The document provides information about an assignment for a Database Management Systems course. It includes 6 questions about key concepts in databases and DBMS. It provides the student's name, semester, course code, credit hours, and evaluation criteria. It asks the student to answer all questions, with 10-mark questions being approximately 400 words each. The questions cover topics like the definition of a DBMS, relational algebra operations, client-server models, SQL, locking protocols, distributed databases, and object-oriented data models. It provides contact information for students to get fully solved assignments.

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ASSIGNMENT
DRIVE SPRING 2016
PROGRAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MI0034 – DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
BK ID B1966
CREDITS 4
MARKS 60
Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be
approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.
Question. 1. What is Database Management System (DBMS)?
Briefly explain the important properties ofdatabase.
Answer: A database management system (DBMS) is system software for creating and managing
databases. The DBMS provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve,
update and manage data.
A DBMS makes it possible for end users to create, read, update and delete data in a database. The
DBMS essentially serves as an interface between the database and end users or application
programs, ensuring that data is consistently organized and remains easily accessible.
The DBMS manages three important things:
Question. 2. Explain the different operations of relational algebra
with suitable examples.
Answer:Relational database systems are expected to be equipped with a query language that can
assistitsusersto querythe database instances.There are two kinds of query languages − relational
algebra and relational calculus.

2. Relational Algebra: Relational algebra is a procedural query language, which takes instances of
relationsas input and yields instances of relations as output. It uses operators to perform queries.
An operator can be either unary or binary. They accept relations
Question. 3. What is client–server model ? Briefly explain the
advantages of client–server model.
Answer:The client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or
workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters,
called clients. Often clients and servers communicate over a computer network on separate
hardware,butboth clientandservermayreside inthe same system.A serverhost runs one or more
server programs which share their resources with clients. A client does not share any of its
resources, but requests a server's content or service function. Clients therefore initiate
communication sessions with servers which await incoming requests. Examples of computer
applications that use the client–server model
Question. 4. a. Define SQL
Answer:SQL is a special-purpose programming language designed for managing data held in a
relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data
stream management system (RDSMS).
Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational calculus, SQL consists of a data
definition language, data manipulation
b. Explain the different types of SQL
Answer:SQL statements are divided into five different categories: Data definition language (DDL),
Data manipulation language (DML), Data Control Language (DCL), Transaction Control Statement
(TCS), Session Control Statements (SCS).
Data Definition Language (DDL) Statements: Data definition statement are use to define the
database structure or table.

3. Question. 5. a. Explain the two-phase locking protocol with various
phases.
Answer:In databases and transaction processing, two-phase locking (2PL) is a concurrency control
methodthatguaranteesserializability.Itisalsothe name of the resultingsetof database transaction
schedules(histories). The protocol utilizes locks, applied by a transaction to data, which may block
(interpreted as signals to stop) other transactions from accessing the same data during the
transaction's life.
By the 2PL protocol locks are applied and removed in two phases:
 Expanding phase: locks are acquired and no locks are released.
 Shrinking phase: locks are released and no locks are acquired.
b. Elaborate advantages and disadvantages of Distributed database
management system.
Answer:There are following advantages of DDBMs:
Reflects organizational structure: Many organizations are naturally distributed over several
locations.Forexample,abankhasmany officesindifferentcities. It is natural for databases used in
such an application to be distributed over these locations. A bank may keep a database at each
branch office containing details such things as the staff that work at that location, the account
information of customers etc.
Question. 6. Briefly explain the basic concepts of object-oriented
data model.
Answer:Imagine we have to design database for college. What is the real world entities involved
withcollege?Theyare college,Students, Lecturer, Course, Subject, Marks etc. Once all the entities
are listed,we findoutthe relationship between them and try to map all of them. Also we list what
are the attributes related to each entity like student id, name, lecturer name, course that he is
teaching,differentsubjects,passmark,grade levelsetc. Here we are not bothered about what data
value isstored,whatisthe size of each data etc.We know onlyentitiesinvolved,theirattributesand
mapping at this stage.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com

4. or
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