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The document provides information about an assignment for a Database Management Systems course. It includes 6 questions about key concepts in databases and DBMS. It provides the student's name, semester, course code, credit hours, and evaluation criteria. It asks the student to answer all questions, with 10-mark questions being approximately 400 words each. The questions cover topics like the definition of a DBMS, relational algebra operations, client-server models, SQL, locking protocols, distributed databases, and object-oriented data models. It provides contact information for students to get fully solved assignments.
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This document appears to be the contents page and preface for a database management systems solutions manual. The contents page lists the chapter titles for the book. The preface thanks students who contributed solutions to exercises in the book and provides information on how to report errors or access the latest version online. It does not contain any summaries to extract.
The document discusses the key functions of distributed database management systems including keeping track of data distribution, processing distributed queries, managing replicated data, distributed recovery from failures, security across sites, distributed directory management, and distributed transaction management. It also classifies DDBMS as either homogeneous where all sites use the same DBMS or heterogeneous where sites may use different DBMS products requiring translations. The document describes how transaction transparency ensures integrity and consistency when transactions update data across multiple connected computers in a distributed database.
The document discusses different types of database backups that can be performed at various levels, including full database backups, file group backups, file backups, differential backups, transaction log backups, tail log backups, and copy only backups. It also discusses that databases are not locked during backups, contrary to common misconceptions.
The document then discusses key considerations for choosing a database management system (DBMS), including the data model, data consistency, security, protection, access, efficiency, usability, and costs of implementation and support.
Finally, the document discusses logical database design, including mapping the conceptual model to logical constructs, normalization, defining integrity constraints, and validating the logical model against requirements. It also discusses centralized vs decentralized
Dear students get fully solved assignments
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Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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or
call us at : 08263069601
The document provides information about an assignment for a Database Management Systems course. It includes 6 questions about key concepts in databases and DBMS. It provides the student's name, semester, course code, credit hours, and evaluation criteria. It asks the student to answer all questions, with 10-mark questions being approximately 400 words each. The questions cover topics like the definition of a DBMS, relational algebra operations, client-server models, SQL, locking protocols, distributed databases, and object-oriented data models. It provides contact information for students to get fully solved assignments.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
(Prefer mailing. Call in emergency )
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
(Prefer mailing. Call in emergency )
This document appears to be the contents page and preface for a database management systems solutions manual. The contents page lists the chapter titles for the book. The preface thanks students who contributed solutions to exercises in the book and provides information on how to report errors or access the latest version online. It does not contain any summaries to extract.
The document discusses the key functions of distributed database management systems including keeping track of data distribution, processing distributed queries, managing replicated data, distributed recovery from failures, security across sites, distributed directory management, and distributed transaction management. It also classifies DDBMS as either homogeneous where all sites use the same DBMS or heterogeneous where sites may use different DBMS products requiring translations. The document describes how transaction transparency ensures integrity and consistency when transactions update data across multiple connected computers in a distributed database.
The document discusses different types of database backups that can be performed at various levels, including full database backups, file group backups, file backups, differential backups, transaction log backups, tail log backups, and copy only backups. It also discusses that databases are not locked during backups, contrary to common misconceptions.
The document then discusses key considerations for choosing a database management system (DBMS), including the data model, data consistency, security, protection, access, efficiency, usability, and costs of implementation and support.
Finally, the document discusses logical database design, including mapping the conceptual model to logical constructs, normalization, defining integrity constraints, and validating the logical model against requirements. It also discusses centralized vs decentralized
This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It discusses key DBMS concepts like architecture, data models, schemas, data independence, and more. It also covers relational databases and the SQL language. The target audience is computer science graduates learning basic to advanced DBMS topics.
This document discusses database languages used in database management systems (DBMS). It describes three types of database languages: data definition language (DDL) used to define and modify the database schema; data manipulation language (DML) used to insert, update, delete and retrieve data; and data control language (DCL) used to control access privileges. Examples are provided for common statements in each language type like CREATE, ALTER, DROP for DDL and INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT for DML. Case sensitivity and data types are also briefly covered.
Specialization hierarchies allow additional semantic meaning to be captured in an ERD. Specialization is a top-down approach where a higher-level entity is divided into multiple specialized lower-level entities. Generalization is a bottom-up approach where multiple lower-level entities are combined into a single higher-level entity. When modeling with subtypes and supertypes, the different entity types must each have unique attributes and be identifiable in the domain. Composite primary keys are useful for identifying entities in many-to-many relationships and weak entities related to strong entities.
The document discusses the three-level architecture of database systems: the physical level, logical level, and view level. It describes each level in detail. The physical level refers to how data is stored internally. The logical level represents the conceptual design of the entire database. The view level consists of external schemas that individual users see. The document also covers the responsibilities of the database administrator (DBA) in managing the schemas and mappings between levels to map user views to the underlying conceptual and physical designs.
This document discusses data models and the three schema architecture of database management systems (DBMS). It describes the three levels of schemas in a DBMS - physical schema, conceptual/logical schema, and external schemas. The three schema architecture supports program-data independence and multiple user views of data by providing different levels of abstraction and independence between the schemas.
This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It discusses DBMS architecture, data models including entity-relationship and relational models, data schemas, data independence, and the entity-relationship model. It also covers relational data modeling, Codd's 12 rules for relational databases, and mapping from entity-relationship diagrams to relational schemas. The intended audience is computer science graduates and prerequisites include basic computer concepts.
The document summarizes key concepts in database management systems (DBMS). It defines a database as a collection of logically related data for a specific purpose. A DBMS is software that allows users to define, create, and manipulate this database. Together, the database and DBMS are called a database system. The document then covers database concepts like data models, normalization, queries, and more. It provides examples to illustrate database management system concepts.
A database schema defines the structure of a database, including the entities, their attributes, and the relationships between entities. It exists at both the logical level, defining constraints on the data, and physical level, determining how data is stored in files, indices, etc. Data independence refers to the ability to change the schema at one level without affecting the other levels. A three-level database architecture separates the external, conceptual, and internal levels to abstract schema details from users, define logical design, and handle physical storage, respectively.
This document discusses distributed databases and distributed database management systems (DDBMS). It defines a distributed database as a logically interrelated collection of shared data physically distributed over a computer network. A DDBMS is software that manages the distributed database and makes the distribution transparent to users. The document outlines key concepts of distributed databases including data fragmentation, allocation, and replication across multiple database sites connected by a network. It also discusses reference architectures, components, design considerations, and types of transparency provided by DDBMS.
The document discusses the architecture and components of a database management system (DBMS). It describes that a DBMS is divided into modules including a query processor and storage manager. The query processor receives and optimizes SQL queries, while the storage manager is responsible for storing, retrieving, and updating data through components like a buffer manager, file manager, and transaction manager. The document also outlines some common data structures used in a DBMS like data files, data dictionaries, and indices.
The document discusses distributed database management systems (DDBMS) and their role in information access and management. It defines a DDBMS as software that manages logically interrelated databases distributed over a network, providing location, replication, and fragmentation transparency to users. A DDBMS improves performance, availability, shareability, and access by distributing data and queries across multiple sites. However, distributed systems also introduce greater complexity around issues like concurrency, security, and hardware/software interoperability. The document provides an example of a client/server architecture used to implement distributed querying and data access.
This document discusses data independence and the three-schema architecture in database systems. It explains that the schema is the overall structure or design of a database, while a subschema is a subset of the schema that inherits its properties and provides a window for users to view specific parts of the database. The three-schema architecture consists of the physical, logical, and view levels. The physical level deals with how data is stored, the logical level describes what data is stored and relationships, and the view level presents an external schema that users interact with. Data independence allows changes to schemas at one level without affecting higher levels, as seen through examples of logical and physical data independence.
This document discusses distributed databases and some of their key characteristics. It defines distributed databases as a single logical database spread across multiple physical locations connected by a communications link. Some key points covered include:
- Reasons for using distributed databases include business autonomy, data sharing, costs, and reliability.
- Distributed databases can be homogeneous, with the same DBMS at each node, or heterogeneous with different DBMSs.
- Major objectives of distributed databases are location transparency and local autonomy.
- Synchronous distributed databases ensure identical data copies but have high overhead, while asynchronous databases tolerate some inconsistency for faster response.
Mca ii-dbms- u-ii-the relational database modelRai University
This document discusses the relational database model and key concepts. It describes the three schema architecture including the internal, conceptual, and external schemas. The three schema architecture helps achieve self-describing databases, insulation between programs and data, and multiple views of data. The document also outlines database languages, interfaces, environments and centralized versus client/server architectures.
The document discusses database management systems and data independence. It defines data independence as the ability to change the database schema at one level without requiring changes at other levels. There are two types of data independence: logical data independence, which allows changing the conceptual schema without changing the external schema; and physical data independence, which allows changing the internal schema without changing the conceptual schema. The document provides examples of each type of data independence and explains the importance of data independence for database maintenance and flexibility.
This document discusses data models and database management system architectures. It covers:
1) Categories of data models including conceptual, implementation, and physical models.
2) Classifications of DBMSs including the data model used (relational, network, etc.), number of users, number of sites, and cost.
3) Common multi-user DBMS architectures like teleprocessing, file-server, and client-server (two-tier and three-tier).
This document provides an overview of key concepts in database systems and management. It discusses the purpose of database systems in organizing and managing data, the relational and object-based models for structuring data, and languages like SQL for defining, manipulating and querying data. The document also outlines different levels of abstraction, database schemas and instances, and components of database management systems.
This document provides an overview of the three level ANSI-SPARC architecture for database management systems. It describes the external, conceptual, and internal levels. The external level defines how users view the data, the conceptual level defines the overall data model, and the internal level defines the physical storage and implementation. The architecture provides data independence so changes to one level do not affect the others. It uses mappings between levels and multiple schemas to achieve this independence.
The document discusses data abstraction and the three schema architecture in database design. It explains that data abstraction has three levels: physical, logical, and view. The physical level describes how data is stored, the logical level describes the data and relationships, and the view level allows applications to hide data types and information. It also describes instances, which are the current stored data, and schemas, which are the overall database design. Schemas are partitioned into physical, logical, and external schemas corresponding to the levels of abstraction. The three schema architecture provides data independence and allows separate management of the logical and physical designs.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
Dear students get fully solved SMU MBA assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It discusses key DBMS concepts like architecture, data models, schemas, data independence, and more. It also covers relational databases and the SQL language. The target audience is computer science graduates learning basic to advanced DBMS topics.
This document discusses database languages used in database management systems (DBMS). It describes three types of database languages: data definition language (DDL) used to define and modify the database schema; data manipulation language (DML) used to insert, update, delete and retrieve data; and data control language (DCL) used to control access privileges. Examples are provided for common statements in each language type like CREATE, ALTER, DROP for DDL and INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT for DML. Case sensitivity and data types are also briefly covered.
Specialization hierarchies allow additional semantic meaning to be captured in an ERD. Specialization is a top-down approach where a higher-level entity is divided into multiple specialized lower-level entities. Generalization is a bottom-up approach where multiple lower-level entities are combined into a single higher-level entity. When modeling with subtypes and supertypes, the different entity types must each have unique attributes and be identifiable in the domain. Composite primary keys are useful for identifying entities in many-to-many relationships and weak entities related to strong entities.
The document discusses the three-level architecture of database systems: the physical level, logical level, and view level. It describes each level in detail. The physical level refers to how data is stored internally. The logical level represents the conceptual design of the entire database. The view level consists of external schemas that individual users see. The document also covers the responsibilities of the database administrator (DBA) in managing the schemas and mappings between levels to map user views to the underlying conceptual and physical designs.
This document discusses data models and the three schema architecture of database management systems (DBMS). It describes the three levels of schemas in a DBMS - physical schema, conceptual/logical schema, and external schemas. The three schema architecture supports program-data independence and multiple user views of data by providing different levels of abstraction and independence between the schemas.
This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It discusses DBMS architecture, data models including entity-relationship and relational models, data schemas, data independence, and the entity-relationship model. It also covers relational data modeling, Codd's 12 rules for relational databases, and mapping from entity-relationship diagrams to relational schemas. The intended audience is computer science graduates and prerequisites include basic computer concepts.
The document summarizes key concepts in database management systems (DBMS). It defines a database as a collection of logically related data for a specific purpose. A DBMS is software that allows users to define, create, and manipulate this database. Together, the database and DBMS are called a database system. The document then covers database concepts like data models, normalization, queries, and more. It provides examples to illustrate database management system concepts.
A database schema defines the structure of a database, including the entities, their attributes, and the relationships between entities. It exists at both the logical level, defining constraints on the data, and physical level, determining how data is stored in files, indices, etc. Data independence refers to the ability to change the schema at one level without affecting the other levels. A three-level database architecture separates the external, conceptual, and internal levels to abstract schema details from users, define logical design, and handle physical storage, respectively.
This document discusses distributed databases and distributed database management systems (DDBMS). It defines a distributed database as a logically interrelated collection of shared data physically distributed over a computer network. A DDBMS is software that manages the distributed database and makes the distribution transparent to users. The document outlines key concepts of distributed databases including data fragmentation, allocation, and replication across multiple database sites connected by a network. It also discusses reference architectures, components, design considerations, and types of transparency provided by DDBMS.
The document discusses the architecture and components of a database management system (DBMS). It describes that a DBMS is divided into modules including a query processor and storage manager. The query processor receives and optimizes SQL queries, while the storage manager is responsible for storing, retrieving, and updating data through components like a buffer manager, file manager, and transaction manager. The document also outlines some common data structures used in a DBMS like data files, data dictionaries, and indices.
The document discusses distributed database management systems (DDBMS) and their role in information access and management. It defines a DDBMS as software that manages logically interrelated databases distributed over a network, providing location, replication, and fragmentation transparency to users. A DDBMS improves performance, availability, shareability, and access by distributing data and queries across multiple sites. However, distributed systems also introduce greater complexity around issues like concurrency, security, and hardware/software interoperability. The document provides an example of a client/server architecture used to implement distributed querying and data access.
This document discusses data independence and the three-schema architecture in database systems. It explains that the schema is the overall structure or design of a database, while a subschema is a subset of the schema that inherits its properties and provides a window for users to view specific parts of the database. The three-schema architecture consists of the physical, logical, and view levels. The physical level deals with how data is stored, the logical level describes what data is stored and relationships, and the view level presents an external schema that users interact with. Data independence allows changes to schemas at one level without affecting higher levels, as seen through examples of logical and physical data independence.
This document discusses distributed databases and some of their key characteristics. It defines distributed databases as a single logical database spread across multiple physical locations connected by a communications link. Some key points covered include:
- Reasons for using distributed databases include business autonomy, data sharing, costs, and reliability.
- Distributed databases can be homogeneous, with the same DBMS at each node, or heterogeneous with different DBMSs.
- Major objectives of distributed databases are location transparency and local autonomy.
- Synchronous distributed databases ensure identical data copies but have high overhead, while asynchronous databases tolerate some inconsistency for faster response.
Mca ii-dbms- u-ii-the relational database modelRai University
This document discusses the relational database model and key concepts. It describes the three schema architecture including the internal, conceptual, and external schemas. The three schema architecture helps achieve self-describing databases, insulation between programs and data, and multiple views of data. The document also outlines database languages, interfaces, environments and centralized versus client/server architectures.
The document discusses database management systems and data independence. It defines data independence as the ability to change the database schema at one level without requiring changes at other levels. There are two types of data independence: logical data independence, which allows changing the conceptual schema without changing the external schema; and physical data independence, which allows changing the internal schema without changing the conceptual schema. The document provides examples of each type of data independence and explains the importance of data independence for database maintenance and flexibility.
This document discusses data models and database management system architectures. It covers:
1) Categories of data models including conceptual, implementation, and physical models.
2) Classifications of DBMSs including the data model used (relational, network, etc.), number of users, number of sites, and cost.
3) Common multi-user DBMS architectures like teleprocessing, file-server, and client-server (two-tier and three-tier).
This document provides an overview of key concepts in database systems and management. It discusses the purpose of database systems in organizing and managing data, the relational and object-based models for structuring data, and languages like SQL for defining, manipulating and querying data. The document also outlines different levels of abstraction, database schemas and instances, and components of database management systems.
This document provides an overview of the three level ANSI-SPARC architecture for database management systems. It describes the external, conceptual, and internal levels. The external level defines how users view the data, the conceptual level defines the overall data model, and the internal level defines the physical storage and implementation. The architecture provides data independence so changes to one level do not affect the others. It uses mappings between levels and multiple schemas to achieve this independence.
The document discusses data abstraction and the three schema architecture in database design. It explains that data abstraction has three levels: physical, logical, and view. The physical level describes how data is stored, the logical level describes the data and relationships, and the view level allows applications to hide data types and information. It also describes instances, which are the current stored data, and schemas, which are the overall database design. Schemas are partitioned into physical, logical, and external schemas corresponding to the levels of abstraction. The three schema architecture provides data independence and allows separate management of the logical and physical designs.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
Dear students get fully solved SMU MBA assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
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Call us at : 08263069601
Dear students get fully solved assignments
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This document provides information about getting fully solved assignments from a company called Assignment Drive. It lists the contact details and instructions for students to send their semester and specialization to get assignments. It then provides details of subjects, codes, credits and marks for assignments in Database Management Systems for semester 3.
This document provides information about getting fully solved assignments. Students can send their semester and specialization details to the email address provided or call the phone number to get solved assignments. It is preferred to contact via email except in emergencies. The document then provides an example of an assignment question related to database management systems.
This document provides information about getting fully solved assignments for the SMU BBA Spring 2014 semester. It includes contact information to email or call for assistance, along with sample assignment questions on topics like databases, SQL, and object-relational mapping. Students are instructed to include their semester and specialization when contacting for help with assignments.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
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Dear students get fully solved assignments
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This document provides information about getting fully solved assignments from an assignment help service. It lists an email address and phone number to contact along with details of semester, specialization, and subjects that assignments are available for, including Database Management Systems. The document includes sample questions and answers to demonstrate the type of assignment help available.
This document provides information about getting fully solved assignments from an assignment help service. It lists the email and phone contact information and specifies the subjects and semesters they provide assignments for, including Database Management Systems for semester 3. It includes sample questions and answers about database topics like data modeling, SQL queries, transactions, and normalization. The document aims to help students by providing already solved assignments they can submit.
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This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It defines a DBMS as consisting of a collection of persistent data and a set of programs to access and manage that data. The document then briefly discusses the history of DBMS development from early hierarchical models to today's dominant relational model. It describes the purposes of a DBMS in ensuring data integrity, security, and independence. The document outlines the architecture of a DBMS including its external, conceptual, and internal levels. It also defines the components, advantages, and disadvantages of a DBMS and describes common data languages like SQL.
This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It defines a DBMS as consisting of a collection of persistent data and a set of programs to access and manage that data. It briefly discusses the history of DBMS development from early hierarchical models to today's dominant relational model. It describes the purposes of a DBMS in ensuring data integrity, security, and independence from applications. It also outlines the conceptual architecture of a DBMS including its external, conceptual, and internal levels. Key components and features of DBMS are defined, along with advantages like data sharing and consistency, and disadvantages like implementation costs. Finally, it distinguishes between data definition and manipulation languages used to define and interact with database schemas and data.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
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Dear students get fully solved assignments
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help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
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A database management system (DBMS) consists of a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access, update, and manage that data. DBMS were developed in the 1960s to address issues with data redundancy, inconsistency, isolation between programs and data formats, security, and integrity. They use various data models like hierarchical and relational models to structure the relationships between data.
This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS). It defines a DBMS as a collection of data and set of programs used to access and manage that data. The document then briefly discusses the history of DBMS development from early hierarchical models in the 1960s to relational models today. It describes the purposes of a DBMS in ensuring data integrity, reducing redundancy, and improving security and access. The document outlines several data models used in DBMS, including hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented, and semi-structured models. It describes the typical architecture of a DBMS including external, conceptual, and internal levels. Key components and advantages/disadvantages of DBMS are also summarized, along with
The document provides information about a database management system (DBMS) assignment submitted by a student named Shivam Tripathi. It includes 3 questions and answers about DBMS. Question 1 defines DBMS and discusses its advantages like improved data sharing, security, and integration as well as disadvantages like increased costs, management complexity, and frequent upgrade cycles. Question 2 lists the key components of DBMS such as software, data, procedures, query processors, and reporting. Question 3 discusses the various types of DBMS users including database administrators, end users, system analysts, designers, application programmers, and casual users.
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Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
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1. Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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ASSIGNMENT
DRIVE FALL 2017
PROGRAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
SEMESTER III
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MI0034 – DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
BK ID B1966
CREDITS 4
MARKS 60
Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be
approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.
Question. 1. What is Database Management System (DBMS)? Briefly
explain the different components of DBMS.
Answer: Organizations employDatabase Management Systems(or DBMS) to helpthemeffectively
manage theirdataand derive relevantinformationoutof it.A DBMS isa technologytool thatdirectly
supports data management. It is a package designed to define, manipulate, and manage data in a
database.
Some general functions of a DBMS:
Question. 2. With a neat diagram explain the concept of three-
schema architecture.
Answer: The three-schema approach, or three-schema concept, in software engineering is an
approach to building information systems and systems information management that originatedin
the 1970s. It proposesthree differentviewsinsystems development,withconceptualmodellingbeing
considered the key to achieving data integration.
Question. 3. a. Define SQL
Answer:SQL isadomain-specificlanguageusedinprogramminganddesignedformanagingdataheld
in a relational database management system(RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data
stream management system (RDSMS).
2. Originallybaseduponrelationalalgebraandtuple relationalcalculus,SQLconsistsof adatadefinition
language, data manipulationlanguage, and data control language. The scope of SQL includes data
insert,query,update anddelete,schemacreationandmodification,anddataaccesscontrol.Although
SQL is often described as, and to a great extent is, a declarative language (4GL), it also includes
procedural elements.
b. Explain the different types of SQL statements
Answer:SQL isa verypowerfulanddiversedatabaselanguageuse tostoringdataintodatabases.SQL
is loosely typed language so you can learn easily.
In this SQL tutorial, we use command line examples to know about executing speedof SQL. It's take
very bit of time for executing and retrieving result.
SQL is a greater tool with web languages such as PHP,
Question. 4. a. Define Distributed Database Management System
(DDBMS).
Answer: A distributed database is a database in which storage devices are not all attached to a
commonprocessor.It may be storedin multiplecomputers,locatedinthe same physical location;or
may be dispersedoveranetworkof interconnectedcomputers.Unlike parallel systems,inwhichthe
processorsare tightlycoupledandconstituteasingle databasesystem, adistributeddatabase system
consists of loosely coupled sites that share no physical components.
b. Elaborate advantages and disadvantages of distributed database
management system.
Answer: In a distributeddatabase,dataisstoredindifferentsystemsacrossa network.ForExample,
in mainframes, personal computers, laptops, cell phones, etc.
Advantages of distributed database:
1) In a distributed database,datacanbe storedindifferentsystemslikepersonalcomputers,servers,
mainframes, etc.
Question. 5. Define client–server model. Briefly explain the
advantages of client–server model.
Answer: The client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or
workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters,
calledclients.Oftenclientsandserverscommunicate overacomputernetworkonseparatehardware,
3. but both client and server may reside in the same system. A server host runs one or more server
programs which share their resources with clients. A client does not share any of its resources, but
requests a server's content or service function. Clients therefore
Question. 6. Briefly explain the basic concepts of object-oriented
data model.
Answer:Imagine we have todesigndatabaseforcollege.Whatisthe real worldentitiesinvolvedwith
college? They are college, Students, Lecturer, Course, Subject, Marks etc. Once all the entities are
listed,we findoutthe relationshipbetweenthemandtrytomapall of them.Alsowe listwhatare the
attributes related to each entity like student id, name, lecturer name, course that he is teaching,
different subjects, pass mark, grade levels etc. Here we are not
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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