Environmental science

1. PRESENTED BY
Fatima Mehr 9671
Yasir Javed 9670
Roham Javed 9676
Shahroon Khan 9645
Bilal Saleem 9690
Fajar Khurram 9688

2. TITLE
FOREST FIRES IN RELATIONSHIP WITH GLOBAL
WARMING
1.S.S.d. Silva et al,2018,
“Dynamics of forest fires
in the southwestern
Amazon “
2. Renan Le Roux et al
2022, ‘’How wildfires
increase sensitivity of
Amazon forests to
droughts’’
3. M. dos Reis et al,2021,
‘’ Forest fires and
deforestation in the
central Amazon: Effects
of landscape and climate
on spatial and temporal
dynamics ‘’

3. OUTLINES
Introduction
Background
Research Questions
Data and Methods
Result/Discussions
Conclusion

4. AMAZON RAIN FOREST
 The Amazon Biome spans approximately 6.7 million square kilometers, which is
twice the size of India. The basin is shared by eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia,
Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname), as well as the
overseas territory of French Guiana. Approximately 60% of the Amazon Basin is
located within Brazil.
 Amazon rainforest, the world's largest rain forest is at the risk of getting burned
out completely. The rainforest, which contributes almost 20 percent of the
earth’s oxygen.
 The rainforest is home to 40 percent of the worlds tropical forest and holds 20
percent of the worlds freshwater supply. It is also home to 10 percent of the
world’s species and 40,000 plant species and around 3000 varieties of edible fruits.
 Further, the Amazon rainforest is also the natural habitat of 430 species of
mammals and millions of insect species.

5. BEFORE AFTER

6. BACKGROUND:
•Being an environmentalist climate and weather is always our major
concern.
•Tropical forests are of global importance even though they only
cover around 10% of the earths land surface they store large amount
of carbon and host between ½ and 2/3 of world specie
•A forest fire is one of the major concern of environmentalist more
interestingly the amazon fire.
•There was a surge of headline news by global media of wide spread
wild fires in the amazon rainforest which smokes visible from the
space engulfed cities thousands of Km away.
•According to literature forest fires have increased due to an increase
in the global temperature.
•In such incidence along with other impacts massive CO2 emission
from fires in noticeable.

7. RESEARCH QUESTION:
•The objective of the study is the analyze the following
questions :
What are the causes of forest fire?
•Natural hazards
•Global temperature increase
•Human activities
What are the effects of forest fire?
•Emission of CO2
•Socioeconomical effects
•Effect on (vegetation cover ,soil properties ,soil chemistry)
•Advantages of forest fire.

8. Data and methods
Study area
• Mapping of forest fires based on
Landsat satellite data
• Validation of the mapping of forest fires
• Forest burn-scar mapping
• Calculation of maximum cumulative
water deficit
• Deforestation data and anthropogenic,
biophysical and land-category
variables.

9.  Publication on tropical rain
forest fires since 1981 to
2015
 Approximately 60% of these
studies were conducted in
four countries
 The number of publication
tended to increase after El
Nino years

10.  The interaction of settlement
area (high social vulnerability)
and infrastructural vulnerable
area with the high and
moderate forest fire
susceptibility resulted in high
region in the forest fire risk
map.

12. Statistical analysis
• The dynamics of deforestation were
analyzed annually from 2001 to
2018.
• Before 2000 the polygons (map
areas enclosing a given feature)
represent cumulative deforestation.
• Values greater than 0.5 indicate that
the pair of variables is spatially
dependent.
• This threshold has been used by
previous studies to evaluate the
dependence between variables that
influence deforestation .

13.  Out of a total of 31 years (1985–2015),
forest fires were found in three years:
1997, 2009 and 2015.
 The area of burned forest in Indigenous
land in the municipality represented 3.4%
of the total forest burned in the years with
forest fires
 (1997, 2009 and 2015)
 Of the forest in Indigenous land, 14% was
burned during the study period.

14. CONCLUSIONS:
•The amazon fire of 2019 highlight the need for a global solution to address tropical
rainforest loss
•As we all know amazon region and any and all tropical forests are the most important
carbon reservoirs and climate regulators so both regional political and international
commitment will be needed to address this problem
•It needs global compromises in governance and socioeconomics to save guard humans
and ecosystem worldwide the integrated forest management policies including
environment and economic regulation social integration of stakeholders and sustainable
forestry practices across the Amazonian region .
•Monitoring and enforcing banns on human use of fire and achieving social acceptance
of such policies
•Production of artificial forest for the future .