“Managed forest contribution to carbon sequestration under a rising carbon dioxide regime” Chris Maier, Research Biological Scientist; USFS, Southern Research Station - RWU 4160; Forest Genetics and Ecosystems Productivity
Managed forest contribution to carbon sequestration under a rising atmospheric CO2
Objectives:
Forest carbon is a cycle
Define forest carbon sequestration
Summarize what is known about how rising CO2 affects tree growth and forest health.
Carbon management under rising CO2. What can be done to increase or enhance carbon sequestration?
Nutrient management as a component of southern pine plantation Silviculture
What limits a site’s productive potential?
What are the growth impacts due to fertilization?
Do treatment responses carry over to the next rotation?
Southeastern Forest Productivity and Sustainability in a Changing World
WHAT WE KNOW
Atmospheric CO2 is rising due to human activity
Average temperatures are rising, mostly due to the effects of atmospheric CO2
Warmer and more frequent hot days and nights are virtually certain
Warm spells and heat waves are very likely to increase
Altered precipitation regimes are likely, but effects will vary across the globe (and across regions) and are more difficult to predict and may include
Likely increased intensity of rainfall events
Increased/decreased rainfall depending on location
Increased tropical cyclone activity likely
Longleaf Pine Ecosystems
Productivity and biodiversity patterns of a longleaf pine ecosystem.
Ecological forestry and restoration of longleaf pine ecosystems.
Ecological role of mesopredators, effects of control, and habitat approaches.
Aquatic Ecology and Water Resources
Hydrologic variation and human development in the lower Flint River Basin
Depressional wetlands on the coastal plain landscape: maintenance of regional biodiversity
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils: The “4 per mil” programExternalEvents
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils: The “4 per mil” program presented by Hervé Saint Macary, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
Climate Smart Agriculture and Soil-Carbon SequestrationSIANI
Part of the Swedish seminar "Från kolkälla till kolfälla: Om framtidens klimatsmarta jordbruk"
8th May 2012, 13.00 - 16.30
Kulturhuset, Stockholm
Marja-Liisa Tapio-Biström, FAO, gives a global overview of carbon in soil.
Nutrient management as a component of southern pine plantation Silviculture
What limits a site’s productive potential?
What are the growth impacts due to fertilization?
Do treatment responses carry over to the next rotation?
Southeastern Forest Productivity and Sustainability in a Changing World
WHAT WE KNOW
Atmospheric CO2 is rising due to human activity
Average temperatures are rising, mostly due to the effects of atmospheric CO2
Warmer and more frequent hot days and nights are virtually certain
Warm spells and heat waves are very likely to increase
Altered precipitation regimes are likely, but effects will vary across the globe (and across regions) and are more difficult to predict and may include
Likely increased intensity of rainfall events
Increased/decreased rainfall depending on location
Increased tropical cyclone activity likely
Longleaf Pine Ecosystems
Productivity and biodiversity patterns of a longleaf pine ecosystem.
Ecological forestry and restoration of longleaf pine ecosystems.
Ecological role of mesopredators, effects of control, and habitat approaches.
Aquatic Ecology and Water Resources
Hydrologic variation and human development in the lower Flint River Basin
Depressional wetlands on the coastal plain landscape: maintenance of regional biodiversity
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils: The “4 per mil” programExternalEvents
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils: The “4 per mil” program presented by Hervé Saint Macary, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
Climate Smart Agriculture and Soil-Carbon SequestrationSIANI
Part of the Swedish seminar "Från kolkälla till kolfälla: Om framtidens klimatsmarta jordbruk"
8th May 2012, 13.00 - 16.30
Kulturhuset, Stockholm
Marja-Liisa Tapio-Biström, FAO, gives a global overview of carbon in soil.
Soil management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration potential of degra...koushalya T.N
Reclamation of degraded lands has huge potential for carbon (C) sequestration to counteract the climate change. It was estimated that about 1,964 Mha of land is degraded worldwide and in India 146.8 Mha of land is degraded ( Bai et al., 2008). The major land-degradation processes in the World and in Asia are water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity, nutrient depletion and metal pollution. Enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in agricultural soils and degraded lands is important because of its impacts on improving soil quality and agronomic production, and also for adaptation to mitigation of climate change. Various management strategies like conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, afforestation, alternate land use, plantations and amendments and use of biochar hold promise for long-term C sequestration. It can be concluded that land degradation is a serious problem in India which need to be tackled because shrinking of land resource base will lead to a substantial decline in food grain production which in turn would hamper the economic growth rate and there would also be unprecedented increase in mortality rate owing to hunger and malnutrition.
ROLE OF AGROFORESTRY IN MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGEGANDLA MANTHESH
Climate change and climatic variability's are real and their impacts have already been felt in agriculture.
The tree components in agroforestry system can be significant sinks of atmospheric carbon and it will reduce the stress and dependence on natural forest.
Challenges of soil organic carbon sequestration in drylandsExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rachid Mrabet , from INRA – Morocco, in FAO Hq, Rome
Soil Carbon & its Sequestration for Better Soil HealthBiswajitPramanick4
Carbon sequestration is the long- term storage of carbon in oceans, soils, vegetation (especially forests), and geologic formations. Although oceans store most of the Earth's carbon, soils contain approximately 75% of the carbon pool on land — three times more than the amount stored in living plants and animals.
soil organic carbon- a key for sustainable soil quality under scenario of cli...Bornali Borah
The global soil resource is already showing a sign of serious degradation (Banwart et al. 2014) which has ultimately negative impact on sustained crop yield and environmental quality. Due to intense rainfall and concurrent rise in temperature with changing climate, the fertile top soil is prone to severe degradation with depletion of SOC. Most soils in agricultural ecosystems have lost soil C ranging from 30 to 60 t C ha-1 with the magnitude of 50 to 75% loss (Lal, 2004). Hence, restoration of soil quality through different carbon management options will enhance soil health, mitigate climate change and provide sustained agricultural production.
Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration: Importance and State of ScienceExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rattan Lal from Carbon Management and Sequestration Center – USA , in FAO Hq, Rome
Carbon sequestration through the use of biosolids in soils of the Pampas reg...Silvana Torri
Como citar este trabajo
Torri S, Lavado R. 2011. Carbon sequestration through the use of biosolids in soils of the Pampas region, Argentina. In: Environmental Management: Systems, Sustainability and Current Issues.Editor: H. C. Dupont, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, NY 11788,ISBN: 978-1-61324-733-4.pag. 221-236, 336 p
Presented by Haimanote K. Bayabil, Johannes C. Lehmann, Birru Yitaferu, Cathelijne Stoof and Tammo S. Steenhuis at the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) Science Workshop–2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9 – 10 July 2013
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, Opening Ceremony of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Luca Montanarella from EU Commission’s Joint Research Centre, in FAO Hq, Rome
Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential of Mangroves at Katunggan it IbajayASU-CHARRM
The Katunggan it Ibajay (KII) Eco Park is home to one of the most diverse mangrove forests in the Philippines. It is a 44.22 hectares protected park in the town of Ibajay in Aklan which boasts a total of 28 true species of mangroves or 80 percent out of the total 35 Philippine mangrove species. The forest is also a home to some species of birds and other wildlife like mud lobsters, fiddler crabs, mudskippers and other fauna. Recent studies have been conducted in the area which includes the identification of mollusk species, behaviours and activities of fiddler crabs. However, there is a lack of information on studies regarding Carbon storage and sequestration potential of mangrove species in KII.
Therefore, considering the vital role of mangrove species there is a need to conduct this study to provide a wide array of information about the total C-stock and sequestration potential of selected mangrove species in KII. Likewise, it will help local folks, LGU-officials and future researchers to increase their awareness to protect and preserve KII Eco-Park; to help reduce increasing negative impact of global warming in the environment.
Impact of soil properties on carbon sequestrationyoginimahadule
Carbon sequestration is an important global phenomenon that plays a significant role in maintaining a balanced global carbon cycle and sustainable crop production. Carbon Sequestration is the placement of CO2 into a depository in such way that it remains safely and not released back to the atmosphere.
Among the soil factors, texture plays an important role in C sequestration. The observation that the decrease in clay- and silt associated C and N upon cultivation of soils was generally less than the decrease in C and N in the particle size fraction > 20 µm confirms that clay and sift particles protect C against microbial degradation (Hassink, 1997).
Increase in SOC concentration with conservation tillage was partly responsible for the increased macroaggregation near the soil surface.( Zhang et al. 2013)
Electrical conductivity in soils affects the organic carbon content by reducing the uptake of minerals and water by the plant which ultimately results in less plant growth. A higher electrical conductivity causes less decomposition in soils which consequently reduces the accumulation of humus meanwhile, the values of acidity; percentage of organic matter, organic carbon and the sequestration of carbon in soils containing T. kotschyiwas more than the values observed in soils containing T. aphylla and the soil of the control which contained no plants.
Nitrogen applicaton at optimum rate help to sequester carbon in soil.(Jiang et al. 2019). Integrated nutrient application in long-term rice-wheat cropping system would be a suitable option with respect to its potentiality of increasing yield, nutrient availability, and sequestering soil organic carbon for sustainable soil health management in partially reclaimed sodic soils of the north Indian subcontinent. He concluded that FYM application increase passive pool of soil while green manure increase active and labile pool. (Choudhury et al. 2018)
Six et al. (2006) by various observation of different sites concludes changes in the relative abundance and activity of bacteria and fungi may significantly affect C cycling and storage, due to the unique physiologies and differential interactions with soil physical properties of these two microbial groups. It has been hypothesized that C turnover is slower in fungal-dominated communities in part because fungi in corporate more soil C into biomass than bacteria and because fungal cell walls are more recalcitrant than bacterial cell walls. Same result by Aliasgharzad et al. 2016).
Tsai et al. (2013) showed positive correlation of soil organic carbon with elevation
Presented by Markku Kanninen and Markku Larjavaara, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at Practical Training in CarboScen in Jakarta, Indonesia, on September 28, 2017.
Soil management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration potential of degra...koushalya T.N
Reclamation of degraded lands has huge potential for carbon (C) sequestration to counteract the climate change. It was estimated that about 1,964 Mha of land is degraded worldwide and in India 146.8 Mha of land is degraded ( Bai et al., 2008). The major land-degradation processes in the World and in Asia are water erosion, wind erosion, salinity, alkalinity, nutrient depletion and metal pollution. Enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in agricultural soils and degraded lands is important because of its impacts on improving soil quality and agronomic production, and also for adaptation to mitigation of climate change. Various management strategies like conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, afforestation, alternate land use, plantations and amendments and use of biochar hold promise for long-term C sequestration. It can be concluded that land degradation is a serious problem in India which need to be tackled because shrinking of land resource base will lead to a substantial decline in food grain production which in turn would hamper the economic growth rate and there would also be unprecedented increase in mortality rate owing to hunger and malnutrition.
ROLE OF AGROFORESTRY IN MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGEGANDLA MANTHESH
Climate change and climatic variability's are real and their impacts have already been felt in agriculture.
The tree components in agroforestry system can be significant sinks of atmospheric carbon and it will reduce the stress and dependence on natural forest.
Challenges of soil organic carbon sequestration in drylandsExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rachid Mrabet , from INRA – Morocco, in FAO Hq, Rome
Soil Carbon & its Sequestration for Better Soil HealthBiswajitPramanick4
Carbon sequestration is the long- term storage of carbon in oceans, soils, vegetation (especially forests), and geologic formations. Although oceans store most of the Earth's carbon, soils contain approximately 75% of the carbon pool on land — three times more than the amount stored in living plants and animals.
soil organic carbon- a key for sustainable soil quality under scenario of cli...Bornali Borah
The global soil resource is already showing a sign of serious degradation (Banwart et al. 2014) which has ultimately negative impact on sustained crop yield and environmental quality. Due to intense rainfall and concurrent rise in temperature with changing climate, the fertile top soil is prone to severe degradation with depletion of SOC. Most soils in agricultural ecosystems have lost soil C ranging from 30 to 60 t C ha-1 with the magnitude of 50 to 75% loss (Lal, 2004). Hence, restoration of soil quality through different carbon management options will enhance soil health, mitigate climate change and provide sustained agricultural production.
Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration: Importance and State of ScienceExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rattan Lal from Carbon Management and Sequestration Center – USA , in FAO Hq, Rome
Carbon sequestration through the use of biosolids in soils of the Pampas reg...Silvana Torri
Como citar este trabajo
Torri S, Lavado R. 2011. Carbon sequestration through the use of biosolids in soils of the Pampas region, Argentina. In: Environmental Management: Systems, Sustainability and Current Issues.Editor: H. C. Dupont, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, NY 11788,ISBN: 978-1-61324-733-4.pag. 221-236, 336 p
Presented by Haimanote K. Bayabil, Johannes C. Lehmann, Birru Yitaferu, Cathelijne Stoof and Tammo S. Steenhuis at the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) Science Workshop–2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9 – 10 July 2013
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, Opening Ceremony of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Luca Montanarella from EU Commission’s Joint Research Centre, in FAO Hq, Rome
Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential of Mangroves at Katunggan it IbajayASU-CHARRM
The Katunggan it Ibajay (KII) Eco Park is home to one of the most diverse mangrove forests in the Philippines. It is a 44.22 hectares protected park in the town of Ibajay in Aklan which boasts a total of 28 true species of mangroves or 80 percent out of the total 35 Philippine mangrove species. The forest is also a home to some species of birds and other wildlife like mud lobsters, fiddler crabs, mudskippers and other fauna. Recent studies have been conducted in the area which includes the identification of mollusk species, behaviours and activities of fiddler crabs. However, there is a lack of information on studies regarding Carbon storage and sequestration potential of mangrove species in KII.
Therefore, considering the vital role of mangrove species there is a need to conduct this study to provide a wide array of information about the total C-stock and sequestration potential of selected mangrove species in KII. Likewise, it will help local folks, LGU-officials and future researchers to increase their awareness to protect and preserve KII Eco-Park; to help reduce increasing negative impact of global warming in the environment.
Impact of soil properties on carbon sequestrationyoginimahadule
Carbon sequestration is an important global phenomenon that plays a significant role in maintaining a balanced global carbon cycle and sustainable crop production. Carbon Sequestration is the placement of CO2 into a depository in such way that it remains safely and not released back to the atmosphere.
Among the soil factors, texture plays an important role in C sequestration. The observation that the decrease in clay- and silt associated C and N upon cultivation of soils was generally less than the decrease in C and N in the particle size fraction > 20 µm confirms that clay and sift particles protect C against microbial degradation (Hassink, 1997).
Increase in SOC concentration with conservation tillage was partly responsible for the increased macroaggregation near the soil surface.( Zhang et al. 2013)
Electrical conductivity in soils affects the organic carbon content by reducing the uptake of minerals and water by the plant which ultimately results in less plant growth. A higher electrical conductivity causes less decomposition in soils which consequently reduces the accumulation of humus meanwhile, the values of acidity; percentage of organic matter, organic carbon and the sequestration of carbon in soils containing T. kotschyiwas more than the values observed in soils containing T. aphylla and the soil of the control which contained no plants.
Nitrogen applicaton at optimum rate help to sequester carbon in soil.(Jiang et al. 2019). Integrated nutrient application in long-term rice-wheat cropping system would be a suitable option with respect to its potentiality of increasing yield, nutrient availability, and sequestering soil organic carbon for sustainable soil health management in partially reclaimed sodic soils of the north Indian subcontinent. He concluded that FYM application increase passive pool of soil while green manure increase active and labile pool. (Choudhury et al. 2018)
Six et al. (2006) by various observation of different sites concludes changes in the relative abundance and activity of bacteria and fungi may significantly affect C cycling and storage, due to the unique physiologies and differential interactions with soil physical properties of these two microbial groups. It has been hypothesized that C turnover is slower in fungal-dominated communities in part because fungi in corporate more soil C into biomass than bacteria and because fungal cell walls are more recalcitrant than bacterial cell walls. Same result by Aliasgharzad et al. 2016).
Tsai et al. (2013) showed positive correlation of soil organic carbon with elevation
Similar to “Managed forest contribution to carbon sequestration under a rising carbon dioxide regime” Chris Maier, Research Biological Scientist; USFS, Southern Research Station - RWU 4160; Forest Genetics and Ecosystems Productivity
Presented by Markku Kanninen and Markku Larjavaara, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), at Practical Training in CarboScen in Jakarta, Indonesia, on September 28, 2017.
This presentation displays the strong links between peatlands, climate change and biodiversity. Peatland degradation is a disaster for both the local and global climate as well as biodiversity.
This presentation debunks many of the common misconceptions about forests, carbon, and climate change. [A few of the slides did not convert very well. Contact me at dh@oregonwild.org if you want me to send you a link to the latest powerpoint.]
Sustainable Uplands End of Project presentation given at Moffat House Hotel, ...Mark Reed
Summary of key project findings from the RELU Sustainable Uplands project, presented to stakeholders in Dumfries and Galloway. Two short films accompany this presentation - for details, see www.see.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands
Relation between forests and climate change. Forest responses and vulnerabilities to climate change mitigation. Role of forests in climate change mitigation.
Three fold role of forests in climate change; forests as victims of climate change, forests as drivers of climate change and forests as solution for climate change. Forest vulnerabilities to climate change; forest fire, forest degradation, effect on growth, structure and composition of forests. Emission of greenhouse gases from forests; natural and anthropogenic emissions. Afforestation and reforestation as solution for climate change. REDD+; Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation. Global forest status and Global Carbon Stocks. Sustainable development.
Objectives
- Assess types and densities of NA bacteria in diverse manures and manured soils
- Identify physico-chemical conditions that favor NA activity in soil and reduce N2O emissions
- Evaluate the impact of climate adaptive management practices (C addition, low disturbance) on GHG tradeoffs
Selecting and applying modelling tools to evaluate forest management strategi...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was delivered at the third Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2016, in Clark Freeport Zone, Philippines.
The five sub-thematic streams at APFW 2016 included:
Pathways to prosperity: Future trade and markets
Tackling climate change: challenges and opportunities
Serving society: forestry and people
New institutions, new governance
Our green future: green investment and growing our natural assets
Effects of a raised water table on greenhouse gas emissions and celery yield ...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.1, Managing SOC in: Soils with high SOC – peatlands, permafrost, and black soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Magdalena J. Matysek, from University of Sheffield - UK, in FAO Hq, Rome
Similar to “Managed forest contribution to carbon sequestration under a rising carbon dioxide regime” Chris Maier, Research Biological Scientist; USFS, Southern Research Station - RWU 4160; Forest Genetics and Ecosystems Productivity (20)
Why Long Leaf?
More Poles per Acre
We can plant container grown successfully
Selective Herbicides help with Site Prep
Longleaf Stands up better to Hurricanes
Longleaf resists Beetle infestations better
Most landowners can get cost share to plant
High quality habitat management
PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES
Evaluating the impact of increased efficiency and effectiveness on pine plantation productivity, from two perspectives:
a. From a producer (or manager) standpoint
b. From a forest sector (aggregated production) view.
2. List and discuss key understandings and focus areas for improved productivity and efficiency today.
KEY STATEMENTS
There is ALWAYS another level of efficiency and productivity
Efficiency ALWAYS wins out
Inefficient systems (or inefficient managers) may last for a long time if shielded, or if they exists in a non-competitive environment.
A CULTURE OF EXCELLENCE inherently seeks the next level, of efficiency, productivity, and value. It proactively culls out the less efficient and less productive.
A positive culture is the result of purposeful FOCUS and MANAGEMENT.
Alternative Income Options for Forest Landowners in GA:
Pine straw – used as a mulch for landscaping on golf courses, around homes and apartments, stores, etc. – in many cases an annual income
Hunt lease – renting land for hunting (deer, turkey, quail, ducks, rabbits, etc) – in many cases an annual income
Other sources as well (these come and go) – mushrooms, bees/honey, naval stores, Carbon credits
Timberland investments “101”
Global markets and management implications
What matters most and what matters less?
Asset Diversification
Don’t put all your eggs in one basket
Risk Reduction
Minimize volatility of portfolio returns
“Real” Rate of Return
Inflation hedge
Biological Growth
Trees don’t read the Wall Street Journal
The Endangered Species Act is in need of reform to prevent groups from misusing the law. The proposal to list the Northern Long Eared bat under current guidelines does not provide solutions for addressing the cause of the bat's decline - White Nose Syndrome. Listings need to be made with verifiable scientific data that provides support for the issues on hand. As for the case of the the NLEB, a cure for WNS should be the focus of the guidelines, not industry activity which has no impact on the bats' population.
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
different Modes of Insect Plant InteractionArchita Das
different modes of interaction between insects and plants including mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, Pairwise and diffuse coevolution, Plant defenses, how coevolution started
“Managed forest contribution to carbon sequestration under a rising carbon dioxide regime” Chris Maier, Research Biological Scientist; USFS, Southern Research Station - RWU 4160; Forest Genetics and Ecosystems Productivity
1. Managed Forest Contribution to
Carbon Sequestration Under a
Rising Carbon Dioxide Regime
Chris A. Maier
Research Biological Scientist
USFS, Southern Research Station - RWU 4160
Forest Genetics and Ecosystems Productivity
Research Triangle Park, NC
919-549-4072
cmaier@fs.fed.us
2014 Southeastern Regional Forest
Landowner and Manager Conference,
Valdosta, GA
2. SRS-4160 – Forest Genetics and Ecosystems
Productivity
USDA Forest Service
Research and Development
www.fs.fed.us/research
Southern Research Station (SRS)
www.srs.fs.fed.us
Mission: To advance the scientific
understanding of the roles of genetics,
environment, and their interactions to
provide guidelines and tools for
improving the sustainable productivity
of southern forest ecosystems.
Research Focal areas:
Genetics and Genomics
Physiological Processes
Carbon and Nutrient Cycling
*
*
3. SRS-4160: Research Studies
Forest Productivity and
Resource Availability Forest Response to Elevated
CO2 and soil nutrition
Longleaf Pine (P.
palustris) Restoration
Genotype x Silviculture
‘Cross Carbon Study’
Cold tolerance and water
use in short-rotation
Eucalyptus benthamii
SETRES
Biomass production for
bioenergy and biofuels
4. Managed forest contribution to carbon
sequestration under a rising atmospheric CO2
• Objectives:
– Forest carbon is a cycle
– Define forest carbon sequestration
– Summarize what is known about how rising CO2
affects tree growth and forest health.
– Carbon management under rising CO2. What can
be done to increase or enhance carbon
sequestration?
5. Atmospheric CO2 is increasing rapidly
Projected to reach 550
ppm by 2050.
6. The Carbon Bathtub
Forest and grasslands remove about a third of the additional CO2
7. Atmospheric CO2 is an environmental paradox
(Beedlow et al. 2004)
– CO2 is a substrate for photosynthesis and essential
for all life
• Photosynthesis increases with increasing CO2
• Plant growth benefits from elevated CO2: “CO2 fertilization effect”
– Greenhouse gas
• Rising atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases (e.g. CH4,
CFCs, and others) will most likely occur in conjunction with cyclical or
linear changes in other climatic factors (temperature and precipitation
regimes.
• Changes in climate will be more severe in some areas
• However, only modest changes in temperature and precipitation are
predicted for most of the southern US through 2050.
8. Can forest management be optimized to
harness the benefits and mitigate the
problems associated with increases in
atmospheric CO2?
Forest Carbon Sequestration:
the absorption and storage of
carbon from the atmosphere in plant biomass,
detritus, soil, and products
9. Forest management and carbon
sequestration: Approaches
• No management – carbon reserves in old growth
forests
• Extensive management – long rotations, fewer
extractions, maintain forest structure
• Intensive management – shorter rotations,
frequent extractions, substitute wood for durable
products, and bioenergy
10. Managing forest for C sequestration is supported by
international scientists and policy makers as a
strategy for mitigating anthropogenic CO2 emissions
“In the long term, a sustainable forest management strategy aimed
at maintaining or increasing forest carbon stocks, while producing an
annual sustained yield of timber, fiber, or energy from the forest, will
generate the largest sustained mitigation benefit.”
4th UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007)
“Increasing both forest stocks and timber harvest will buy time while
we learn more about how trees absorb carbon”
Bellassen and Luyssaert, Nature 2014
11. Paper
Wood
Above-ground Biomass
Major influences: Productivity
Rotation length
Major influences: soil type
management
climate
in situ Pools
ex situ Pools
Atmospheric CO2
Below-ground Biomass
(including forest floor)
Overall Major influences: Land Use
Economics
Major influences: Ownership type
Product classes
Economics
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
Conceptual model of carbon sequestration via
southern pine forestry
Source: Johnsen et al. JOF 2001
12. Carbon Storage in a Pine
Plantation
Carbon sequestration
must be understood over
multiple rotations
Source: Maier and Johnsen 2007 GTR-SRS-121
13. The Forest Carbon Cycle
Ecosystem Carbon Pools and Fluxes
• Pools:
– Foliage, stems, branches
– Roots
– Litter (above-, below-ground)
– soil
• Processes:
– Photosynthesis
– Respiration
– Carbon allocation
– Decomposition
• Variables that regulate carbon fluxes and
storage:
– Environment: temperature, precipitation, CO2
– Soil nutrition and hydrology
– Species
– Site history
– Pests and pathogens
From: Landsberg and Gower 1997
14. Photosynthesis: “CO2 fertilization effect"
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
Pinus taeda
Eucalyptus benthamii
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
[CO2] (ppm)
Net Photosynthesis ( mol m-2s-1)
40
30
20
10
0
• Photosynthesis increases with CO2
• 30-50% at 550 ppm
• Elevated CO2 decreases stomatal conductance
and increases water use efficiency
sugar
15. How sensitive are forests to rising CO2?
• Productivity
• Nutrient supply and demand
• Water use
• Competitive relationships
• Seed production potential
• Pathogens and pest relationships
16. Will CO2 fertilization increase forest carbon sequestration
under all circumstances and/or alter carbon cycling?
Biomass
550 ppm CO2 - Scenario I
Present
550 ppm CO2 - Scenario II
Increase Initial growth rate, carrying capacity, or both?
Groninger et al. 1999
Time
17. Source: Maier et al. 2002 Tree Physiology
current year, July
SETRES: Elevated CO2 A – ambient CO2
ambient CO2
amb+200 CO
E – elevated CO2
unfertilized fertilized
Asat( mol m-2s-1)
8
6
4
2
0
unfertilized fertilized
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Annual Stem Growth
(kg C m2 ground)
A
E
A
E
On this very nutrient poor site:
• Elevated CO2 increased photosynthetic rate in
unfertilized and fertilized foliage.
• Elevated CO2 only increased growth when
trees were fertilized.
Source: Oren et al. 2001 Nature
A
A
E
E
18. Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) Experiments
POPFACE : European FACE
Experiment on Poplar Plantations
Rhinelander, WI
Oak Ridge (ORNL) CO2 Enrichment
of Sweetgum
Duke University FACE – Loblolly Pine
Norby and Zak 2011
Tuscania, Italy
19. Duke Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) Experiments
• Wind carries CO2 into the stand
• Elevated CO2 (ambient +200
ppm CO2).
20. Duke FACE: Elevated CO2
Sustained increases in biomass
production with CO2
Averaged 28% greater NPP in elevated
treatments
Source: McCarthy et al. 2010 New Phytologist
21. Duke FACE: Elevated CO2
Stand growth increased under
elevated CO2, but the extent is
dependent on soil fertility.
Source: McCarthy et al. 2010 New Phytologist
22. Oak Ridge (ORNL) Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE)
Experiments (L. styraciflua)
Elevated CO2
Ambient CO2
• Early large increase in NPP response to CO2
• Increased NPP was not sustained
• Soil N availability declined faster under elevated CO2
Source: Norby et al. 2010 PNAS
23. Forest Response to Elevated CO2
Median NPP stimulation of 23±2 %
Populus tremuloides
P. trem/B. papyrifera
P. alba
P. nigra
P. x euramericana
Pinus taeda
L. styraciflua
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
NPPa (g C m-2)
NPPe (g C m-2)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
Source: Norby et al.2005 PNAS; Norby and Zak 2011
At high LAI,
enhancement
due to increased
light use
efficiency (i.e.
photosynthesis)
At low LAI,
enhancement due
to increased light
absorption
24. Will increasing atmospheric CO2 increase carbon
sequestration under all circumstances and/or alter carbon
cycling?
Biomass
550 ppm CO2 - Scenario I
Present
550 ppm CO2 - Scenario II
Increase Initial growth rate, carrying capacity, or both?
Groninger et al. 1999
25. Do forest use less water under
elevated CO2?
• Theory suggests that rising CO2 concentrations
should decrease stomatal conductance and reduce
forest water use.
• Direct effects of elevated CO2 on canopy or stand
water use are more difficult to assess.
• Data indicates that closed-canopy forests reduce
water use 4-11% under elevated CO2
• Response in younger stands is uncertain
26. Fecundity and Pest
Relationships
• Elevated CO2 increased seed production (Duke), flowering, and
seed mass, germination rate, and seedling vigor (Rhinelander).
• Resin production is important for
defense against bark beetles
• Duke FACE – increased elevated CO2
enhanced resin flow in loblolly pine
• Hypothesis: elevated CO2 increases photosynthesis more than
growth; therefore extra carbohydrate supply will be invested in
reproduction and defensive compounds
Source: Novick et al. 2012 Tree Phys.
Resin flow
27. Competitive
Relationships
• Species and genotypes express differences in the degree of
response to elevated CO2 that could affect competitive relationships.
• Base on a comparison of 18 FACE experiments, forest ecosystems
appear to be more responsive to CO2 than grassland ecosystems.
• Invasive species?
Source: Nowak et al. 2002
28. Summary of Elevated CO2 Research
• Rising atmospheric CO2 will likely
increase forest productivity in southern
forests
• The magnitude of this response will be
limited by resource availability
(nitrogen and water)
Biomass
550 ppm CO2 - Scenario I
Present
• Forest may use less water under certain conditions
• Competitive relationships?
• Increased carbohydrate availability under elevated CO2
may impart increased forest resilience:
– Increased production of secondary defensive compounds
– Increased fecundity
550 ppmCO2 - Scenario II
Time
29. Management Implications
• Should a forest manager base management decisions based on the certainty of rising CO2
concentrations? Probably not directly.
• Management decisions (e.g. species, genotypes, fertilization, weed control), environmental
variability, and disease will likely have a much larger impact on forest growth than elevated
CO2.
• However, the potential positive effects of CO2 should not be ignored.
– Forest process models suggest potential increases of 20% over the next 30 years from
elevated CO2
– Leverage CO2 fertilization effect through good silviculture
– Increase the efficiency of fertilizer use, primarily nitrogen
– Good weed control
– Maintain soil organic matter
– Utilize genetically improve seedlings (MCP, varietals)
Good Forest Management is Good Carbon Management