The document provides an overview of Data Manipulation Language (DML) within relational database management systems (RDBMS), highlighting key SQL commands such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE used for database modifications. It explains CRUD operations for managing data and differentiates between procedural and non-procedural programming. Additionally, it offers syntax examples and practical applications for each command type within the context of a relational database like MySQL.

1. DATA MANIPULATION
LANGUAGE
Dr.SNS RAJALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE
COIMBATORE-49
(AUTONOMOUS)
Accredited by NAAC (Cycle-III) with ‘A+’ Grade
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE WITH FINANCE

2. CONTENTS
Introduction
SQL Commands
Data manipulation Language
Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
• A Relational database management system (RDBMS) is a database
management system (DBMS) that is based on the relational model as
introduced by E. F. Codd.
• RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems like
MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Accss.
• MySQL is an open source SQL database, which is developed by a
Swedish company – MySQL AB.
• MySQL comes with a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user and robust
SQL database server.

5. SQL COMMANDS
CREATE
ALTER
DROP
TRUNCATE
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
MERGE
GRANT
REVOKE
DDL DML DCL

6. Second Page
DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE
DML represents a collection of programming languages explicitly
used to make changes in the database.
 CRUD operations to create, read, update, and delete data
 Using the INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE and Delete commands.
In the beginning, DML commands were par of computer
programs only, but with the popularity of SQL, they have now
become a part of database management.
• DML have two primary classifications: Procedural and Non-
procedural programming (declarative programming).

7. SELECT: Command to fetch data or values from the database
INSERT: Command to add new or fresh value to the database
UPDATE: Command to change or update the present/existing
data to a newer value inside the database
DELETE: Command to remove or delete the values or data
information from the database’s current table
MERGE: Command to merge two or more data tables inside a
database.

8. SELECT COMMAND
• It is used to retrieve data from the database.
• This command allows database users to retrieve the specific
information they desire from an operational database.
• It returns a result set of records from one or more tables.
• For Example,
SELECT * FROM employee
where salary >=10,000;
Syntax:
SELECT * FROM <table_name>;

9. INSERT COMMAND
• It is used for inserting a data into a table.
• Using this command, you can add one or more records to any
single table in a database.
• It is also used to add records to an existing code.
For Examples,
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,CITY,COMPENSATION)VALUES (1, Kritesh, 45, ‘Delhi’, 2500.00
); INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,CITY,COMPENSATION)VALUES (2, Mehta, 35,Kochi,
1500.00 );
All the above records will fetch the following result on checking the CUSTOMERS table as following:
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
| 1 | Kritesh | 45 | Delhi | 2500.00 ||
2 | Mehta | 35 | Kochi | 1500.00 ||
Syntax:
INSERT INTO <table_name> (`column_name1` <datatype>, `column_name2`
<datatype>, . . . , `column_name_n` <database>) VALUES (`value1`,
`value2`, . . . , `value n`);

10. UPDATE COMMAND
• It is used to modify the records present in existing table.
• This command updates existing data within a table.
• It changes the data of one or more records in a table.
UPDATE CUSTOMERSSET ADDRESS = ‘Indore’WHERE ID = 2;On
checking, the customer records will fetch the following result:
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
| 1 | Kritesh | 45 | Delhi | 2500.00 ||
2 | Mehta | 35 | Indore | 1500.00 ||
UPDATE CUSTOMERSSET ADDRESS = ‘Indore’, SALARY = 3000.00;
ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
| 1 | Kritesh | 45 | Delhi | 2500.00 ||
2 | Mehta | 35 | Indore | 3000.00 ||
Syntax:
UPDATE <table_name>
SET <column_name = value>
WHERE condition;

11. DELETE COMMAND
• DELETE command is used to delete some or all records from
the existing table.
• It deletes all the records from a table.
SQL>DELETE FROM employee WHERE emp_id = '1';
SQL> DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS;
This will delete all records of the customers from a specific database,
respectively.
Syntax:
DELETE FROM
<table_name> WHERE
<condition>;