The document describes the evolution of microprocessors from the Intel 4004 in 1969 to the Intel Core 2/Quad in 2006-2007. It provides details on the clock speed, number of transistors, register size, and other specifications for each microprocessor model. The document also includes slides on a session on microprocessors, microcontrollers, and peripherals that discuss topics like number representation, binary to hexadecimal conversion, and the working of an 8085 microprocessor kit.

1. Department of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Khulna-9203
Course code : EE 3214
Sessional on
Microprocessors, Micro-controllers and
Peripherals
Presented By
Amit Kumer Podder
Experiment No. 01

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3. Intel 4004
* 1969
* Clock speed : 108 KHz
* Number of transistors:
2300
* 4-bit register and 4-bit data
bus.
The world first microprocessor
Source : Dr. Md. Salahuddin Ahmed Sir Lecture
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4. Intel 8008
* 1972
* Clock speed : 800 KHz
* Number of transistor:
3500
* 8-bit register and 8-bit data
bus.
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5. Intel 8080
* 1974
* Clock speed : 2 MHz
* Number of transistor:
4500
* 8-bit register and data
bus.
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6. Intel 8085
* 1972
* Clock speed : 6.144MHz
* Number of transistor:
6500
* 8-bit register and 8-bit
data bus.
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7. Intel 8086
* 1978
* Clock speed : 4.47 MHz
* Number of transistors:
29000
* 16-bit register and data
bus.
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8. Intel 8088
* 1981
* Clock speed : 4.47 MHz
* Number of transistors:
29000
* 16-bit register and data bus.
The worlds first PC ran on an
Intel 8088 microprocessor
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10. Intel 386
* 1985
* Clock speed: 16 MHz
* Number of transistors:
275000
* 32-bit register and data bus.
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11. Intel 486
* 1989
* Clock speed: 25 MHz
* Number of transistor:
1,200,000
* 32-bit register and data bus.
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12. Intel Pentium
* 1993
* Clock speed: 66 MHz
* Number of transistor:
3,300,000
* 32-bit register and data
bus.
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13. Intel Pentium pro
* 1995
* Clock speed: 200 MHz
* Number of transistor:
5,500,000
* 32-bit register and data
bus.
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14. Intel Pentium ||
* 1997
* Clock speed: 300 MHz
* Number of transistor:
7,500,000
* 32-bit register and data bus.
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15. Intel Pentium |||
* 1999
* Clock speed: 500 MHz
* Number of transistor:
9,500,000
* 32-bit register and data bus.
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16. Intel Pentium 4
* 2000
* Clock speed: 1 GHz
* Number of transistor:
15,500,000
* 64-bit register and data bus.
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17. Intel Pentium D
* 2005
* Clock speed: 3.6 GHz
* Number of transistor:
47,500,000
* 32-bit register and data bus.
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18. Intel Core 2 / Quad
* 2006/2007
* Clock speed: 3.6 GHz
* Number of transistor:
214,500,000
* 32-bit register and data bus.
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19. Intel XEON QUAD CORE QC E5520 LGA1366CHIP2.26G
8MB MM901030 (BX80602E5520)
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20. Hewlett Packard BL495C G6 O2435 KIT (539805-B21)
Opteron
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21. Today We
Will
Learn Mainly
8085
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35. 8085 Instruction Set
Data transfer operations
 Between registers
 Between memory location and a register
 Direct write to a register / memory
 Between I/O device and accumulator
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39. NUMBER REPRESENTATION
D B H
0
2
1
4
3
5
6
8
7
9
10
13
11
12
14
15
0
01
10
11
100
101
111
110
1000
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
1001
0
2
1
4
3
5
6
8
7
9
A
C
B
D
E
F
ecimal inary ex
Base Base 2 Base
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40. NUMBER REPRESENTATION
0/1Bit
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 00 0 0 0
0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0
Nibble
Byte
Word
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41. BINARY TO HEX CONVERSION
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
LSBMSB
8 4 2 18 4 2 1
0
2
1
4
3
5
6
8
7
9
A
C
B
D
E
F
1*1+1*2 =31*1+1*2+1*8=11
Result = B3 H
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42. uPC-MICRO 8085 system consists
1) crystal controlled oscillator
2) buffers for address
3) data control signals
4) two 8255 (Programmable Peripheral Interface)
5) one 8279 (Programmable keyboard & display
controller)
6) one 8253 (Programmable interval timer)
7) one 8259A (Programmable Interrupt Controller)
8) One 8251A (Programmable Communication
Interface) with RS232C drivers & receivers.
9) 8 digit seven segment display
10) 32 keys with one RESET key in keyboard
Familiarization OF 8085 KIT
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43. System EPROM : 0000 to FFFF (32K)
RAM (CMOS) : 8000 to 9FFF (8K)
(8000 to 97FF user RAM)
(9800 to 9FFF system RAM)
Expansion RAM : A000 to BFFF (8K)
C000 to DFFF (8K)
SL. No. Peripheral LSI Base port address in Hex
01. A8255 00
02. B8255 20
03. 8251A 10
04. 8253 30
05. 8257 08
06. 8259A 28
Memory Decoding & Addresses
I/0 Decoding & Addresses
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44.  Once a data is written to 8279 display RAM, 8279 automatically
refreshes the data on 8 digit 7 segment LED display.
 One can optionally connect a LCD module to the port lines of the
connector provided and writing the necessary software.
 16 keys are assigned for 16 hexadecimals
 16 keys for executing different functions
 1 key mounted on the motherboard
 duplex serial communication interface
 use 8251A serial communication controller with RS232C drivers at its
output & RS232C receivers at its input
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45. 4 pin relimate
Pin number
Voltage
1 GND
2 Vcc (+5V)
3 +12V (used for RS232)
4 -12V (used for RS232)
At power on or at manual RESET, the CPU starts execution. Before executing the
main routine, the various peripherals, flags and parameters in RAM are initialized.
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46. Label Mnemonics
Op-code
Operand
Hex Code Memory
address
START MVI A, ECH 3E, EC 8000-01
STA 8090 32, 90, 80 8002-04
END HLT 76 8005
Executing a PROGRAM IN uPC-MICRO 8085
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47. Addition
Mnemonic Hex code Address Hex
content
MVI A, 04 3E, 04 8000
8001
3E
04
MVI B, 08 06, 08 8002
8003
06
08
MOV A, B 78 8004 78
ADD B 80 8005 80
STA 8060 32, 8060 8006
8007
8008
32
60
80
HLT 76 8009 76
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48. Subtraction
Mnemonic Hex code Address Hex
content
MVI A, 97 3E, 97 8000
8001
3E
97
MVI B, 65 06, 65 8002
8003
06
65
SUB B 90 8004 90
STA 8060 32, 8060 8005
8006
8007
32
60
80
HLT 76 8008 76
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49. How Microprocessor works.
MOV A,r0
ADD A,#0B
Instruction decoder
Programmemory
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
r0 A
Reading command OR Fetch cycle
DATA BUS
3F14
3F13
3F12
Decoding commands
EXECUTING
Program
counter
3F123F13
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
MOV A,r0
ADD A,#0B
3F14
Addressbus
AddressofP.G
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
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