Massive MIMO is an antenna technology that uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve spectral and energy efficiency. It allows communication with multiple devices simultaneously, decreasing wait times and dramatically increasing network speeds. The key benefits of massive MIMO are high spectral and energy efficiency, more reliable signals, boosted capacity and coverage, high data rates, and the ability to serve many users simultaneously through beamforming. However, massive MIMO systems require more hardware resources and power while also being more costly than single antenna systems.

1. Massive MIMO
Prepared by: Hassan Mohammed Hassan Aghbary
University of Aden, Faculty of Engineering
Republic of Yemen
University of Aden
Faculty of Engineering
Electronic and Communication Engineering

2. Acknowledgement
Thanks to Almighty ALLAH for giving me strength and ability to
understand learn and complete this seminar.
For the ancestors who paved the path before me upon whose shoulders
I stand. This is also dedicated to my family especially my father and the many
friends who supported me on this journey. Thank you.

3. What is Massive MIMO?
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is an antenna technology for wireless
communications in which multiple antennas are used at both the source
(transmitter) and the destination (receiver) to improve spectral and energy
efficiency.
Figure 1 block diagram

4. Forms of single / multiple antenna are defined as below:
SISO - Single Input Single Output
Figure 2 SISO - Single Input Single Output
SIMO – Single Input Multiple Output
Figure 3 SIMO - Single Input Multiple Output
MISO – Multiple Input Single Output
MIMO – Multiple Input Multiple Output
Figure 4 MISO - Multiple Input Single Output
Figure 5 MIMO - Multiple Input Multiple Output

5. Single User MIMO Vs Multi User MIMO:
SU-MIMO (Single User MIMO)
Transmits multiple streams using multiple antennas and all the streams are directed to single
device. This is referred as Single user MIMO (All streams to one user).
Figure 6 Single User MIMO

6. MU-MIMO (Multi User MIMO)
allows to communicate with multiple devices simultaneously. This decreases the
time each device has to wait for a signal and dramatically speeds up your network.
Figure 7 Multi User MIMO

7. Benefits of Massive MIMO:
* High spectral and energy efficiency
* More signal path
* High reliability
* Boost capacity and coverage
* High data rate
* Large number of users are served simultaneously
* The techniques of beamforming when employed in massive MIMO
system helps in achieving extension of cell coverage
* The system with massive MIMO offer high QoS (Quality of Services)
* Help in supporting large number of subscriber per cell

8. Challenges of Massive MIMO:
* The hardware resources increase power requirements
* MIMO based systems cost higher compare to single antenna based system
due to increased hardware and advanced software requirements.