MIMO stands for multiple input multiple output and is a key technology used in 4G LTE-A networks. It multiplies the capacity of radio links by using multiple transmit and receive antennas to exploit space diversity. MIMO employs multiple transmitter antennas and multiple receiver antennas described by MxN configurations, with LTE supporting up to 4x4 and LTE-A up to 8x8. There are three main types of MIMO configurations: SISO with one transmit and receive antenna and no diversity; SIMO with one transmit antenna and multiple receive antennas for reception diversity; and MISO with multiple transmit antennas and one receive antenna for transmit diversity.
Overview about MIMO
Contents:
Diversity Definition
Why Diversity
Types of Diversity
Types of combining
MIMO Definition
Why MIMO ?
MIMO Advantages and disadvantages
Applications of MIMO
Overview about MIMO
Contents:
Diversity Definition
Why Diversity
Types of Diversity
Types of combining
MIMO Definition
Why MIMO ?
MIMO Advantages and disadvantages
Applications of MIMO
Professor Mark Beach's presentation (without videos) on the University of Bristol's Massive MIMO activities as given at the IET's 'Towards 5G Mobile Technology – Vision to Reality' event, January 25th 2017.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM uses a large number of narrow sub-carriers for multi-carrier transmission to overcome the effect of multi path fading problem. LTE uses OFDM for the downlink, from base station to terminal to transmit the data over many narrow band careers of 180 KHz each instead of spreading one signal over the complete 5MHz career bandwidth. OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for very wide carriers with high peak rates.
The primary advantage of OFDM over single-carrier schemes is its ability to cope with severe channel conditions. Channel equalization is simplified. The low symbol rate makes the use of a guard interval between symbols affordable, making it possible to eliminate inter symbol interference (ISI).
Massive MIMO (also known as “Large-Scale Antenna Systems”, “Very Large MIMO”, “Hyper MIMO”, “Full-Dimension MIMO” and “ARGOS”) makes a clean break with current practice through the use of a large excess of service-antennas over active terminals and time division duplex operation. Extra antennas help by focusing energy into ever-smaller regions of space to bring huge improvements in throughput and radiated energy efficiency. Other benefits of massive MIMO include the extensive use of inexpensive low-power components, reduced latency, simplification of the media access control (MAC) layer, and robustness to intentional jamming. The anticipated throughput depend on the propagation environment providing asymptotically orthogonal channels to the terminals, but so far experiments have not disclosed any limitations in this regard. While massive MIMO renders many traditional research problems irrelevant, it uncovers entirely new problems that urgently need attention: the challenge of making many low-cost low-precision components that work effectively together, acquisition and synchronization for newly-joined terminals, the exploitation of extra degrees of freedom provided by the excess of service-antennas, reducing internal power consumption to achieve total energy efficiency reductions, and finding new deployment scenarios.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) 5G Training - Tonex TrainingBryan Len
Length: 3 Days
5G Wireless utilizing NOMA training covers the major 5G remote interchanges including, channels, antennas, propagation, 3GPP New Radio (NR), Next Generation (NexGen), issues encompassing rising 5G remote LAN and cell/backhaul applications.
5G Technologies Using NOMA Training covers ideas, administrations, technologies and network segments behind 5G remote. Discover how 5G remote networks will be a lot more intelligent and quicker than 4G. New patterns, for example, machine-to-machine correspondence, self-driving vehicles, keen urban areas, associated society, Internet of Things (IoT), communicate like administrations, life saver interchanges in the midst of normal disaster will be a piece of the new 5G wireless services.
Learning Objectives:
Upon completion of this course, the attendees can:
Describe what 5G is
Describe what Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is
Describe different modulation techniques in mobile communication
Describe power-level modulation
Describe key metrics for evaluation of modulation techniques
Describe advantages and disadvantages of NOMA
Compare and contrast orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and NOMA
Describe methods to implement OMA and NOMA
Describe ongoing research areas for NOMA implementation
List the 5G wireless features and their benefits (5G wireless communication networks)
Describe key 5G technology drivers and enablers of 5G
List 5G technology candidates in RAN/radio, transport, core networks, interoperability and services
List 5G Wireless Use Cases & User-Driven 5G Requirements
Describe ITU 5G standards (IMT2020) along with NGMN alliance and 3GPP and more…
Course content / agenda:
What is 5G Wireless Communication?
5G Wireless Requirements, Applications, and Services
5G Vision
Fundamental Communications Concepts for NOMA Modulation Fundamentals
Analog Modulation
Digital Modulation
Demodulation
Detection
5G Wireless Air Interface
5G and NOMA
NOMA Classification Types
NOMA technology basics
Performance Characterization of NOMA
Request more information regarding 5G and NOMA. Visit tonex.com for course and workshop detail.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) 5G Training - Tonex Training
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/non-orthogonal-multiple-access-noma-training-future-5g-technologies/
NOTE: The slides contain the visual effects. So for complete information download the presentation and view it in slideshow mode.
Description of Non-orthogonal Multiple access in 5G networks Detailed discussion on downlink NOMA scenario and future challenges and trends.
Professor Mark Beach's presentation (without videos) on the University of Bristol's Massive MIMO activities as given at the IET's 'Towards 5G Mobile Technology – Vision to Reality' event, January 25th 2017.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM uses a large number of narrow sub-carriers for multi-carrier transmission to overcome the effect of multi path fading problem. LTE uses OFDM for the downlink, from base station to terminal to transmit the data over many narrow band careers of 180 KHz each instead of spreading one signal over the complete 5MHz career bandwidth. OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for very wide carriers with high peak rates.
The primary advantage of OFDM over single-carrier schemes is its ability to cope with severe channel conditions. Channel equalization is simplified. The low symbol rate makes the use of a guard interval between symbols affordable, making it possible to eliminate inter symbol interference (ISI).
Massive MIMO (also known as “Large-Scale Antenna Systems”, “Very Large MIMO”, “Hyper MIMO”, “Full-Dimension MIMO” and “ARGOS”) makes a clean break with current practice through the use of a large excess of service-antennas over active terminals and time division duplex operation. Extra antennas help by focusing energy into ever-smaller regions of space to bring huge improvements in throughput and radiated energy efficiency. Other benefits of massive MIMO include the extensive use of inexpensive low-power components, reduced latency, simplification of the media access control (MAC) layer, and robustness to intentional jamming. The anticipated throughput depend on the propagation environment providing asymptotically orthogonal channels to the terminals, but so far experiments have not disclosed any limitations in this regard. While massive MIMO renders many traditional research problems irrelevant, it uncovers entirely new problems that urgently need attention: the challenge of making many low-cost low-precision components that work effectively together, acquisition and synchronization for newly-joined terminals, the exploitation of extra degrees of freedom provided by the excess of service-antennas, reducing internal power consumption to achieve total energy efficiency reductions, and finding new deployment scenarios.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) 5G Training - Tonex TrainingBryan Len
Length: 3 Days
5G Wireless utilizing NOMA training covers the major 5G remote interchanges including, channels, antennas, propagation, 3GPP New Radio (NR), Next Generation (NexGen), issues encompassing rising 5G remote LAN and cell/backhaul applications.
5G Technologies Using NOMA Training covers ideas, administrations, technologies and network segments behind 5G remote. Discover how 5G remote networks will be a lot more intelligent and quicker than 4G. New patterns, for example, machine-to-machine correspondence, self-driving vehicles, keen urban areas, associated society, Internet of Things (IoT), communicate like administrations, life saver interchanges in the midst of normal disaster will be a piece of the new 5G wireless services.
Learning Objectives:
Upon completion of this course, the attendees can:
Describe what 5G is
Describe what Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is
Describe different modulation techniques in mobile communication
Describe power-level modulation
Describe key metrics for evaluation of modulation techniques
Describe advantages and disadvantages of NOMA
Compare and contrast orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and NOMA
Describe methods to implement OMA and NOMA
Describe ongoing research areas for NOMA implementation
List the 5G wireless features and their benefits (5G wireless communication networks)
Describe key 5G technology drivers and enablers of 5G
List 5G technology candidates in RAN/radio, transport, core networks, interoperability and services
List 5G Wireless Use Cases & User-Driven 5G Requirements
Describe ITU 5G standards (IMT2020) along with NGMN alliance and 3GPP and more…
Course content / agenda:
What is 5G Wireless Communication?
5G Wireless Requirements, Applications, and Services
5G Vision
Fundamental Communications Concepts for NOMA Modulation Fundamentals
Analog Modulation
Digital Modulation
Demodulation
Detection
5G Wireless Air Interface
5G and NOMA
NOMA Classification Types
NOMA technology basics
Performance Characterization of NOMA
Request more information regarding 5G and NOMA. Visit tonex.com for course and workshop detail.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) 5G Training - Tonex Training
https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/non-orthogonal-multiple-access-noma-training-future-5g-technologies/
NOTE: The slides contain the visual effects. So for complete information download the presentation and view it in slideshow mode.
Description of Non-orthogonal Multiple access in 5G networks Detailed discussion on downlink NOMA scenario and future challenges and trends.
Min input and min output of the system can be conduct by the process of interest in the process of view of synchronisation and software Engineer at the system can be a good idea for this colour combination of view of the best part of the system can be conduct by the process of view till now I'm interested for the system based engineering and technology related issues in college and software engineer h today’s increasing demand for security, especially in public places such as
airports, train stations, supermarkets, schools, and crowded street, surveillance cameras are
used for monitoring daily activities and detecting abnormal events. This task focuses on the
localization of anomalies using both temporal and partial information in videos. Anomalies
can be defined as events deviating from normal behavior [1], e.g., fighting, sneaking,
or unattended bags at an airport. The purpose of using surveillance cameras is the early
detection of anomalous human behaviors. This is a critical task in many cases where human
intervention is necessary, e.g., for crime prevention or countering terrorism. However,
this process requires labor-intensive and continuous human attention, which is a tedious
process, since abnormal events only happen 0.01% of the time and 99.9% of the surveillance
time is wasted [2]. Moreover, a surveillance system produces a lot of redundant video data,
which require unnecessary storage space. For reducing human errors and storage costs, it
is necessary to build an efficient surveillance system for detecting any strange behaviors
that may lead to dangerous situations. This requires deep and comprehensive study of
human activity recognition, to understand the features representative of each action.
Anomaly detection in video has a wide range of applications, such as for traffic
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detecting anomalous items or abandoned objects, such as guns or knifes, is necessary in
sensitive area
MIMO technology is to improve communication quality by using multiple transmitting antennas and receiving antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end respectively.
All of us have lofty expectations for 5G wireless technology.
Massive growth in demand for mobile data...
Massive growth in the number of connected devices...
Massive change in data transfer rates and latency...
Massive explosion in the diversity of mobile applications...
Massive....Massive....Massive....this word is frequently used like never before.
Delivering all these expectations depends on the evolution of existing technologies and revolution in new technologies.
One such revolutionary change is the use of massive multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems in 5G for different frequency ranges.
Interested to understand and learn what mMIMO means?!
If yes, here is some massive theoretical information on Massive MIMO.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
2. MIMO
*It stands for multiple input multiple
output
*It is one of the enabling technology of
4G (LTE-A) .
*it is a method for multiplying the
capacity of a radio link using multiple
transmit and receive antennas to
exploit
3. It is space diversity*
*it employs multiple antennas at the
transmitter and multiple antenna at the
receiver
•*It is described by M*N antennas
configurations practically in
•--LTE up to 4*4
-- LTE-A up to 8*8
•
6. SISO
*Means single input single output i.e
1*1 antenna configuration using one
antenna at transmission and one
antenna at reception .it means( no
diversity ) .
7. SIMO
*means single input multi output i.e
using one antenna at transmission and
multiple antennas at reception i.e 1*M
i.e. (reception diversity).
8. MISO
*means multi input single output i.e
using multiple antennas at transmission
and one antenna at reception i.e N*1 (
transmit diversity )
