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Minerals
This document discusses several important minerals for human health including calcium, iron, phosphorus, and zinc. It provides information on their sources, roles in the body, deficiency symptoms, and significance. Specifically, it notes that calcium is essential for bone growth and health and is found in dairy products. Iron deficiency can cause anemia and fatigue and is obtained from meat, eggs, and leafy greens. Phosphorus is vital for bone structure and cell processes and is present in dairy, while zinc supports immune function and healing and is found in seafood, nuts and dairy. The document emphasizes the wide-ranging effects of mineral deficiencies on physical and mental well-being.
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Minerals
- 1. Chapter # 21 XIIFDC Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 2. Minerals of Biological Significance PreparedBy: Sidra Javed
- 3. Minerals Inorganic elementsessential to the nutrition of humans 5% human body weight is mineral matter Vital to all mental & physical processes Play several key roles in overall health and well being Help chemical reactions take place in cells Help muscles contract Keep the heart beating Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 4. Minerals constitutes Teeth Bones Tissues & Muscles Blood Nerve cells Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 5. Minerals are necessaryfor Transmission of messages through nervous system Digestion Metabolism Utilization of all nutrients in foods Absorption of Vitamins Ca is needed for Vitamin C Zn for Vitamin A Mg for Vitamin B Complex Se for Vitamin E Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 6. Minerals are categorizedas: Major Minerals Sodium Potassium Chloride Calcium Magnesium Phosphorous Trace Elements Iron Zinc Copper Chromium Fluoride Iodine Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 7. Calcium Most abundantmineral in body Bone Growth & Formation Blood Clotting Nerve and Muscle Functioning Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 8. Calcium Sources: Milk Yogurt Cheese Egg yolk Beans Nuts Green vegetables Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 9. Calcium - Deficiency Arm and Leg muscles spasms Softening of bones Back and leg cramps Brittle bones Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 10. Calcium - Deficiency Rickets Poor Growth Osteoporosis Tooth decay Mental Depression Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 11. Significance of Calcium PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Six stable isotopes Calcium 40 – 97% abundance Calcium 46 – 0.003% abundance 96% of total body Calcium – Skeleton & Teeth 1% body Calcium – Blood & Soft Tissues
- 12. Significance of Calcium PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Integrity of whole body system depends upon Vitamin D status Deficiency of Vitamin D will cause Loss of its calcaemic actions Decreased in ionized Calcium Secondary Hyperthyroidism Hypophosphataemia Rickets Osteomalacia Deficiency of Calcium Osteoporosis
- 13. Major Functions ofCalcium are: Prepared By: Sidra Javed Structural function Stores in bones / skeleton Electrophysiological Carries charges during an action potential across membrane Intracellular regulator As a Cofactor for extracellular enzymes and regulatory proteins
- 14. Iron Combine withProtein and Copper to make Hemoglobin Involves in transfer of Oxygen from lungs to the tissues Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 15. Iron Sources RedMeat Egg yolk Whole wheat Fish Spinach Mustard Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 16. Iron - Deficiency Weakness & Fatigue Paleness of skin Constipation Anemia Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 17. Significance of Iron PreparedBy: Sidra Javed For the prevention of Fatigue: Iron is needed to make Hemoglobin rich blood Transports oxygen to cells Production of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Cellular Energy and proper cell functioning
- 18. Significance of Iron PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Loss of iron during Exercise Through sweat & Through bleeding of digestive tract from harsh movements 34% Female and 8% Male Runners are Iron Deficient
- 19. Significance of Iron PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Requirement in Pregnancy Proper placenta development Prevention of pre-term and low birth weight babies 58% pregnant women are iron deficient
- 20. Significance of Iron PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Requirement for Children – Pediatric Essential during the first 8 months for brain development Effects of anemia Developmental delays in both motor & cognitive skills
- 21. Significance of Iron PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Deficiency Treatment Duration Six months to restore low iron stores Sufficient quantities of iron must be used Untreated deficiency may lead to serious conditions
- 22. Significance of Iron PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Role of iron in Metabolic Activities Oxygen transport in the blood – hemoglobin Enzymes which performs cellular oxidation Iron Rich organs Liver & spleen Iron is also present in: Bones Medulla Kidneys Intestines
- 23. Phosphorous Second mostabundant mineral in body Principal mineral of bones and teeth Involved in different metabolic activities Kidney functioning Cell growth Contraction of heart muscles Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 24. Phosphorous Sources Eggyolk Cheese Milk Cabbage Prepared By: Sidra Javed
- 25. Phosphorous - Deficiency PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Painful Bones Irregular breathing Fatigue Anxiety Numbness Skin sensitivity Changes in body weight
- 26. Significance of Phosphorus PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Human body contains 1lb (454 g) Phosphorus Component of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Found in blood, muscles, nerves and in Calcium phosphate – Bones and Teeth Organic Phosphate, ferric phosphate and Calcium phosphate are added to foods Dicalcium Phosphate is added to animal food
- 27. Functions of Phosphorus PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Formation of Bones & Teeth Utilization of Carbohydrates & Fats Synthesis of Protein for Growth, maintenance and Repair of cells Production of ATP – energy source of cells
- 28. Functions of Phosphorus PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Works with Vitamin B complex Contraction of muscles Kidney Functions Maintains regular heart beat Nerve Conduction
- 29. Zinc Prepared By: SidraJaved Vital to immune resistance Wound healing Digestion Reproduction Physical Growth Diabetes control Taste and smell Maintaining normal Vitamin A levels and usage Co-factor for more than 70 enzymes
- 30. Zinc Prepared By: SidraJaved Source Oyster Red Meat Chicken Beans Nuts Dairy products Sea Foods
- 31. Zinc - Deficiency PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Poor Growth Acne-like rashes Hair loss Diarrhea Delayed sexual Maturation Impotence Sterility Loss of appetite Reduced sense of taste and smell
- 32. Zinc - Deficiency PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Eye lesions Skin lesions & inflammation Poor wound healing Reduced Resistance to infections Mental Confusion Poor learning ability Changes in hairs & nails Anemia
- 33. Significance of Zinc PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Most important of all minerals Works with more than 100 enzymes Removal of Zinc can cause: Loss of metabolic activity Acrodermatitis Enteropathica – a genetic disorder with Zinc malabsorption Severe Deficiency of Zinc Impairments of dermal (skin) Gastrointestinal Neurologic Immunologic system
- 34. Loss of Zinc PreparedBy: Sidra Javed Through Gastrointestinal Tract Almost half of total body zinc is lost Considered amount of zinc is secreted through bile Most of it is reabsorbed An important point in regulation of Zinc levels in body Through Urine Through surfaces Desquamated skin Hairs Sweat
- 35. Prepared by, SidraJaved Prepared By: Sidra Javed