This document discusses different teaching methods, including project method and heuristic method. [1] Project method involves students carrying out purposeful activities and projects, preferably in natural settings, based on various psychological principles of learning like learning by doing. It has steps like planning and executing projects. [2] Heuristic method places students in the role of discoverers as they learn through self-practice. While both methods develop skills like independent thinking, they can be time-consuming and not suitable for completing syllabi or lower-level classes.

1. Assistant Professor of Mathematics
Thiagarajar College of Preceptors,
Madurai - 625 009
Methods of teaching

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Methods of teaching
01
“A thousand teachers,
a thousand methods.”
-Chinese Proverb
Influence teacher
Teacher build

4. 02
Every method has some goodness
in it, no method is all good.
Spancer
Blind

5. 04
World of
knowledge World of
Student’s
knowledge
Method
of teaching
“The process of interpreting the
world of knowledge to pupils mind is
called the method of teaching”
“ it is just way to teach”

6. 05
TEACHING METHOD
It is a systematic way of
doing something. It implies an orderly
logical arrangement of steps.
game

7. Project
Method

8. 06
Project method
Definition
Project method is of American origin
and is an outcome of Dewey’s
philosophy or pragmatism. However,
this method is developed and advocated
by Dr.Kilpatrick.

9. 07
• Project is a plan of action – oxford’s
advanced learner’s dictionary
• A project is a unit of wholehearted
purposeful activity carried on preferably in
its natural setting – Dr.Kilpatrick
Project method

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Basic principles of project method
Psychological principles of learning
1. Learning by doing
2. Learning by living
3. Children learn better through association, co-
operation and activity.
Psychological laws of learning
1. Law of readiness
2. Law of exercise
3. Law of effect

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STEPS INVOLVED IN PROJECT METHOD
1) Providing / creating the situations
2) Proposing and choosing the project
3) Planning the project
4) Execution of the project
5) Evaluation of the project
6) Recording of the project.

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Some projects for mathematics
Execution of school bank.
Running stationary stores in the school.
Laying out a school garden.
Laying a road.
Planning and estimating the construction of a
house
Planning for an annual camp
Collection of data regarding population, death
rate, birth rate etc.
10

13. MERITS

14. 11
1. This is based on various psychological laws and
principles.
2. It develops self-confidence and self-discipline among the
students
3. It provides score for independent work and individual
development.
4. It promotes habits of critical thinking and encourages the
students to adopt problem-solving methods.
5. This method the children are active participants in the
learning task.
Merits
next 10

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This is based on principle of activity, reality, effect,
and learning by doing etc.
It develops discovery attitude in the child.
It provides self-motivation as the students
themselves select plan and execute the project.
next
10

16. DEMERITS

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1. It takes more time.
2. It is very difficult to complete the whole syllabus by
the use of this method.
3. It is very expensive.
4. Textbooks and instructional materials are hardly
available.
5. The project method does not provide necessary drill
and practice for the learners of the subject.
6. This method is not suitable for a fixed curriculum.
7. Syllabus cannot be completed on time using this
method
Demerits
cook

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Heuristic Method
The word ‘Heuristic’ has been derived from the Greek word
‘Heurisco’ which means ‘I find’ or ‘I discover’
Armstrong originally introduced this method for learning
of science.
DEFINITION
According to H.E.Armstrong, “This is
the method of teaching which places
the pupils as far as possible in the
attitude of a discoverer.”

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MERITS

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Merits
1.This is a psychological method as the student
learns by self-practice.
2.It creates clear understanding
3.It is a meaningful learning
4.The student learns by doing so there is a little
scope of forgetting
5. It develops self-confidence, self-discipline in the
students

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Ø This is a psychological method as the student
learns by self-practice.
Ø It creates clear understanding
Ø It is a meaningful learning
Ø The student learns by doing
Ø It develops self-confidence, self-discipline in the
students
Ø He has clear understand and notions of the
subject.
Ø It gives the student a sense of confidence and
achievement.
Ø The methods make them exact and bring them
closer to truth.
Merits

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DEMERITS

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Ø It is not suitable for lower classes as they are not
independent thinkers
Ø It is very slow method. That is time consuming
method.
Ø It is lengthy.
Ø The students have to spend a lot of time to find
out minor results.
The teacher may find it difficult to finish the
syllabus in time.
Ø It does not suit larger classes.