- Microsoft Windows is a series of graphical interface operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. It introduced the concept of using a mouse and iconic windows to drive a computer's graphical user interface. - Early versions included Windows 1.0 in 1985, Windows 2.0 in 1987, and Windows 3.0 in 1990. Windows 3.0 became the first widely successful version. - Later major releases included Windows 95 in 1995, Windows 98 in 1998, Windows 2000 in 2000, Windows XP in 2001, Windows Vista in 2007, Windows 7 in 2009, Windows 8 in 2012, and Windows 10 in 2015. Each new version built upon the previous with updated features, improved security, and new capabilities.

1. MicrosoftWindows
Operating systems

2. Overview
• Microsoft Corporation is anAmerican multinational corporation headquartered
in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and
sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and
services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line
of operating systems, Microsoft Office suite, and Internet Explorer web browser.
• It is the world's largest software maker measured by revenues. It is also one of
the world's most valuable companies.
• Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975

3. Windows 1.0
• Graphical personal computer operating environment.
• 16-bit multi-tasking shell on top of an existing MS-DOS installation.
• Graphical user interface software suite for IBM PC compatibles
• Described as front-end of MS-DOS Operating system
• Introduced device drivers for better graphics
• Usage of mouse for navigation was encouraged
November 20 1985

4. • Requires two floppy disk drives and
• 256 KB of RAM
• Offers limited multitasking of existing MS-DOS programs
• Does not allow windows overlapping
• Poor response from critics.

5. Windows 2.0
• Windows 2.0 is a 16-bit MicrosoftWindows GUI-based operating
environment.
• Allows windows overlapping.
• Keyboard shortcuts were introduced.
• Terminology of minimize , maximize and control panel were introduced.
• Does not require hard disk.
• VGA graphics introduced with 16 colors only.
• The firstWindows versions of MicrosoftWord and Microsoft Excel ran on
Windows 2.0.
December 19 1987

6. • CALC.EXE – a calculator
• CALENDAR.EXE – calendaring software[9
• CARDFILE.EXE – a personal information manager
• CLIPBRD.EXE – viewing the contents of the clipboard
• CLOCK.EXE – a clock
• CONTROL.EXE – the system utility responsible for configuring Windows 2.0
• CVTPAINT.EXE - Converted paint files to the 2.x format.
• MSDOS.EXE – a simple file manager.

7. • NOTEPAD.EXE – a text editor.
• PAINT.EXE – a raster graphics editor that allows users to paint and edit pictures.
• PIFEDIT.EXE – a program information file editor that defines how a DOS program
should behave inside Windows
• REVERSI.EXE – a computer game of reverse.
• SPOOLER.EXE – the print spooler ofWindows, a program that manages and
maintains a queue of documents to be printed.
• TERMINAL.EXE – a terminal emulator
• WRITE.EXE – a simple word processor

9. Windows 2.1
• Windows 2.1 is one of the family of Microsoft Windows graphical user interface-
based operating environments.
• Windows/286 2.10 andWindows/386 2.10, less than a year after the release
ofWindows 2.0.These versions can take advantage of the specific features of
the Intel 80286 and Intel 80386 processors.
• A hard disk was required for the first time to install Windows.
May 27, 1988

10. Legal conflict with Apple
• On March 17, 1988, Apple Inc. filed a lawsuit against Microsoft and Hewlett-
Packard, accusing them of violating copyrights Apple held on the Macintosh
System Software. Apple claimed the "look and feel" of the Macintosh operating
system, taken as a whole, was protected by copyright and thatWindows 2.0
violated this copyright by having the same icons.The judge ruled in favor of
Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft in all but ten of the 189 patents that Apple sued for.
The exclusive ten could not be copyrighted, as ruled by the judge.

11. Windows 3.0
• Windows 3.0, a graphical environment, is the third major release of Microsoft
Windows
• Technical improvements were made to make better use of the memory
management capabilities of Intel's 80286 and 80386 processors.
• Requires 8086/8088 processor or better
• Requires 384K of free conventional memory (real mode), 1MB (Standard Mode), or
2MB (Enhanced Mode)
• Requires Hard disk with 6-7MB of free space
May 22, 1990

12. Windows 3.0 was the only version ofWindows that could be
run in three different memory modes:
• Real mode, intended for older computers with a CPU below Intel 80286.
• Standard mode, intended for computers with an 80286 processor.
• 386 Enhanced mode, intended for newer computers with an Intel 80386 processor
or above.

13. • It became the first widely successful version ofWindows and a rival to Apple
Macintosh and the Commodore Amiga on the GUI front.
• A "multimedia" version,Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions, was released in
1991 to support sound cards as well as CD-ROM drives, which were then becoming
increasingly available.

15. Windows 3.1
• Achieves Backward compatibility.
• Multimedia PC version has a ability to play video files and has video integration
with CD ROM support.
• Drag and Drop operation was the major change.
• Introduced Registry, a centralized database that can store configuration
information and settings for various operating systems components and
applications.
• First version ofWindows that could also launch Windows programs via Command
Prompt while runningWindows 3.1.
April 6, 1992

17. Disadvantage
• Windows 3.1 uses a cooperative multitasking system, which means that your
computer attempts to give equal memory to all programs at once.This means that
the more programs you open, the more divided the memory. Enough programs
open (more than 3) and the operating system has a tendency to crash.

18. Windows N.T 3.1
• 32-bit operating system
• Microsoft had co-developed with IBM
• Two problems regarding RISC architecture and Unix platform
July 27,1993

19. • Three goals:
1. Portability
2. Reliability
3. Personality

20. • Minimum system requirements on x86 systems include a 25 MHz 80386 processor,
at least 12 megabytes of memory, 75 megabytes of hard drive space, and aVGA
graphics card.
• RISC systems require 16 megabytes of memory, 92 megabytes of hard drive space,
and a CD-ROM drive
• Success on the market was only limited, mostly due to the high system
requirements for its time and the lack of 32-bit applications

22. Windows N.T 3.5
• Includes integrated Winsock andTCP/IP support.
• Can share files through FTP and printers through LPR. It can act as a Gopher, Web
orWAIS server.
• Includes Remote Access Service for remote dial-up modem access to LAN services,
and it includes the first implementation of Microsoft DNS.
• Ability to use names of up to 255 characters for computer files.
September 21, 1994

23. • Windows NT 3.5 has no drivers for PCMCIA adapter cards; thus it was unfit for use
on laptops.
• Refuses to install on a processor newer than the original Pentium.[16] Windows NT
3.51 fixed this. However, modifying files on the installation CD allows it to install.

24. Microsoft Bob
• Microsoft Bob presented screens showing a "house", with "rooms" that the
user could go to containing familiar objects corresponding to computer
applications.
March 1995

27. • Microsoft Bob was much criticized in the press, did not gain wide
acceptance with consumers, and was not a successful or long-lived product.

28. Windows 95
• Windows 95 integrated Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS andWindows
products.
• It was referred to asWindows 4.0.
• It was a major success in the marketplace at launch and shortly became the most
popular desktop operating system.
Aug 24, 1995

29. • Windows 95 originally shipped without Internet Explorer, and the default
network installation did not installTCP/IP, the network protocol used on the
Internet. At the release date ofWindows 95
• Official system requirements were an Intel 80386 DX CPU of any speed,
4 MB of system RAM, and 50–55 MB of hard drive space depending on
features selected.

31. Windows N.T 4.0
• It is a 32-bitWindows system available in both workstation and server
editions with a graphical environment similar to that ofWindows 95.
• Introduced 3D Pinball game, font smoothing, full window drag, high color
icons and stretching the wallpaper to fit the screen.
• Windows NT 4.0 was the first release of MicrosoftWindows to include
DirectX
July 29, 1996

32. • Much of the stability was gained by the use of protected memory. Direct hardware
access was disallowed and "misbehaving" applications were terminated without
needing the computer to be restarted
• Numerous stability issues did occur as graphics and printer vendors had to change
their drivers to be compatible.
• Included a newWindowsTask Manager application
• Poorly written drivers became a frequent source of "stop errors“
• less user-friendly thanWindows 95 when it comes to certain maintenance and
management tasks.
• The maximum amount of supported physical RAM inWindows NT 4.0 is 4 GB.

34. June 25,1998

35. • It is a hybrid 16-bit/32-bit monolithic product with an MS-DOS based boot stage.
• Windows 98 includes Internet Explorer 4.01. Besides Internet Explorer, many other
Internet companion applications are included such as Outlook Express, Windows
Address Book, FrontPage Express, Microsoft Chat, Personal Web Server and aWeb
Publishing Wizard, NetMeeting and NetShow Player. which was replaced by
Windows Media Player 6.2 in Windows 98 Second Edition.
• Quick Launch toolbar, deskbands, Active Desktop, Channels, ability to minimize
foreground windows by clicking their button on the taskbar, single click launching,
Back and Forward navigation buttons, favorites, and address bar inWindows
Explorer, image thumbnails, folder infotips and web view in folders, and folder
customization through HTML-based templates. Dialog boxes now show up in the
Alt-Tab sequence.

36. • Windows Driver Model also includes Broadcast Driver Architecture, the
backbone forTV technologies support inWindows.
• Windows 98 supports USB hubs, USB scanners and introduced USB mice,
keyboards, force feedback joysticks etc..
• Windows 98 Second Edition added Internet Connection Sharing (IP
forwarding and NAT capabilities).
• Windows 98 is not designed to handle more than 1.0 GB of RAM

38. Feb 17, 2000

39. • Used for both client and server systems
• Four editions ofWindows 2000 were released: Professional, Server, Advanced
Server, and Datacenter Server.
• Microsoft marketed Windows 2000 as the most secure Windows version ever at the
time.
• A new capability designed to protect critical system files called Windows File
Protection was introduced.This protects critical Windows system files by
preventing programs other than Microsoft's operating system update mechanisms
such as the Package Installer.
• Servers that needed to be constantly running and so provided a system setting that
would allow the server to automatically reboot when a stop error occurred.

40. • Included the same games asWindows NT 4.0 did: FreeCell, Minesweeper,
Pinball, and Solitaire.
• The Recovery Console is usually used to recover unbootable systems.
• The nature of attacks onWindows servers changed: more attacks came
from remote sources via the Internet.This has led to an overwhelming
number of malicious programs.

41. Windows Me
Sep 14, 2000

42. • Windows ME was targeted specifically at home PC users. It included Internet
Explorer 5.5,Windows Media Player 7, and the newWindows Movie Maker
software, which provided basic video editing and was designed to be easy to use
for home users with improved GUI.
• Windows ME was often criticized for being buggy, slow and unstable.

43. Oct 25,2001

44. • Windows XP was a major advance from the MS-DOS based versions of
Windows in security, stability and efficiency.
• Introduced updated user account interface and graphical login screen.
• FromApril 8, 2014,There will be no more security updates or technical
support for the Windows XP operating system.

46. Apr 24, 2003

47. • Windows Server 2003 (sometimes referred to asWin2K3) is a server operating
system.
• WindowsVista, as shipped, was developed based solely onWindows Server 2003
source code.
• Windows Server 2003's default installation has none of the server components
enabled, to reduce the attack surface of new machines.
• Windows Server 2003 was the first Microsoft Windows version which was
thoroughly subjected to semi-automated testing for bugs with a software system
called PREfast developed by Amitabh sri vasthava.

48. • Amitabh Srivastava's PRE-fast found 12% ofWindows Server 2003's bugs, the
remaining 88% being found by human computer programmers.
• Microsoft employs more than 4,700 programmers who work onWindows, 60% of
which are software testers[8] whose job is to find bugs inWindows source code.

50. Jan 30,2007

51. • New features ofWindowsVista include an updated graphical user interface
and visual style dubbed Aero, a new search component called Windows
Search, redesigned networking, audio, print and display sub-systems, and
new multimedia tools including Windows DVD Maker
• By the time ofWindowsVista, improved security into every aspect of
software development at the company.
• Criticized due to more system requirements and backward compatibility
issue.

53. Oct 22, 2009

54. • Windows 7 was primarily intended to be an incremental upgrade to the operating
system, intending to address criticisms faced by its predecessor, WindowsVista
(such as performance improvements), whilst maintaining compatibility with
hardware and software designed forVista.
• A new "Action Center" interface was also added to provide an overview of system
security and maintenance information.
• New features are advances in touch and handwriting recognition, improved
performance on multi-core processors, improved boot performance.
• The first OS to have an ability to pin its apps onto its taskbar.

57. Oct 26,2012

58. • Windows 8 was developed on the basis to provide user interface not only in
PC but also tablets and mobiles.
• On its releases Microsoft started competing with mobile operating systems,
including Android and iOS.

61. • The new user interface of the operating system was widely criticized for
being potentially confusing and difficult to learn.
• 60 million Windows 8 licenses have been sold through January 2013.
• You need a 1GHz or faster CPU , 1GB of RAM (or 2GB for 64-bit systems),
20GB of hard drive space and a DirectX 9 graphics card with WDDM driver.

63. Sai praveen Seva
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