This document discusses management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a system that provides information needed to manage organizations effectively. MIS are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities. The key components of information systems are discussed including software, hardware, telecommunications, people, procedures, and data. The four stages of processing data into information are also outlined. Some ethical and societal issues with information systems are raised. The types and uses of MIS in customer relationship management are briefly described. An overview of the history and evolution of business information systems from the 1970s to present is provided. The future of artificial intelligence in executive information systems is mentioned. Finally, the roles of information systems in different business functions like accounting, finance,

1. Submitted To: Submitted By:Dr. Harshvardhan Halve Amrita Pandey(201002AlokPaliwal(201002Akshay Gupta(201002AkhilAgarwal(2010022)AkankshaPahwa(2010021)AdityaVikramMehra(2010020)

2. What is Management Information System? MIS is a system that provides information needed to manage the organizations effectively. They are regarded to be the subset of the overall internal control procedures, in a business, which covers the application of people, documents, technologies and procedures used by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business wide strategy. Management information systems are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization.

3. Data, information and Systems Data: is a fact, number, statement or a picture that is “given”. It is the raw material in the production of information. Information: is the data after manipulation, that has meaning within a context. Systems: a set of components that work together to achieve a common goal. Often a system has several sub-systems. A system can be open or closed, depending on the nature of information flow in the system.

4. Characteristics of useful information Relevant:the information must be pertaining to the problem at hand. Complete: partial information is often worse than no information. Accurate: erroneous information might lead to disastrous decisions. Current: decisions should be based on the latest information available, because what was a fact yesterday might no longer be one today. Economical: in business setting ,the cost of obtaining information must be considered as one cost element involved in any decision.

5. Four stages of processing Input: collecting and entering the data into the information system. Data Processing: here the data is manipulated into information using mathematical, statistical and other tools. Output: the information is displayed or presented. Storage: data and information are maintained for later use.

8. SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE Computer software, is the collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do and how to do it Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and related devices. Internal hardware parts of a computer are often referred to as components. External hardware devices are usually called peripherals

9. TELECOMMUNICATIONS Science and technology associated, in general, with communications at a distance. A telecommunications system requires a analog or digital transmitter, a compatible receiver, and a physical (cable or wire) or non-physical (wireless) connection

10. PEOPLE Information systems professionals who analyze organizational information needs, design and build information systems, prepare computer programs

11. PROCEDURES Procedures refers to rules for achieving optimal and secure operations in data processing

12. DATA Data refers to representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or by automatic means

13. Types of Management Information System

22. Analyses Buying Patterns Maintain Customer Records Customer Relationship Improve Quality of Customer Service Predicts switching of customer

23. Business info system-past , present and future PRESENT Year - 1970’s Main activities - Mainframe computers were used Computers and data were centralized Main focus was to automate existing process Skills required - Programming in COBOL Systems were tied to a few business functions: payroll, inventory, billing

24. Year - 1980s Main activities - PCs and LANs are installed. Departments set up own computer systems makes departments less dependent on the IT department. End-user computing with Word Processors and Spreadsheets. Main focus is automating existing processes. Skills required - PC support, basic networking

25. Year - 1990s Main activities - No more stand-Wide Area Networks (WANs) become corporatestandards. Senior management looks for system integration and dataintegration . No more stand-alone systems. Main focus is central control and corporate learning Skills required - Network support, systems integration, database administration

26. Year - 2000s Main activities - Wide Area Networks expand via the Internet to includeglobalenterprises and business partners supply chainand distribution. Senior management looks for data sharing across systems. Main focus is efficiencies and speed in inventory, manufacturing, distribution. Skills required - Network support, systems integration

27. Present Dynamic business environment Modern business organizations become more and more dependent on their information systems to deal with the complexity and changeability of the context (markets) in which they operate and consequently their internal organization structures. Developments like dynamic cooperation networks, mass customization of products and services, and end-to-end process control require automated means to control operational business processes, for the simple reason that humans cannot oversee the entire operation in an efficient and effective way anymore Consequently, business requirements to information systems increase at a dazzling pace.

28. Technological advances Developments in information technology range from basic computing technology via communication technology and a broad spectrum of data and process management technology to complete frameworks for enterprise information systems and e-business systems. Consequently, technology push forces have a major influence on current developments

29. FUTURE Artificial intelligence The future executive information systems will become diverse because of integrating potential new applications and technology into the systems, such as incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and integrating multimedia characteristics making it - timely, efficient and effective in supporting the decision making process.

30. Information system in business functions IS’s serve various purpose throughout the organization in different business functional areas- Accounting – Information system helps record business transactions, produce periodic financial statements, and create reports required by law, such as balance sheet and profit- and-loss statement. Accounting ISs contain controls to ascertain adherence to standard: such as double entry

31. Finance Finance information system help organize budgets, manage cash flow, analyze investments, and make decisions that could reduce interest payments and increase revenues from financial transactions.

32. Marketing Marketing information system help analyze demand for various products in different region and population groups in order to more accurately market the right product to right producer. Marketing ISs provide information that helps management decides how many sales representatives to assign to specific products in specific geographical area

33. Human Resource Human resource information system help in record- keeping and employee evaluation. HR management system have evolved to serve many purposes such as recruiting, selection. Placement, benefit analysis. Online benefit information for employee to access through the intranet, requirement project and other services

39. Important to provide improved quality at lower prices

42. Speedy and effective communication

45. Remote users could extract business transactions from corporate databases

46. Conserve the WAN bandwidth and schedule database queries at night

47. Setup a data warehouse :

48. Facilitate information retrieval from corporate databases

50. 4K-microprocessor smart card used at retail outlets across the country.

52. Made it easier for them to track the position of their inventory

53. Benefits of Information System and ERP @ Qualitative benefits: #Employees constantly connected to each other and to the outside world #Building employee skills and competencies #Communication costs reduced drastically #Provide Security of information. #Allowed the company to retain existing customers and attract new customers. #Cash management become easier. @ Quantitative benefits: #Increase its share of I&C customers from 14.9% in 2000 to 15.8% in 2001 #BPCL's revenues grew by 2.28% in 2000-01, even as the revenues of the petroleum industry declined by 3.4%