Microsoft Corporation is a leading software and technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington. It develops and sells the widely used Windows operating system, which has evolved over several versions from Windows 1.0 in 1985 to the current Windows 10. Microsoft also produces other popular software like Office and was founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen.

3. STEVEN
THOMAS
1421

4. Overview
 Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational
corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington,
that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and
sells computer software, consumer
electronics and personal computers and services.
 Its best known software products are the Microsoft
Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office
suite, and Internet Explorer web browser.
 It is the world's largest software maker measured by
revenues.
 It is also one of the world's most valuable companies.
 Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on
April 4, 1975

5. What is Operating System?
 An operating system is a software, consisting of
programs and data, that runs on computers and
manages the computer hardware and provides
common services for efficient execution of various
application software

6. Why Windows?
Before Coming Windows
PC users relied on the MS-DOS® method of
typing commands at the C prompt (C:).
With Windows
Users moved a mouse to point and click their
way through tasks, such as starting
applications.
In addition, Windows users could switch
among several concurrently running

7. History
Microsoft Windows operating system was
developed by Microsoft to overcome the
limitation of its own MS-DOS Operating
System.
First successful version were Windows
3.0, in 1990.
Subsequently released version were
Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows
XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7 &

8.  In 1983, Microsoft announced the development of
Windows, a graphical user interface (GUI) for its own
operating system (MS-DOS), which had shipped for IBM
PC and compatible computers since 1981. .
 The 3.x and 4.x family includes Windows 3.11, Windows
95, Windows 98, and Windows Me. Windows for
Workgroups 3.11 achieved the breakthrough from 16- to
32-bit networking and 32-bit disk access.
 Windows 95 completed the migration to 32-bit code and
started an entirely new user interface, most of which is still
used today.
 Windows NT family started with NT 3.1 in 1993. Modern
Windows operating system versions are based on the
newer Windows NT kernel that was originally intended for
OS/2.

9.  Windows runs on IA-32, x86-64, and Itanium processors.
Earlier versions also ran on the i860, Alpha, MIPS,
Fairchild Clipper, and PowerPC architectures. Some work
was done to port it to the SPARC architecture.
 With NT4.0 in 1996 the shell changed from Program
Manager to Explorer. CPU support included PowerPC,
MIPS, and DEC Alpha for earlier versions of NT, but
focuses on Itanium, 386, 486, and x64 today.
 Microsoft is also working to bring Windows NT onto ARM
in the next release of Windows.

10. Common Operating Systems
 MS-DOS
 Windows 95
 Windows 98
 Windows ME (Windows Millennium)
 Windows NT
 Windows 2000
 Windows XP
 Windows VISTA
 Windows 7
 Windows 8
 Windows 8.1

11. Microsoft disk operating
system(MS-DOS)
 Non-graphical command line operating system
created for IBM compatible computers
 First introduced in August 1981.
Single-user Os from Microsoft for the Pc
Still the underlying control program for windows 3.1
Windows 95/98 and Windows NT build in their own
version of DOS to support existing DOS
application.
Unlike Microsoft Windows, which most users are
familiar with today, MS-DOS requires the user to type
commands instead of using a mouse.

12. Requires two floppy disk drives and requires
256 KB of RAM.
 Offers limited multitasking of existing MS-DOS
programs
Does not allow windows overlapping
Poor response from critics.

13. Features of DOS
 Single user system
 Machine independence
 Program control
 Peripheral management
 Managing files
 Processing commands
 Managing input and output
 Managing memory
 Operating with Assembler

14. Program Execution
Providing Interfaces
Error Handling
Handling Input / Output
Operations
Memory management
Process management
Common
Features of
Windows
OS

15. 1985: Windows 1.0
The first version of Windows provided a new
software environment for developing
 Running applications that use bitmap displays
and mouse pointing devices.
With Windows, users moved a mouse to point
and click their way through tasks, such as starting
applications.
The product included a set of desktop
applications which helped users manage day-to-
day activities are-
- MS-DOS file management program
- Calendar

16.  16-bit multi-tasking shell on top of an existing MS-DOS
installation.
• Described as front-end of MS-DOS Operating system
• Introduced device drivers for better graphics
- Calculator
- Clock
- Telecommunications programs

17. Windows 2.0
• Windows 2.0 is a 16-bit Microsoft Windows GUI-based
operating environment.
• Allows windows overlapping.
• Keyboard shortcuts were introduced.
• Terminology of minimize , maximize and control panel
were introduced.
• Does not require hard disk.
• VGA graphics introduced with 16 colors only.
• The first Windows versions of Microsoft Word and
Microsoft Excel ran on Windows 2.0.
December
19,1987

18. Windows 2.1
 Windows 2.1 is one of the family of Microsoft
Windows graphical user interface-based operating
environments.
 Windows/286 2.10 and Windows/386 2.10, less than a
year after the release of Windows 2.0.These versions
can take advantage of the specific features of
the Intel 80286 and Intel 80386 processors.
 A hard disk was required for the first time to install
Windows.
May 27, 1988

19. Windows 3.0
 Windows 3.0, a graphical environment, is the third major
release of Microsoft Windows offered improved
performance, advanced graphics with 16 colors, and full
support of the more powerful Intel 386 processor.
 It became the first widely successful version of Windows and a
rival to Apple Macintosh and the Commodore Amiga on the
GUI front.
 A "multimedia" version, Windows 3.0 with Multimedia
Extensions, was released in 1991 to support sound cards as
well as CD-ROM drives, which were then becoming
increasingly available.
 Technical improvements were made to make better use of the
memory management capabilities of Intel's 80286 and 80386
May 22, 1990

20. IT offered a wide range of useful features and
capabilities, including:
• Program Manager, File Manager, and Print Manager.
• A completely rewritten application development
environment.
• An improved set of Windows icons.

21. Windows 3.0 was the only version of Windows
that could be run in three different memory
modes:
 Real mode, intended for older computers with a
CPU below Intel 80286.
 Standard mode, intended for computers with an
80286 processor.
 386 Enhanced mode, intended for newer
computers with an Intel 80386 processor or
above.

22. 1993: Windows NT 3.1
JULY 27,1993
 When Microsoft Windows NT® was released to
manufacturing on July 27, 1993, Microsoft met an
important milestone: the completion of a project begun in
the late 1980s to build an advanced new operating
system from scratch.
 Chairman Bill Gates said at its release “ Microsoft
Windows NT represents nothing less than a fundamental
change in the way that companies can address their
business computing requirements,

23.  Achieves Backward compatibility.
 Advanced 32-bit "flat" virtual OS.
 Works with Intel x86 and Alpha CPUs
 Multimedia PC version has a ability to play video files and
has video integration with CD ROM support.

24.  Drag and Drop operation was the major change.
 Introduced Registry, a centralized database that can
store configuration information and settings for
various operating systems components and
applications.
 First version of Windows that could also launch
Windows programs via Command Prompt while
running Windows 3.1

25. Disadvantage
 Windows 3.1 uses a cooperative multitasking
system, which means that your computer
attempts to give equal memory to all programs
at once.
 The more programs you open, the more divided
the memory.
 Enough programs open (more than 3) and the
operating system has a tendency to crash.

26. Three goals:
1. Portability
2. Reliability
3. Personality

27. Windows N.T 3.5
 It includes integrated Winsock and TCP/IP support.
 It can share files through FTP and printers through LPR. It
can act as a Gopher, Web or WAIS server.
 It includes remote Access Service for remote dial-up
modem access to LAN services, and it includes the first
implementation of Microsoft DNS.
 It has ability to use names of up to 255 characters for
computer files.
September 21, 1994

28. DISADVANTAGES
 Windows NT 3.5 has no drivers for PCMCIA adapter
cards; thus it was unfit for use on laptops.
 Refuses to install on a processor newer than the original
Pentium.[16] Windows NT 3.51 fixed this. However,
modifying files on the installation CD allows it to install.

29. Windows 95
 Windows 95 integrated Microsoft's formerly separate MS-
DOS and Windows products.
 32-bit,self contained operating system
 It was referred to as Windows 4.0.
 It was a major success in the marketplace at launch and
shortly became the most popular desktop operating
system.
Aug 24, 1995

30.  It includes a built-in and enhanced version of DOS
 Introduced 'Start' button, taskbar
 It is formed by a large number of virtual device
drivers (VxDs) responsible for handling physical devices
(such as video and network cards), emulating virtual
devices used by the virtual machines, or providing various
system services.
 Memory limitations were expanded
 It is shipped with Microsoft's own dial-up online service
called The Microsoft Network.

32. 1995: Windows 95
 Computer: 100% IBM Compatible
 Processor: 386 DX or higher
 Memory: 4MB RAM 35MB Hard disk drive
 Drives: CD-ROM or Floppy
 Sound: Sound Blaster compatible Sound
Card.
 Video: VGA or higher-resolution
 Controls: Microsoft keyboard / Mouse
 operating system: DOS 5.0 and Higher
 Price: $70.00 - $90.00

33. Windows N.T 4.0
 It is a 32-bit Windows system available in both workstation
and server editions with a graphical environment similar to
that of Windows 95.
 Introduced 3D Pinball game, font smoothing, full window
drag, high color icons and stretching the wallpaper to fit the
screen.
 Windows NT 4.0 was the first release of Microsoft Windows
to include DirectX
July 29,
1996

34.  The Recovery Console is usually used to
recover unbootable systems.
 The nature of attacks on Windows servers
changed: more attacks came from remote
sources via the Internet. This has led to an
overwhelming number of malicious
programs.
 Much of the stability was gained by the use of protected
memory. Direct hardware access was disallowed and
"misbehaving" applications were terminated without
needing the computer to be restarted
 Numerous stability issues did occur as graphics and printer
vendors had to change their drivers to be compatible.

35.  Included a new Windows Task Manager application
 Poorly written drivers became a frequent source of "stop
errors“
 less user-friendly than Windows 95 when it comes to
certain maintenance and management tasks.
 The maximum amount of supported physical RAM in
Windows NT 4.0 is 4 GB.

36. Microsoft window 98 June 25,
1998
 It is a hybrid 16-bit/32-bit monolithic product with an MS-
DOS based boot stage.
 Windows 98 includes Internet Explorer 4.01.
 Besides Internet Explorer, many other Internet companion
applications are included such as
- Outlook Express,
- Windows Address Book,
- FrontPage Express,
- Microsoft Chat,
- Personal Web Server
- Web Publishing Wizard,

37. June 25,1998

38. Computer:100% IBM Compatible
Processor: 486DX/66 MHz or Higher processor
Memory: 16 MB of RAM
Drives: Approximately 195MB; can take up to 295MB
CD-ROM or Floppy
Sound: Standard Sound card for sound capability.
Video: VGA or higher-resolution
Controls: 100% compatible Microsoft keyboard /
Mouse
operating system: Windows 3.x, 3.1x or Windows 95
to upgrade
DirectX: Includes DirectX 5.0
Price: $80.00 - $100.00

39. FEATURES
- Quick Launch toolbar
- Desk bands
- Active Desktop
- Channels
- Ability to minimize foreground windows by clicking their
button on the taskbar
- Single click launching
- Back and Forward navigation buttons
- Favorites
- Address bar in Windows Explorer
- Image thumbnails
- Web view in folders
- Folder customization through HTML-based templates.

40. OTHERS FEATURES
 Graphical user interface
 Type of icons: I ) Applications icons
ii ) Document icons
iii ) Program icons
 Start Button
 Taskbar
 Windows Explorer
 Right Mouse Button
 Long File Names
 Multitasking
 Shortcuts
 Easy Internet Access ,Help

41. 2000: Windows Millennium
Edition (Windows Me) sep
14, 2000
 Designed for home computer users,
Windows Me offered consumers numerous
music, video, and home networking
enhancements and reliability improvements.
 For example, to help consumers
troubleshoot their systems, the System
Restore feature let users roll back their PC
software configuration to a date or time

42. Windows Me Sep 14, 2000

43.  It was the last operating system released in the Windows
9x series for home PC users.
 It included Internet Explorer 5.5, Windows Media Player 7,
and the new Windows Movie Maker software
 Faster boot times
 Improved power management and suspend/resume
operations.
 Includes drivers for USB mass storage devices and USB
printers
 Windows Me had a short shelf-life of just over a year; it
was often criticized for being buggy and unstable.

44. • Mostly used on Personal Computers,
Business desktops and Laptops
• Designed for home use
• Windows File protection Introduce
•System File Checker facility
•Used for both client and server systems
Windows 2000 Feb 17,
2000

45.  Four editions of Windows 2000 were released:
 - Professional
 - Server
 - Advanced Server, and
 - Datacenter Server.
 Microsoft marketed Windows 2000 as the most secure
Windows version ever at the time.
 A new capability designed to protect critical system
files called Windows File Protection was introduced.
This protects critical Windows system files by
preventing programs other than Microsoft's operating
system update mechanisms such as the Package
Installer.
 Servers that needed to be constantly running and so
provided a system setting that would allow the server

46. Feb 17, 2000

47. Windows XP
 Released in August, 2001
 “XP” is the short form of
experience.
 First consumer orientated & Mostly
populated product of MS-DOS
 Anti-aliased 2D graphics, textures
 Taskbar buttons for running
applications and Quick Launch

48.  Windows XP was a major advance from the MS-DOS
based versions of Windows in security, stability and
efficiency.
 Introduced updated user account interface and
graphical login screen.
 From April 8, 2014,There will be no more security
updates or technical support for the Windows XP
operating system.

49. Oct 25,2001

50.  The "XP" in Windows XP stands for
"experience," symbolizing the innovative
experiences that Windows can offer to personal
computer users.
 With Windows XP, home users can work with
and enjoy music, movies, messaging, and photos
with their computer

51. Windows XP Professional
 Detect any type of error
 complete digital media support
 Premier mobile support for the ability
to work offline
 Greater security, encrypt files and
folders
 Built-in high performance
multiprocessor

53. WINDOW SERVER April
24,2003
 Windows Server 2003 (sometimes referred to as
Win2K3) is a server operating system.
 Windows Vista, as shipped, was developed based
solely on Windows Server 2003 source code.
 Windows Server 2003 was the first Microsoft Windows
version which was thoroughly subjected to semi-
automated testing for bugs with a software system
called PRE fast developed by shri Amitabh vasthava.

54. Apr 24, 2003

55.  Amitabh Srivastava's PRE-fast found 12% of Windows
Server 2003's bugs, the remaining 88% being found by
human computer programmers.
 Windows Server 2003's default installation has none of the
server components enabled, to reduce the attack surface of
new machines.
 Microsoft employs more than 4,700 programmers who work
on Windows, 60% of which are software testers[8] whose
job is to find bugs in Windows source code.

56. Microsoft Windows Vista
 Windows Vista
Released January 30, 2007
 Vista Premium-Ready PCs
 Computer: 100% IBM Compatible
 Processor: 1GHz Intel-compatible
 Memory: 1GB RAM
 Drives: 40GB disk space
DVD Drive
 Sound: Standard Sound card for sound capability.
 DirectX 9.0 compatible video card.
 64,128,256 MB of Video RAM

57.  New features of Windows Vista include an updated
graphical user interface and visual style dubbed Aero,
a new search component called Windows Search,
redesigned networking, audio, print and display sub-
systems, and new multimedia tools including
Windows DVD Maker
 By the time of Windows Vista, improved security into
every aspect of software development at the
company.
 Criticized due to more system requirements and
backward compatibility issue.

58. ships in six editions:
 Starter (only available in developing countries)
 Home Basic
 Home Premium
 Business
 Enterprise (only available to large businesses and
enterprises)
 Ultimate (combines both Home Premium and Enterprise)
 All editions (except Starter edition) are currently available
in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions.
 The biggest advantage of the 64-bit version is breaking
the 4 gigabyte memory barrier, which 32-bit computers
cannot fully access.

59.  Controls: 100% compatible Microsoft Keyboard /
Mouse.
 Operating System: Windows 2000 / XP to upgrade.
Jan 30,2007

60. Microsoft Windows 7 0ct 22,2009
 Windows 7 is a personal computer operating system
developed by Microsoft as part of Windows NT
family of operating systems.
 It is a version of Microsoft Windows, a series of
operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on
personal computers, including home and business
desktops, laptops, net books, tablet PCs, and media
center PCs.
 Development of 7 occurred as early as 2006 under
the code name "Blackcomb.

61.  Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22,
2009, and reached general retail availability on October 22,
2009, less than three years after the release of its
predecessor, Windows Vista.
 Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008
R2, was released at the same time.

62. Oct 22, 2009

63. • Improved Boot Performance
• Redesigned Taskbar
• Aero Snap
• Support for SSD
• Enhanced Stability
• Network Virtualization
Windows 7

64. •Jump Lists
•Moveable taskbar icons
•Customize UAC
•Control over System Tray icons
•Media Player Lightweight mode

66. Microsoft Windows 8
 Windows 8 is a personal computer operating system
developed by Microsoft as part of Windows NT family of
operating systems.
 The operating system was released to manufacturing on
August 1, 2012, and was released for general availability
on October 26, 2012
 Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating
system's platform and user interface to improve its user
experience on tablets, where Windows was now competing
with mobile operating systems

67. Windows 8 Start Menu

68.  Windows 8 was developed on the basis to provide
user interface not only in PC but also tablets and
mobiles.
 On its releases Microsoft started competing with
mobile operating systems, including Android and
iOS.
• The new user interface of the operating system
was widely criticized for being potentially
confusing and difficult to learn.
• 60 million Windows 8 licenses have been sold
through January 2013.
• You need a 1GHz or faster CPU , 1GB of RAM (or
2GB for 64-bit systems), 20GB of hard drive space
and a DirectX 9 graphics card with WDDM driver

69. Features
 Tile-based Interface
 Simpler Shutdown
 Narrator (Reads everything you touch,
Sounds to confirm, Helps blind)
 Snap Apps
 File History
 Search Function
 Two Touch Keyboards
 Sync Settings

70. Microsoft Windows 8.1
 Windows 8.1 is a version of Windows NT family of
operating systems and an upgrade for Windows 8
 Windows 8.1 is available free of charge for retail copies
of Windows 8 and Windows RT users via Windows
Store.

71. Windows 8.1 Start Screen

73. New Features
 Start Menu
 Cortana
 Project Spartan Browser
 Improved Multitasking
 Windowed Apps
 Action Center
 Continuum

74. The Start Screen
 When click on the Start button
at the bottom left of the screen,
you get two panels side by side,
with the left column showing
pinned, recently added and
most-used apps.
• The right column features a selection of live tiles that you can
customize, resize and reorganize.
• We can have the Start Menu expand to full screen whenever we want.

75. Hi! I’m Cortana
Cortana , similar to as Google Now is a
feature which helps you find anything by
your voice. You just need to say , “Hey
Cortana!”.
Other than voice we can search
anything like cricket score , weather ,
nearby places and many. It does as it
says, "ask me anything”.

76. Action Settings
 Windows 10 will provide a
new way to look at all your
notifications in one place.
It collects alerts from your device from all your apps, similar to
the notifications drawers like in our smartphones.

77. Continuum
 With the rise of hybrid
laptop-tablet devices,
Microsoft wants to make it
easier to switch between
either mode.
If you remove the keyboard/mouse, a notification will pop up
from the task bar at the bottom, asking if you want to activate
Tablet mode.
Place your tablet into the keyboard again, and you’ll receive the
same prompt, this time asking if you want to exit Tablet mode.

78. Source - http://www.cnet.com/news/windows-10-
what-you-need-to-know ;
http://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2014/09
 Everything runs in a window: Apps from the Windows
Store now open in the same format that desktop apps do
and can be resized and moved around, and have title
bars at the top allowing for maximize, minimize, and close
with a click

79. Source - http://www.cnet.com/news/windows-10-
what-you-need-to-know ;
http://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2014/
 New task view button: There’s a new task-view button
on the taskbar for quick switching between open files
and quick access to any desktops you create.

80. Source - http://www.cnet.com/news/windows-10-what-
you-need-to-know ;
http://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2014/09/3
 Snap enhancements: You can now have four apps
snapped on the same screen with a new quadrant layout.
Windows will also show other apps and programs running
for additional snapping and even make smart suggestions
on filling available screen space with other open apps.

81. Source - http://www.cnet.com/news/windows-10-what-you-
need-to-know ;
http://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2014/09/30/anno
 Multiple desktops: Create desktops for different
purposes and projects and switch between these
desktops easily and pick up where you left off on each
desktop.