The document outlines the history and evolution of various Microsoft Windows operating systems from MS-DOS to Windows Vista, detailing features, upgrades, and the user interface changes across each version. It highlights significant releases such as Windows 1.0, 3.1, 95, and XP, including enhancements like multimedia support, improved stability, and graphical user interfaces. The summary encapsulates the advancements in usability, system reliability, and multimedia capabilities that define the Windows operating system lineage.

1. By Dr.Ummara khan
(Pharm-D)

2. Intermediary between the user and hardware.

3.  MS-DOS
 Windows 95
 Windows 98
 Windows ME (Windows Millennium)
 Windows NT
 Windows 2000
 Windows XP

4.  Windows Vista
 Windows CE PALM OS SYMBIAN
 Apple Macintosh
 Mac OS X
 OS/2
 UNIX
 Linux

5.  Disk operating system
 Single-user Os from Microsoft for the Pc
 First OS for the PC
 Still the underlying control program for
windows 3.1
 Windows 95/98 and Windows NT build in
their own version of DOS to support existing
DOS application.

8.  The most widely used OS for personal
computers
 Windows provides graphical user
interface (GUI, is a type of user interface that
allows users to interact with electronic devices
using images rather than text commands.
 Applications are displayed in re-sizeable,
movable windows on screen
 The idea came from Xerox.

10. •16-bit graphical operating environment,
• Original version of Microsoft Windows
• intoduces in late 1985
• often regarded as a "front-end MS-DOS operating
system",user-friendly interface.
•Displayed tiled windows(side by side)
•supplied programs
are calculator, calendar, cardfile,clipboard viewer,
clock, notepad, paint, reversi, terminal, write.
•It never become popular

13. • Upgrade to Windows 1.0
• 16-bit Microsoft Windows GUI-based operating
environment
• introduces in 1988
• supported overlapping and tiled windows
• introduced keyboard-shortcuts and the terminology of
"Minimize" and "Maximize", as opposed to "Iconize" and
"Zoom" in Windows 1.0
• renamed windows/286
• require dos
• the last version of Windows that could run on a floppy-only
system and did not require a hard disk.
• never become popular

16. • Introduced in 1990
• Improved interface
• Manage large amount of memory
• Runs 16-bit windows and dos application on 286s
and above
• Introduced Program Manager and File Manager
• Introducees notepad and the word processor
write, a macro recorder, the paint
program paintbrush , a calculator and card
game solitaire
• Still require DOS

18. • First major upgrade to 3.0
• Into in 1992
• Added support for
 Multimedia
 True type fonts
 Icons could be dragged and dropped
• Supposedly more stable

20.  Upgrade to windows 3.121
 It was the final release of 3.1
 Released on August 11, 1993
 not a standalone version of Windows, but
rather a software update like modern
Windows service packs

23. • Designed to replace
Windows for
MS-DOS Windows 3.1
• workgroup 3.11
• Relesed in august 1995
• 32-bit,self contained operating system
• Includes a built-in and enhanced versuion of DOS
• Intro 'Start' button, taskbar
• formed by a large number of virtual device drivers (VxDs)
responsible for handling physical devices (such as video and
network cards), emulating virtual devices used by the virtual
machines, or providing various system services.
• Plug and Play capabilities
• Memory limitaions were expanded
• shipped with Microsoft's own dial-up online service called The
Microsoft Network.

25.  Windows 98 was to be named 98 if had been
released on time

27.  Major upgrade to windows 95
 Intro in June 1998
 enhancements from Windows Desktop
Update, an Internet Explorer 4
component, such as the
• Quick Launch toolbar
• Active Desktop, Channels
• ability to minimize foreground
windows by clicking their button on
the taskbar
• single click launching,
• Back and Forward navigation
buttons, favorites
• address bar in Windows
Explorer, image thumbnails, folder info
tips and web view in folders, and folder
customization through HTML-based
templates.
• Dialog boxes now show up in the Alt-
Tab sequence.
• 3D Pinball is included

30.  Windows Me Millennium Edition
 graphical operating system released on September 14, 2000
by Microsoft
 was the last operating system released in the Windows
9x series.
 for home PC users.
 It included Internet Explorer 5.5, Windows Media
Player 7, and the new Windows Movie Maker software
 Faster boot times
 Improved power management and suspend/resume
operations.
 Includes drivers for USB mass storage devices and USB
printers
 Windows Me had a short shelf-life of just over a year; it was
often criticized for being buggy and unstable.

32. • Windows NEW TECHNOLOGY
• Intro in 1993
• Advanced 32-bit "flat" virtual OS.
• Works with Intel x86 and Alpha CPUs
• Support for power PC has been dropped
• Does not use DOS
• Self contained OS that runs 16-bit and 32-bit
windows application as well as DOS.

33.  Windows NT 3.1 and Windows NT 3.1
Advanced Server were released on July 26,
1993.
 including the operating system core
 written in the C programming language
 higher memory consumption
 More reliability
 run applications designed for various
operating systems, such as Windows, MS-DOS
and OS/2 applications

35. • second release of
the Microsoft Windows
NT operating system
• released on September 21, 1994
• This is the first Windows NT
version to adopt the
names Windows NT
Workstation and Windows NT
Server for its editions

37. • Windows 2000 professional desktop version
• Windows 2000 server (server version)
• Support multiprocessors
• Was originally known as NT 5.0
• introduces layered windows that allow for
transparency, translucency and various transition effects like
shadows, gradient fills and alpha blended GUI elements to top-
level windows
• Start Menu in Windows 2000 introduces personalized
menus, expandable special folders and the ability to launch
multiple programs without closing the menu by holding down
the SHIFT key.
• intro version 7.0 of the DirectX API, used by game developers
• introduced the Multilingual User Interface (MUI)
• introduced the Microsoft Management Console (MMC), which
is used to create, save, and open administrative tools
• Provide Support for distributed file systems, Active Directory.

39.  Built on the proven code base of Windows NT
and Windows 2000
 32-bit computing architecture
 A fully protected memory model

41. • Same as in Windows 2003
• XP" is short for "EXPERIENCE", highlighting the enhanced user
experience.
• was released worldwide for retail sale on October 25, 2001,
• Eliminates most reboot problems that were in
 Windows NT 4.0
 Windows 95/98/Me
• Improved task panes, tiles and filmstrip views, improved sorting
and grouping, searching by document categories, customizable
info tips, built-in CD burning, AutoPlay, Simple File Sharing and
Web DAV mini-redirector.
• Faster start-up
• Windows Picture and Fax Viewer
• improved System Restore, Automated System ,Recovery,
Windows Error Reporting and driver reliability.
• Clear Type font mechanism for improve text readability
on liquid crystal display (LCD) and similar monitors, especially
laptops
• Updated accessories and games.

45. • Windows Vista is an operating system released in
several variations developed by Microsoft for use on
personal computers, including home and business
desktops, laptops, tablet PCs, and media center PCs.
• Prior to its announcement on July 22, 2005, Windows
Vista was known by its codename "Longhorn.“
• On January 30, 2007, it was released worldwide, and
was made available for purchase and download from
Microsoft's website
• Memory 512 MB-1 GB
• Graphics memory 32 MB-128 MB
• HDD capacity20 GB-40 GB
• The new graphical user interface is named Windows
Aero

46. • "Favorite links-enabling one-click access.
• A transparent panel at the side of the screen where a
user can place Desktop Gadgets.
• Page Zoom, Quick Tabs Anti-Phishing filter, a number
of new security protection features, Internationalized
Domain Name support (IDN), and improved web
standards support.
• Intro Windows Media Player 11, Backup and Restore
Center, Windows Mail, Windows Calendar, Windows
Photo Gallery, Windows Ultimate Extras
• Shadow Copy automatically creates daily backup
copies of files and folders.
• Parental controls , Speech recognition .