A quick review of some major developments in Medicine. I wrote a chapter in a book about medical discoveries in the 20th century. Here is a glimpse.

1. MILESTONES IN MEDICINE
WALID MAANI
THE UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN

2. Milestones In Medicine?
Difficult to choose.
Advances in 20th. Century
equal all what happened
since
the creation of man

3. You may wonder what had WW 1 to do with
Neurosurgery?

4. Or what’s its connection with the
Paris Peace Conference 0n 27.5.1919?

5. Egas Moniz
(1874 – 1955)
Prof. Of Neurology
, Lisbon
Foreign Minister of
Portugal
Nobel Prize Winner
1949
He was the one who invented cerebral angiography and
performed the first lobotomy on psychiatric patients

6. ANGIOGRAPHY remained the mainstay of diagnostic tools for
most neurosurgical problems until CT was invented, and is only
reserved for vascular problems now
Angiography
is used in
addition in
Cardiology
Vascular
Surgery
Kidney
Surgery
Tumor
Surgery

7. A simple procedure which may save lives
A catheter to inject the dye A digital X-ray machine
SELDINGER

8. Without angiography
 Many would have  Many would have
died following cardiac died following clotting
angina of their veins
 Many would have  Many would have
died following died following kidney
cerebral bleeding artery disease
 Many would have
suffered limb
amputation

9. You wonder what had The Beatles to do with
Neurosurgery?

10. Or what’s their connection to this
Hospital?

11. Electric and Musical Industries (EMI) Ltd
Company, Hayes, UK
Atkinson Morley’s
The Beatles Hospital
 The money  Served as the site
earned by the were G. Hounsfield
company from and J. Ambrose
proceedings of worked to invent the
the sale of the first Computerized
Beatles’ records Axial Tomography
under the music machine called EMI to
label EMI, were take images of the
br ai n
collected

12. I nvent or s of t he C scan i n 1973
T
(Fi r st cal l ed EM scan)
I
James Ambrose Godfrey Hounsfield

13. C put er i zed t om aphy (C
om ogr T)
Allowed doctors to: Helped doctors to:
 See inside the body for the  Do minimally invasive
first time procedures by guiding
 Follow the progress of needles inside body organs
tumors inside the body  Direct radiotherapy at
 Screen people for disease small targets in body
organs

14. I bet when you visited the Egyptian
Museum, you did not think it had any
connection to Neurosurgery

15. The Edwin Smith Papyrus
Old Egyptians Old Egyptians
 Evacuated the brain  Did simple surgeries on
substance from the dead the skull like treatment of
people in the process of wounds and fractures
mummification through a and did trepanation
hole in the base of the (making holes) in the
skull skull to remove blood

16. And you still do not know what had the old Egyptians
to do with Neurosurgery?

17. In 1906 Harvey Cushing performed the 1st.
trans sphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors
The Pituitary Gland The instrument

18. Trans sphenoidal surgery
Using the
same old
route.
Quick surgery
Short stay in
hospital
Very few
complications

19. You never thought that there could be any
relation between a sheep and an egg

20. Louise Brown The 1st test tube baby (born 25
July 1978)
 Born in Oldham, UK
 Not a test tube baby
 But a Petri dish baby
 Patrick Steptoe and
Robert Edwards were
the doctors to do this.
Now IVF is practiced
daily.

21. Dolly the sheep (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003)
 Ian Wilmut, Keith
Campbell and
colleagues at
the Roslin Institute
in
Edinburgh, Scotland
 A cell taken from a
specific part of the
body could recreate
a whole individual.

22. But then artificial fertilization of eggs (ova) and
manipulating cell from animals lead to
IVF CLONING
 Fertilizing human ova in  Reproducing tissues and
the lab and then animals lead to the
implanting them in the improvement of breeds
womb solved the and preservation of
problems of childless endangered species
couples
 1% of all pregnancies in
the USA use IVF

23. Who was from South Africa and was more
famous than Mandela then?
In Cape Dead and Al i ve
Town, SOUTH
AFRICA
Denise Darvell
died on
3.12.1967
Louis
Washkansky
was dying on
3.12.1967

24. On that same night of (3.12.1967) Christian Bernard
became the most famous surgeon in the world
The Surgeon What for?
 He took the heart of the
dead Denise and
transplanted it into the
dying Louis.
 Louis lived 18 days and
cardiac transplantation
was born

25. Oh..what a feeling…
IN 1985, THIS SURGEON JORDAN BECAME
THE 6TH COUNTRY
IN THE WORLD
TO PERFORM
HEART
TRANSPLANT

26. Since then..man invented artificial hearts
In 1982 the Jarvik 7 artificial heart was made

27. and implanted them inside patients
Dr. William DeVries in 1982 Implanted the Jarvik 7 heart

28. Better health..more people..less resources
BETTER HEALTH BETTER HEALTH
 Better maternal health  Better supply of clean
 Safer deliveries water
 Immunization  Better sewage disposal
 Better child health  Better education

29. Regulating population growth
Margaret Sanger 1952-1960
 Financed research
by 150.000 $ from
her own money
resulting in the
manufacturing of
the Oral
Contraceptive Pill
(OCP)

30. Regulating population growth
Howard Tatum 1968
 Worked on earlier
designs of the intra
uterine device (IUD)
to manufacture the
Copper-T (Tatum-T)
device which is
being used till today

31. WE COULD GO ON FOR HOURS……
THANK YOU