focus on high mountain areas. It provides background information on glacial retreat observed in recent assessments. Maps and graphs show declining glacier coverage globally and in Ecuador between 1960 and 2016. The authors will examine impacts of climate change on water resources and cryosphere in the Andes as well as examples of adaptation. Indigenous knowledge is also noted as an important consideration.
Continuous Cover Forestry: an alternative model for the sustainable managemen...Edward Wilson
This paper was presented at the Institute of Fisheries Management 7th Specialist Conference, on the theme "Forestry and Fisheries - Where Next?". The event took place at Rheged, Penrith, Cumbria, England on 21-23 April 2015.
The presentation provides an overview of the principles of Continuous Cover Forestry and its application to woodlands in Britain. In addition, information is provided on the opportunities and challenges associated with continuous cover forestry in wooded watersheds and catchments. There is a need for more case studies and long-term study of forest development and environmental interactions in watersheds.
Dr. pavlos konstantinidis (forest research institute of thessaloniki) “use of...anest_trip
This document summarizes a workshop on forest fire fuel mapping in Mediterranean countries held by the Forest Research Institute of Thessaloniki. It discusses the use of new technologies in forest fire protection plans and fuel mapping. The key topics covered include the mission of the Forest Research Institute, NATO science programs, a project on improving forest fire behavior models, fuel loads and characteristics in different forest stands, and the impact of fire on human and natural environments in Athos and Sithonia peninsulas. Spatial analysis methods and monitoring systems for fuel mapping and assessing fire risk are also presented.
Proyecto dinámicas biológicas de los fragmentos de bosques - Thomas LovejoyInstituto Humboldt
The document discusses the threats posed by climate change to tropical forests and biodiversity. It notes that 20% of annual greenhouse gas emissions come from deforestation. The warming climate has led to increased bark beetle outbreaks and range shifts of species. A CO2 target of 450ppm is considered too high and 350ppm is proposed as a safer level. Adaptation and limiting greenhouse gas concentrations through reducing emissions and deforestation are recommended approaches. Restoring ecosystems can help lower atmospheric CO2 levels.
Similar to Modeling the location of natural cold-limited treeline and alpine meadow habitats in Ukrainian Carpathians (20)
Modeling present and prospective distribution of Phyteuma genus in Carpathian...Alexander Mkrtchian
Species distribution modeling can be effectively carried out using open data and data analysis tools with machine learning techniques. Modeling of the distribution of Phyteuma genus in Carpathian region has been carried out with data from GBIF database, climatic data from Worldclim database, and soil properties data from Soilgrids soil information system. Spatial distribution modeling was accomplished with machine learning techniques that have marked advantages over more traditional statistical methods, like the ability to fit complex nonlinear relationships common in ecology.
Four methods have been examined: Maxent, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Boosted Regression Trees. AUC and TSS criteria calculated for testing data with cross-validation have been applied for assessing the performance of the models and to tune their parameters. ANN with a reduced set of predictor variables (6 from initial 21) appeared to fare the best and was applied for predictive modeling. Prospective data based on future climate projections from Worldclim were input to the model to get the prospective distribution of the plant taxon considering expected climate changes under different RCPs
This document analyzes climate trends and projections for Lviv City, Ukraine. It summarizes observed changes in average air temperatures and precipitation over time for the city. It also shows projections from global climate models for higher average temperatures in both winter and summer months by 2050 and 2070, as well as increased annual temperatures and precipitation. The document estimates greater numbers of hot days with maximum temperatures above 30°C in the coming decades based on projected higher average maximum July temperatures.
The analysis of relations between land surface morphometry and spectral chara...Alexander Mkrtchian
This document summarizes a study analyzing the relationship between land surface features and spectral characteristics of ecosystems in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Principal component analysis was performed on LANDSAT satellite imagery to extract the main variations in the dataset. Canonical analysis found correlations between topographic characteristics like elevation, slope, and solar radiation with the first four principal components of the imagery. A composite image was made by draping the first two principal components over a digital elevation model. Future work could include additional environmental data and analyzing spatial textures and temporal changes in the landscape over time. The findings could help with conservation planning, identifying carbon storage areas, and revealing disturbed lands.
Interpolation of meteodata using the method of regression-krigingAlexander Mkrtchian
The regression-kriging method combines multiple regression modeling using DEM data as predictors of precipitation with geostatistical interpolation of the regression residuals. It involves choosing predictors like elevation, calculating a regression model surface, computing residuals, interpolating the residuals with kriging, and adding the results to the regression surface. When applied to annual precipitation data from 1961-1970 in Armenia, regression-kriging reduced the mean square error compared to multiple regression alone, demonstrating its effectiveness at modeling the spatial distribution of precipitation.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...Sérgio Sacani
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDSSérgio Sacani
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Modeling the location of natural cold-limited treeline and alpine meadow habitats in Ukrainian Carpathians
1. Modeling the location of natural cold-limited treeline and alpine meadow habitats in the Ukrainian Carpathians
Alexander Mkrtchian1, Daria Svidzinska2
1Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
2Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Forum Carpaticum 2014: Local Responses to Global Challenges
September 16-18, 2014, Lviv, Ukraine
2. The upper timberline — the upper elevational limit of forest and tree growth and survival on high mountains due to environmental constrains (usually an ecotone)
(Wieser, Tausz, 2007)
The forest line — the upper limit of a continuous forest canopy
(Wieser, Tausz, 2007)
The tree limit — the upper limit of trees, krummholz, and shrubs higher than 2 m (Wardle 1974, Ellenberg 1996, Wieser, Tausz, 2007)
3. Problem formulation
•Alpine meadow biotopes contain unique and valuable habitats
•An alpine zone in the Ukrainian Carpathians is rather small and mostly consists of rather small and isolated patches
•Global warming will shift altitudinal belts upwards, shrinking the alpine meadow biotopes
•The amount of prospective loss of alpine meadow biotopes is unknown and merits further researches
4. The study goals
•To reveal and determine the extent of the alpine biotopes and alpine meadow ecosystems in Ukrainian Carpathians
•To make predictions about their spatial changes for the middle of the present century
5. Seminal works on the treelines and their environmental drivers
•Humboldt Al. de, Bonpland A., 1816. Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du Nouveau Continent. Libr. grecque, latine, allemande, Paris, France, pp. 1–420
•Däniker, A., 1923. Biologische Studien über Wald- und Baumgrenze, insbosondere über die klimatischen Ursachen und deren Zusammenhänge. Vierteljahrsschr. Nat. forsch. Ges. Zür. 68: 1–102
•Tranquillini W., 1979. Physiological ecology of the alpine timberline: tree existence at high altitude with special reference to the European Alps. In: Ecological Studies. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 1–137
•Wieser G., Tausz M., 2007. Trees at their Upper Limit: Treelife limitation at the alpine timberline. Springer, NJ, USA, pp. 1–232
•Holtmeier F.-K., 2009. Mountain Timberlines. Springer, NJ, USA, pp. 1–437
•Körner C., Riedl S., 2012. Alpine Treelines. Springer, Basel, Switzerland pp. 1–220
7. Research steps
1.Calculate the statistical relationships between forest boundaries locations and climatic variables and select the variable with the highest degree of correspondence
2.Determine the critical value of the selected climatic variable that serves as a proxy to a boundary between the forest and alpine meadow biotopes
3.Based on the current and prospective distribution of the selected climatic variable calculate the positions of climatic treeline and the extent of alpine meadow biotopes
8. Data used
•SRTM 90m Digital Elevation Data v4.1
•Landsat 5 TM imagery
•WorldClim dataset
ocurrent climatic data (1960 – 2000)
oprojections of global climate model (GCM) data from CMIP5 (IPPC 5th Assessment)
9. Main methods used
•Supervised classification with Maximum Likelihood algorithm
•Geographically Weighted Regression
•Statistical analyses
oANOVA
ovariance calculations
10. Basic land cover classes distinguished from Landsat 5 TM scenes (bands 1-4) using supervised classification with Maximum Likelihood algorithm
12. ANOVA on land cover classes
Forest boundaries / total area variance ratio
January minimal temperature
19423
0.93
July mean temperature
26728
0.89
Warmest quarter mean temperature
27985
0.85
Statistical testing of dependencies between climatic variables and forest boundary distribution
WorldClim dataset: Hijmans R.J., Cameron S. E., Parra J. L., Jones P. G., Jarvis A., 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: 1965-1978.
13. Histograms of the distribution of warmest quarter mean temperature values for total area above 1200 m a.s.l. and for areas corresponding to forest boundaries
14. Locations with warmest quarter mean temperature under 11° C (assumed current alpine meadow biotopes )
15. Locations with warmest quarter mean temperature under 11 °C
(assumed current alpine meadow biotopes )
16. Modeled warmest quarter mean temperatures for 2050
CCSM4 for rcp 26
CCSM4 for rcp 45
Had GEM2-ES for rcp 26
17. Assumed changes in sizes and boundaries of alpine meadow biotopes, based on CCSM4
18. Prediction model
2050: rcp 26
2050: rcp 45
2050: rcp60, rcp85 2070: any rcp
CCSM4
126
9.8
0
HadGEM2-ES
0
0
0
MIROC-ESM
0
0
0
IPSL-CM5
0
0
0
Prospective area of alpine meadow biotopes in the Ukrainian Carpathians based on global climate models predictions, ha
From the 4 model predictions used, 3 predict total disappearance of alpine meadow biotopes in the Ukrainian Carpathians for year 2050 even under the most conservative greenhouse gas concentration trajectory (rcp 26). The prediction of the 4th model, the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) shows the decrease in area of alpine meadow biotopes in the Ukrainian Carpathians form current 19 319 ha to 12.6 ha in 2050 under the rcp 26 trajectory and to 9.8 ha in 2050 under the rcp 45.
Current area: 19 319 ha
19. Thank you for your attention
alemkrt@gmail.com
d.svidzinska@gmail.com