The document discusses data, information, and systems. It defines data as facts without context, while information is data that has been analyzed and given meaning and context. An information system takes raw data as input, processes it, and produces information as output. The document also describes the four stages of data processing as input, processing, output, and feedback. Finally, it discusses different types of information systems from operational to strategic levels.

1. MIS

2. Data, Information and Systems
Data
 A given fact , a number, a statement, or a picture
 Represents something in the real world
 Data are sets of discrete objective facts, presented
without judgment or context
 The raw materials in the production of information

3. Data, Information and Systems
Information
 Data that have meaning within a context
 Data in relationships
 Data after manipulation
 Data become information when they are categorized,
analyzed, summarized and placed in context,
becoming intelligible to the recipient.

4. Data, Information and Systems
Data Manipulation
Example: Customer Survey
 Reading through data collected from a customer
survey with questions in various categories would be
time-consuming and not very helpful.
 When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful
information

5. Data, Information and Systems
Generating Information
 Computer-based Information System take data as raw
material, process it, and produce information as output.

6. Data, Information and Systems
Information is Critical
 The information we have is not what we want,
 The information we want is not the
information we need
 The information we need is not available.

7. Data, Information and Systems
Why need Information?
 To ensure effective and efficient decision –
making leading to prosperity of the
Organization.

8. Data, Information and Systems
The Four Stages of Data Processing
 Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.
 Data processing: Data is manipulated into information
using mathematical, statistical, and other tools.
 Output: Information is displayed or presented.
 Feedback: Output that is used to make changes to input
or processing activities

9. Data, Information and Systems
University
 Inputs: Students, Faculty, Textbooks
 Processes: Education/Courses
 Output: graduates
 Feedback: surveys, grades

10. Data, Information and Systems
Toyota Plant
 Inputs: raw materials, components
 Processes: assembly line
 Output: mini-vans
 Feedback: customer surveys, quality reports

11. Data, Information and Systems
What is a system?
 A set of components that interact to accomplish goals
What is an IS?
 A set of interrelated components that collect input,
process, and output data and information and provide
a feedback/control mechanism
What is a MIS?
 An IS that uses IT. Components: hardware, software,
databases, networks, people, procedures

12. Historic Development AI
Artificial Intelligence
KS/ES
Knowledge / Expert System
ESS
Executive Support System
DSS
Decision Support System
MIS
Management Information System
OAS
Office Automation System
TPS
Transaction Processing System

13. Management Information System
The three sub-components – MIS
- together bring out the focus clearly & effectively.
 System emphasizing a fair degree of Integration and a
holistic view
 Information stressing on processed data in the context in
which it is used by the end user
 Management focusing on the ultimate use of such
information systems for managerial decision making

14. Management Information System
Support of
Strategic Advantage
Support of
Managerial
Decision Making
Support of
Business Operations

15. Management Information System
Strategic
Level
Management Level
Knowledge Level
Operational Level

16. Operational Level
 Information System which monitors the
elementary activities and transaction of the
organization.

17. Transaction Processing System Eg.
Operational Level System
 Sales & Marketing
 Order Tracking & Order Processing
 Manufacturing
 Plant Scheduling & Material Movement Control
 Finance
 Securities Trading & Cash Management
 Accounting
 Payroll, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable
 Human Resource
 Compensation Training & Development & employee record
keeping

18. Knowledge Level System
 Information System that support knowledge
and data workers in an organization

19. Knowledge Level System Eg.
 Engineering Workstation & Word Processing
 Graphic Workstation & Document Imaging
 Managerial Workstation & Electronic Calendars

20. Management Information System
Management Level System
 Information System which support the
monitoring controlling decision making and
administrative activities of middle
management.

21. Management Information System Eg.
Sales & Marketing
 Sales Management & Sales Region Analysis
Manufacturing
 Inventory Control & Production Scheduling
Finance
 Annual Budgeting & Cost Analysis
Accounting
 Capital Investment Analysis & Profitability/Pricing
Analysis

22. Strategic Level System
 Information System that supports the long
range planning activities of senior managers

23. Strategic Level System Eg.
Executive Support System
Sales & Marketing
 5 Year Sales trend forecast
Manufacturing
 5 Year operational plan
Finance
 5 Year budgeting forecast
Accounting
 Profit Planning